PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tayassuidae (peccary)

Mammalia - Tayassuidae

Taxonomy

Tayassuidae was named by Palmer (1897). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Boisserie et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Suina by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Suoidea by Carroll (1988), McKenna and Bell (1997), Boisserie et al. (2005), Becker et al. (2010) and Boisserie et al. (2010); to Suina by Scott (1940), Ursing et al. (2000), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Stinnesbeck et al. (2017); and to Artiodactyla by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Nowak (1991), Pickford and Morales (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and Prothero (2021).

Subtaxa

Aptenohyus, Colbertchoerus, Cynorca, Doliochoerinae, Hesperhyinae, Mckennahyus, Muknalia, Mylohyus, Perchoerus (syn. Bothrolabis, Chaenohyus), Prochoerus, Prosthennops haroldcooki, Simojovelhyus, Tayassuinae (syn. Dicotylinae), Thinohyus, Webbochoerus, Woodburnehyus

Synonyms

Prochoerus was named by Leconte (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Dicotyles by Leidy (1857); it was considered a nomen vanum by Simpson (1949) and Slaughter (1966).
Cynorca was named by Cope (1867).

It was synonymized subjectively with Squalodon by Zittel (1894) and Hay (1902); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wright and Eshelman (1987); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wright (1998); it was considered a nomen dubium by Prothero (2021).

It was assigned to Cynorcidae by Cope (1867), Gill (1871) and Gill (1872); to Tayassuinae by McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Tayassuidae by Gazin and Collins (1950), Woodburne (1969), Whitmore (1984), Carroll (1988) and Albright (1999).
Cynorca torquatus was named by Cope (1867).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Prothero (2021).
Cynorca proterva was named by Cope (1867) [genotype]. It is not extant. Its type specimen is ANSP 11543a.

It was recombined as Squalodon protervus by Cope (1867), Leidy (1869), Zittel (1894), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904) and Case (1904); it was recombined as Dicotyles protervus by Uhen et al. (2008); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dal Piaz (1916); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wright and Eshelman (1987), Wright (1998), Albright (1999) and Fordyce (2002); it was considered a nomen nudum by Dooley (2003); it was considered a nomen dubium by Prothero (2021).
Dicotyles lenis was named by Leidy (1869) [specimens may belong to multiple individuals]. Its type specimen is ANSP 11543, a mandible (upper and lower canines, fragmentary left mandibular ramus, and lower m1), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tayassu tajacu by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Mylohyus fossilis by Lundelius (1960); it was synonymized subjectively with Cynorca proterva by Woodburne (1969).
Hesperopithecus haroldcookii was named by Osborn (1922) [genotype].

It was recombined as Prosthennops haroldcooki by Gregory (1927) and Colbert (1935); it was considered a nomen dubium by Colbert (1938) and Prothero (2021).
Cynorcidae was named by Cope (1867). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Tayassuidae by Woodburne (1969) and McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Cetacea by Cope (1867); and to Zeuglodontia by Gill (1871), Gill (1872) and Gill (1873).
Dicotylidae was named by Gray (1868). It is extant.

It was replaced with Tayassuidae by Palmer (1897) and McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Suina by Flower (1883); to Nonruminantia by Gregory (1910); and to Suiformes by Jaekel (1911).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Prochoerus Leconte
1867	Cynorca torquatus Cope
1867	Squalodon protervus Cope
1867	Cynorca Cope p. 144
1867	Cynorca proterva Cope p. 144
1867	Cynorcidae Cope p. 144
1868	Dicotylidae Gray p. 21
1869	Dicotyles lenis Leidy
1869	Squalodon protervus Leidy p. 423
1871	Cynorcidae Gill p. 122
1871	Cynorca Gill p. 125
1872	Cynorca Gill p. 93
1872	Cynorcidae Gill p. 93
1873	Cynorcidae Gill p. 27
1883	Dicotylidae Flower p. 184
1894	Squalodon protervus Zittel p. 171
1897	Tayassuidae Palmer p. 174
1898	Squalodon protervus Trouessart p. 1015
1902	Squalodon protervus Hay p. 589
1904	Squalodon protervus Case p. 7
1904	Squalodon protervus Trouessart p. 756
1910	Dicotylidae Gregory p. 466
1911	Dicotylidae Jaekel p. 234
1922	Hesperopithecus haroldcookii Osborn
1927	Prosthennops haroldcooki Gregory
1935	Prosthennops haroldcooki Colbert
1940	Tayassuidae Scott p. 493
1950	Cynorca Gazin and Collins p. 17
1950	Cynorca proterva Gazin and Collins p. 17
1969	Cynorca Woodburne p. 287
1969	Cynorca proterva Woodburne p. 287
1980	Tayassuidae Kurten and Anderson p. 295
1984	Cynorca Whitmore p. 238
1984	Cynorca proterva Whitmore p. 238
1988	Cynorca Carroll
1988	Tayassuidae Carroll
1991	Tayassuidae Nowak
1997	Cynorca McKenna and Bell p. 397
1997	Tayassuidae McKenna and Bell p. 397
1998	Tayassuidae Pickford and Morales p. 286
1999	Cynorca Albright
2000	Tayassuidae Ursing et al.
2005	Tayassuidae Boisserie et al.
2006	Tayassuidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 6
2008	Tayassuidae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2
2008	Dicotyles protervus Uhen et al. p. 584
2009	Tayassuidae Spaulding et al.
2010	Tayassuidae Becker et al.
2010	Tayassuidae Boisserie et al. p. 348
2017	Tayassuidae Stinnesbeck et al. p. 344
2021	Tayassuidae Prothero p. 6

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
superfamily	Suoidea
—	Suina	(Gray 1868)
family	Tayassuidae
family	Tayassuidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Tayassuidae Palmer 1897 [peccary]

show all | hide all

G. †Aptenohyus Barbour 1925

G. †Colbertchoerus Prothero 2021

†Colbertchoerus niobrarensis Colbert 1935

Subfm. †Doliochoerinae Simpson 1945

Tr. †Doliochoerini Simpson 1945

G. †Barberahyus Golpe-Posse 1977

G. †Pecarichoerus Colbert 1933

†Pecarichoerus africanus Hendy 1976

†Pecarichoerus orientalis Colbert 1933

G. †Lorancahyus Pickford and Morales 1998

†Lorancahyus daamsi Pickford and Morales 1998

†Lorancahyus hypsorhizus Pickford and Morales 1998

Invalid names: Schizochoerini Golpe-Posse 1972 [empty]

Subfm. †Hesperhyinae Prothero 2015

G. †Desmathyus Matthew 1907

†Desmathyus brachydontus Dalquest and Mooser 1980

†Desmathyus pinensis Matthew 1907

G. †Floridachoerus White 1941

†Floridachoerus olseni White 1941

G. †Fremdohyus Prothero 2016

†Fremdohyus osmonti Sinclair 1905

G. †Hesperhys Douglass 1903

†Hesperhys antiquus Marsh 1870

†Hesperhys vagrans Douglass 1903

Invalid names: Desmathyus validus Matthew 1932 [synonym]

Invalid names: Pediohyus Loomis 1910 [synonym]

G. †Lucashyus Prothero 2015

†Lucashyus coombsae Prothero 2015

G. †Marshochoerus Prothero 2015

†Marshochoerus socialis Marsh 1875

G. †Stuckyhyus Prothero 2015

†Stuckyhyus siouxensis Peterson 1906

G. †Wrightohyus Prothero 2015

†Wrightohyus yatkolai Prothero 2015

G. †Mckennahyus Prothero 2021

†Mckennahyus parisidutrai Prothero 2021

G. †Muknalia Stinnesbeck et al. 2017

†Muknalia minima Stinnesbeck et al. 2017

G. †Mylohyus Cope 1869

†Mylohyus elmorei White 1942

†Mylohyus floridanus Kinsey 1974

†Mylohyus fossilis Leidy 1860

Invalid names: Dicotyles pennsylvanicus Leidy 1889 [synonym], Mylohyus browni Gidley 1920 [synonym], Mylohyus exortivus Gidley 1920 [synonym], Mylohyus gidleyi Simpson 1929 [synonym], Mylohyus temerarius Hay 1914 [synonym], Mylohyus tetragonus Cope 1899 [synonym]

†Mylohyus longirostris Thorpe 1924

†Mylohyus nasutus Leidy 1868

Invalid names: Mylohyus obtusidens Hay 1920 [nomen dubium]

G. †Perchoerus Leidy 1869

†Perchoerus minor Cook 1922

†Perchoerus nanus Marsh 1894

†Perchoerus probus Leidy 1856

Invalid names: Bothrolabis trichaenus Cope 1879 [synonym], Chaenohyus decedens Cope 1879 [synonym], Hyotherium americanum Scott and Osborn 1887 [synonym], Palaeochoerus subaequans Cope 1879 [synonym], Thinohyus robustus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Thinohyus trichaenus Cope 1879 [synonym]

Invalid names: Bothrolabis Cope 1888 [synonym], Chaenohyus Cope 1879 [synonym]

G. †Simojovelhyus Ferrusquía-Villafranca 2006

†Simojovelhyus pocitosense Ferrusquía-Villafranca 2006

Subfm. Tayassuinae Palmer 1897

G. †Argyrohyus Kraglievich 1959

G. Dicotyles Cuvier 1817

†Dicotyles major Lund 1841

†Dicotyles platensis Ameghino 1904

†Dicotyles torquatus Cope 1867

†Dicotyles traunmulleri Spillman 1949

Invalid names: Dicotyles hesperius Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium], Waldochoerus Frailey and Campbell 2012 [synonym]

G. †Dyseohyus Stock 1937

†Dyseohyus fricki Stock 1937

Tr. †Platygonini Dutra et al. 2017

G. †Macrogenis Wright 1993

†Macrogenis crassigenis Matthew and Gidley 1904

G. †Platygonus Leconte 1848

†Platygonus brachirostris Shotwell 1956

Invalid names: Platygonus pollenae Prothero and Grenader 2012 [synonym]

†Platygonus chapadmalensis Ameghino 1908

†Platygonus cinctus Ameghino 1886

†Platygonus compressus Leconte 1848

Invalid names: Dicotyles costatus Le Conte 1852 [synonym], Euchoerus macrops Leidy 1853 [synonym], Hyops depressifrons Leconte 1848 [synonym], Platygonus alemanii Dugès 1887 [synonym], Platygonus leptorhinus Williston 1894 [synonym], Protochoerus prismaticus Leconte 1848 [synonym]

†Platygonus kraglievichi Rusconi 1930

†Platygonus marplatensis Reig 1952

Invalid names: Selenogonus narinoensis Stirton 1947 [synonym]

†Platygonus oregonensis Colbert 1938

†Platygonus pearcei Gazin 1938

†Platygonus rex Marsh 1894

†Platygonus scagliae Reig 1952

†Platygonus setiger Hay 1920

†Platygonus texanus Gidley 1903

†Platygonus ticuli Mones 1974

†Platygonus vetus Leidy 1882

Invalid names: Platygonus cumberlandensis Gidley 1920 [synonym], Platygonus intermediatus Gidley 1921 [synonym], Platygonus intermedius Gidley 1920 [synonym]

Platygonus wagneri Rusconi 1930 [Chacoan peccary]

Invalid names: Antaodon Ameghino 1886 [synonym], Euchoerus Leidy 1853 [synonym], Hyops Leconte 1848 [synonym], Platygonus bicalcaratus Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Protochoerus Leconte 1848 [synonym], Selenogonus Stirton 1947 [synonym]

G. †Skinnerhyus Prothero and Pollen 2013

†Skinnerhyus shermerorum Prothero and Pollen 2013

G. †Prosthennops Matthew and Gidley 1904

†Prosthennops kernensis Colbert 1938

†Prosthennops serus Cope 1877

Invalid names: Prosthennops graffhami Schultz and Martin 1975 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hesperopithecus Osborn 1922 [synonym], Prosthennops ziegleri Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium]

G. †Protherohyus Dutra et al. 2017

G. †Stirtonhyus Prothero 2021

†Stirtonhyus xiphodonticus Barbour 1925

Invalid names: Dyseohyus stirtoni Woodburne 1969 [synonym]

Tr. Tayassuini Dutra et al. 2017

G. †Brasiliochoerus Rusconi 1930

†Brasiliochoerus stenocephalus Lund 1838

G. †Catagonus Ameghino 1904

†Catagonus bonaerensis Ameghino 1904

†Catagonus carlesi Rusconi 1930

†Catagonus metropolitanus Ameghino 1904

†Catagonus stenocephalus Lund 1880

G. Parachoerus Rusconi 1930

Parachoerus carlesi Rusconi 1930

Parachoerus wagneri Rusconi 1930 [Chacoan peccary]

G. Pecari Reichenbach 1835

Pecari angulatus Cope 1889

Pecari tajacu Linnaeus 1758 [collared peccary]

Invalid names: Waldochoerus bassleri Frailey and Campbell 2012 [synonym]

G. Tayassu Fischer 1814

†Tayassu edensis Frick 1921

Tayassu niger Allen 1913

Tayassu patira Fischer 1814

Tayassu pecari Link 1795 [white-lipped peccary]

Invalid names: Sylvochoerus woodburnei Frailey and Campbell 2012 [synonym]

Invalid names: Sylvochoerus Frailey and Campbell 2012 [synonym]

G. †Tedfordhyus Prothero 2021

†Tedfordhyus occidentalis Woodburne 1969

Invalid names: Dicotylinae Cope 1888 [synonym], Mylohyini [empty], Platygonus condoni Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium], Platygonus striatus Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium]

G. †Thinohyus Marsh 1875

†Thinohyus lentus Marsh 1875

Invalid names: Dicotyles pristinus Leidy 1873 [synonym]

†Thinohyus rostratus Cope 1888

G. †Webbochoerus Prothero 2021

†Webbochoerus macfaddeni Prothero 2021

G. †Woodburnehyus Prothero and Pollen 2013

†Woodburnehyus grenaderae Prothero and Pollen 2013

Invalid names: Cynorca Cope 1867 [nomen dubium], Cynorcidae Cope 1867 [synonym], Dicotylidae Gray 1868 [replaced], Prochoerus Leconte 1848 [nomen vanum], Prosthennops haroldcooki Osborn 1922 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

herbivoref

Diet 2:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999f

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-23 13:10:33

Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 37.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma

Collections (662 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Bartonian - Rupelian	41.3 - 28.1	Mexico (Oaxaca)	Perchoerus probus (166797)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	Perchoerus minor (16885 16937 16938)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	Perchoerus minor (16986)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	Perchoerus minor (16930) Perchoerus probus (16929) Perchoerus sp. (16940)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Perchoerus minor (16977)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	China (Guangxi)	Tayassuidae indet. (60126)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Colorado)	Perchoerus nanus (17081 84613)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (South Dakota)	Perchoerus nanus (17094 17095 17141 17142 17174)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Pakistan (Balochistan)	Pecarichoerus sp. (78520)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (South Dakota)	Perchoerus probus (17315) Perchoerus sp. (17338 17359 17384) Tayassuidae indet. (17317 17358 17380) Thinohyus sp. (17344)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Colorado)	Perchoerus nanus (17426)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Oregon)	Perchoerus probus, Thinohyus lentus (17349)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Florida)	Tayassuidae indet. (17341)
Geringian	30.8 - 26.3	USA (Oregon)	Thinohyus sp. (17508)
Geringian	30.8 - 26.3	USA (South Dakota)	Chaenohyus decedens (17629 17635 17636 17641 17644)
Geringian - Monroecreekian	30.8 - 24.8	USA (Florida)	Cynorca sp. (17487)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Oregon)	Fremdohyus osmonti (189088) Palaeochoerus socialis, Palaeochoerus pristinus (180202) Thinohyus osmonti (189087)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Nebraska)	Chaenohyus sp. (17514)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Montana)	Tayassuidae indet. (17540)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Wyoming)	Pediohyus ferus (17822)