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Carangaria

Osteichthyes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2019Carangaria van der Laan p. 77

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Carangaria
—Carangaria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. Carangidae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Alectis Rafinesque 1815
G. †Archaeus Agassiz 1843
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†Archaeus brevis Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus glarisianus Agassiz 1843
†Archaeus oblongus Danil'chenko 1968
G. †Argyreiosus Sauvage 1870
G. †Belgocaranx Taverne et al. 2006
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†Belgocaranx luypaertsi Taverne et al. 2006
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G. Caranx Lacépède 1802
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†Caranx albyi Sauvage 1880
†Caranx baltruschi de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx femeri de Beaufort 1926
†Caranx gracilis Kramberger 1882
†Caranx macoveii Pauca 1929
†Caranx orolomaensis David 1946
†Caranx primaevus Eastman 1904
†Caranx scillae Sauvage 1873
†Caranx weileri Bogatshov 1933
G. †Ceratoichthys Blot 1969
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†Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis Blainville 1818
G. Decapterus Bleeker 1850
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†Decapterus agilis Jordan 1925
†Decapterus hopkinsi Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Eastmanalepes Bannikov 1984
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†Eastmanalepes primaevus Eastman 1904
G. †Equula Cuvier 1815
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†Equula altapinna Weiler 1955
G. †Lichia Cuvier 1817
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Lichia amia Linnaeus 1758
†Lichia veronensis Bannikov and Sorbini 1990
G. Oligoplites Gill 1864
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†Oligoplites spinosus Smirnov 1936
G. †Paratrachinotus Blot 1969
G. Platax Cuvier 1817
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†Platax altissimus Agassiz 1835
†Platax macropterygius Agassiz 1835
†Platax papilio Volta 1796
†Platax woodwardii Agassiz 1839
G. Pseudocaranx Bleeker 1863
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†Pseudocaranx pertenuis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Selene Lacepède 1802
G. Seriola Cuvier 1817
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†Seriola dallonii Arambourg 1927
†Seriola prisca Agassiz 1834
†Seriola sanctaebarbarae Jordan 1921
G. Teratichthys Koenig 1825
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G. †Trachicaranx Daniltshenko 1968
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†Trachicaranx tersus Danil'chenko 1968
G. Trachurus Lacépède 1802
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†Trachurus costatus Casier 1966
Trachurus declivis Jenyns 1841
Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner 1868
†Trachurus miosensis Lafond-Grellety 1979
Trachurus trachurus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Vomeropsis Heckel 1853
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†Vomeropsis triurus Volta 1796
Invalid names: Archaeinae Bannikov 1990 [invalid subgroup], Vomeropsinae Bannikov 1984 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Ductoridae
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G. †Ductor Agassiz 1834
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†Ductor leptosomus Agassiz 1834
†Ductor vestenae Voltra 1796
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G. Echeneis Linnaeus 1758
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†Echeneis urupensis Daniltshenko 1958
G. †Oligoremora Micklich et al. 2016
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†Oligoremora rhenana Micklich et al. 2016
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G. †Opisthomyzon Cope 1889
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G. Rachycentron Kaup 1826
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†Rachycentron stremphaencus Godfrey and Carnevale 2021
Invalid names: Coryphaenidae [empty], Nematistiidae [empty]
Fm. Centropomidae Poey 1868
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G. Centropomus Lacépède 1802
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†Centropomus excavatus Casier 1966
G. Lates Cuvier 1828 [lates]
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†Lates gibbus Agassiz 1833
†Lates gracilis Agassiz 1833
†Lates macrurus Agassiz 1833
Lates niloticus Linnaeus 1758 [Nile perch]
†Lates notaeus Agassiz 1833
†Lates qatraniensis Murray and Attia 2004
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G. †Acestrus Agassiz 1845
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†Acestrus elongatus Casier 1966
†Acestrus ornatus Woodward 1901
G. †Blochius Volta 1800
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†Blochius longirostris Volta 1796
†Blochius macropterus de Zigno 1887
†Blochius moorheadi Eastman 1911
G. †Congorhynchus Darteville and Casier 1949
G. †Loancorhynchus Otero 2019
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Invalid names: Blochioides Pictet 1854 [synonym], Rostrati Giebel 1847 [synonym]
Fm. †Hemingwayidae Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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G. †Hemingwaya Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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†Hemingwaya sarissa Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2002
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G. †Hemirhabdorhynchus Casier 1946
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G. Istiophorus Lacépède 1802
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†Istiophorus antiquus Leidy 1855
†Istiophorus parvulus Marsh 1869
Istiophorus platypterus Shaw and Nodder 1792
Invalid names: Brachyrhynchus Van Beneden 1871 [synonym], Encheiziphius Rutimeyer 1857 [synonym]
G. Makaira Lacépède 1802
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†Makaira belgicus Leriche 1926
Makaira indica Cuvier 1832
Makaira nigricans Lacépède 1802
†Makaira panamensis Fierstine 1978
†Makaira purdyi Fierstine 1999
†Makaira teretirostris Van Beneden 1871
G. †Marlina Grey 1928
G. Tetrapturus Rafinesque 1810
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†Tetrapturus albidus Poey 1860
Invalid names: Istiophorus solidus Van Beneden 1871 [invalid subgroup]
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G. †Aglyptorhynchus Casier 1966
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†Aglyptorhynchus columbianus Fierstine 2005
†Aglyptorhynchus hakataramea Gottfried 2012
†Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus Casier 1946
G. †Enniskillenus Casier 1966
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†Enniskillenus radiatus Agassiz 1833
G. †Homorhynchus Van Beneden 1873
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†Homorhynchus bruxelliensis Van Beneden 1873
†Homorhynchus colei Agassiz 1842
G. †Palaeorhynchus de Blainville 1818
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†Palaeorhynchus glarisianum de Blainville 1818
†Palaeorhynchus parini Bannikov 1992
†Palaeorhynchus senectus Danilt'chenko 1962
†Palaeorhynchus zitteli Kramberger 1879
†Palaeorhynchus zorzini Fierstine et al. 2008
G. †Pseudotetrapturus Danil'chenko 1960
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†Pseudotetrapturus luteus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Aglyptorhynchinae Fierstine and Weems 2009 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Xiphiidae Swainson 1839 [sword fish]
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G. †Embalorhynchus Marsh 1869
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†Embalorhynchus kinnei Marsh 1869
G. †Glyptorhynchus Leriche
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†Glyptorhynchus compressus Leriche 1936
Subfm. Xiphiinae Swainson 1839
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G. †Rotundorhynchus Monsch 2004
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G. †Tamesichthys Casier 1966
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†Tamesichthys decipiens Casier 1966
G. Xiphias Linnaeus 1758 [sword fish]
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Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Xiphias delfortrieri Lawley 1876 [synonym]
†Xiphias radiata Clark 1895
Invalid names: Istiophorini Lutken 1875 [empty], Xiphiorhynchini Regan 1909 [empty]
Subfm. †Xiphiorhynchinae Regan 1909
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G. †Thalattorhynchus Schultz 1987
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G. †Xiphiorhynchus Van Beneden 1871
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†Xiphiorhynchus courcelli Arambourg 1927
†Xiphiorhynchus elegans Van Beneden 1871
†Xiphiorhynchus eocaenicus Woodward 1901
†Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki Fierstine and Applegate 1974
†Xiphiorhynchus parvus Casier 1966
†Xiphiorhynchus rotundus Monsch et al. 2005
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G. †Paralactarius Schwarzhans 1980
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†Paralactarius iankeysei Schwarzhans 1980
†Paralactarius ornatus Schwarzhans 1980
G. Lactarius Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833
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†Lactarius amplus Pomerol 1973
†Lactarius atlanticus Steubaut and Jonet 1982
†Lactarius nonfungus Nolf and Bajpai 1992
†Lactarius primigenius Schwarzhans 2019
†Lactarius pusillus Schwarzhans 2019
†Lactarius sigmoidalis Frost 1934
†Lactarius tumulatus Stinton 1957
Fm. Menidae Gill 1885 [moonfish]
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G. †Bathysoma Davis 1890
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†Bathysoma lutkeni Davis 1890
G. Mene Lacépède 1803
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†Mene garviei Lin and Nolf 2022
†Mene oblonga Agassiz 1833
Mene psarianosi Symeonidis 1969
†Mene purdyi Friedman and Johnson 2005
†Mene rhombea Volta 1796
†Mene triangulum Danil'chenko 1968
G. †Menidarum Unknown
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†Menidarum occultus Nolf and Bajpai 1992
Or. Pleuronectiformes [flatfish]
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G. †Achiurus
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G. †Amphistium Agassiz 1834
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†Amphistium paradoxum Agassiz 1834
G. †Chibapsetta Sakamoto and Uyeno 1988
G. Clidoderma Bleeker 1862
G. †Eobothus Eastman 1914
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†Eobothus minimus Agassiz 1839
G. Eopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
G. †Heteronectes Friedman 2008
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†Heteronectes chaneti Friedman 2008
G. †Imhoffius Chabanaud 1940
G. Isopsetta Jordan and Gilbert 1882
G. Limanda Gottsche 1835
G. Monochirus Rafinesque 1814
G. Pegusa Guenther 1862
Subor. †Pleuronectoidea
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Fm. Cyclopsettidae Campbell 2019
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G. Syacium Ranzani 1842
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Syacium micrurum Ranzani 1842
Invalid names: Rhombus heckeli Kner 1861 [nomen dubium]
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G. †Achirus Lacepede 1802
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Achirus achirus Linnaeus 1758
Achirus australis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Achirus chungkuz Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Achirus mediterraneus Arambourg 1927
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G. Arnoglossus Bleeker 1862
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†Arnoglossus extremus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus grenfelli Schwarzhans 1999
†Arnoglossus kokeni Basoli and Schubert 1906
†Arnoglossus laterna Walbaum 1792
†Arnoglossus lautus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus longus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus miocenicus Weiler 1962
†Arnoglossus novus Schwarzhans 1980
†Arnoglossus purus Schwarzhans 2019
†Arnoglossus sauvagei d'Erasmo 1930
†Arnoglossus tenuis Schubert 1906
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Invalid names: Rhombus corius Pobedina 1954 [synonym]
G. †Bothidarum Nolf
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†Bothidarum biaculeatus Nolf and Lapierre 1979
†Bothidarum dorsolobatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Bothidarum incertus Priem 1911
G. Bothus Rafinesque 1810
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Bothus decipiens Casier 1966
†Bothus nativus Schwarzhans 2007
†Bothus parvulus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1883
G. Caulopsetta Gill 1893
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†Caulopsetta arnoglossoides Schwarzhans 1999
G. Grammatobothus Norman 1926
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†Grammatobothus awamoaensis Schwarzhans 1999
G. Laeops Günther 1880
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†Laeops undulatus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Miobothus Chanet and Schultz 1994
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†Miobothus weissi Chanet and Schultz 1994
G. Monolene Goode 1881
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†Monolene prudhommae Steurbaut 1984
G. †Oligobothus Baciu and Chanet 2002
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†Oligobothus pristinus Baciu and Chanet 2002
G. Peltorhamphus Günther 1862
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†Peltorhamphus flexuodorsalis Schwarzhans 1999
†Peltorhamphus fordycei Schwarzhans 1980
G. Taeniopsetta Gilbert 1905
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G. Citharus Reinhardt 1838
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†Citharus lusitanicus Jonet 1973
G. †Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans 1994
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†Rhombocitharus novaezeelandiae Schwarzhans 1999
Invalid names: Eucitharidae Romer 1966 [synonym]
Fm. Cynoglossidae Jordan 1963
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G. Paraplagusia Bleeker 1865
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†Paraplagusia alta lafond-Grellety 1982
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Symphurus atricauda Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Fm. †Joleaudichthyidae Chabanaud 1937
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G. †Joleaudichthys Chabanaud 1937
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G. Citharichthys Bleeker 1862
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†Citharichthys oranensis Arambourg 1927
†Citharichthys parvisulcus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Citharichthys varians Casier 1966
†Citharichthys vergens Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. Paralichthys Girard 1858
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Subg. †Paralichthys (Vorator) Jordan 1925
†Paralichthys antiquus Jordan 1924
†Paralichthys yamanai Sakamoto and Uyeno 1993
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G. Atheresthes Jordan and Gilbert 1881
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Atheresthes stomias Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. †Evesthes Gilbert 1910
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†Evesthes hooveri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Evesthes jordani Gilbert 1910
G. Glyptocephalus Gottsche 1835
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Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington 1879
G. †Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835
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Subg. †Hippoglossoides (Isomma) Jordan 1927
G. Lyopsetta Jordan and Goss 1887
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Lyopsetta exilis Jordan and Gilbert 1880
G. Microstomus Schinze 1822
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Microstomus pacificus Lockington 1879
G. Parophrys Girard 1856
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Parophrys vetulus Girard 1854
G. Platichthys Girard 1856
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Platichthys flesus Linnaeus 1758
G. Pleuronichthys Girard 1856
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Subg. †Pleuronichthys (Zororhombus) Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Pleuronichthys veliger Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Solea Gouan 1770
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†Solea approximata Koken 1891
†Solea balonggensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea eocenica Woodward 1910
†Solea glabber Koken 1888
†Solea lenticularis Koken 1891
†Solea prisca Ciobanu 1977
†Solea proocellata Arambourg 1927
†Solea rotunda Priem 1914
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Invalid names: Solea solea Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
†Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858
†Solea songgoensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea sulci Steurbaut 1984
Invalid names: Pleuronectinae [empty]
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G. Rhombosolea Günther 1862
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Rhombosolea plebeius Richardson 1843
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G. Samaris Gray 1831
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†Samaris validus Schwarzhans 1999
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G. Lepidorhombus Guenther 1862
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†Lepidorhombus compressus Gaemers 1984
G. †Phrynorhombus Gunther 1862
G. Scophthalmus Rafinesque 1810
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Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus 1758
†Scophthalmus stamatini Pacua 1931
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G. Aseraggodes Kaup 1858
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†Aseraggodes hudsoni Schwarzhans 2019
†Aseraggodes laganum Girone and Nolf 2009
G. Buglossidium Chabanaud 1930
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†Buglossidium frequens Steurbaut 1984
G. †Cornusolea Schwarzhans et al. 2017
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†Cornusolea fudoujii Schwarzhans et al. 2017
G. Dicologlossa Chabanaud 1927
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†Dicologlossa patens Bassoli 1906
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Invalid names: Solea kokeni Schubert 1906 [synonym]
†Dicologoglossa hexophthalma Steurbaut and Jonet 1982
G. †Eosolea Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Eosolea aquitanica Priem 1906
†Eosolea bartonensis Frost 1934
†Eosolea claibornensis Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Eosolea formosa Prochazka 1900
†Eosolea subglabra Schubert 1906
†Eosolea texana Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. Microchirus Bonaparte 1833
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†Microchirus abropteryx Sauvage 1870
Microchirus ocellatus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Rhombus Cuvier
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†Rhombus minimus Agassiz 1835
†Rhombus rhenanus Koken 1891
Invalid names: Eobuglossidae Chabanaud 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Achiropsettidae [empty], Paralichthodidae [empty], Poecilopsettidae [empty], Soleoidae [empty]
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G. †Citharopsettodes Schwarzhans 1978
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†Citharopsettodes angustus Schwarzhans 1978
G. Psettodes Bennett 1831
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†Psettodes spinosus Nolf 1972
G. †Turahbuglossus Chabanaud 1937
Invalid names: Soleoidei [empty]
Fm. Polynemidae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Pentanemus Guenther 1860
G. Polydactylus Lacépède 1803
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†Polydactylus gaemersi Steurbaut 1984
G. †Polynemidarum Unknown
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†Polynemidarum buyghebaertae Steurbaut and Jonet 1982
†Polynemidarum gaemersi Steurbaut 1984
Fm. †Pygaeidae Jordan 1905
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G. †Pygaeus Agassiz 1835
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†Pygaeus agassizii Eastman 1904
†Pygaeus bolcanus Volta 1796
†Pygaeus coleanus Agassiz 1839
†Pygaeus dorsalis Agassiz 1839
†Pygaeus egertoni Agassiz 1842
†Pygaeus gibbus Agassiz 1842
†Pygaeus gigas Agassiz 1835
†Pygaeus nobilis Agassiz 1835
†Pygaeus nuchalis Agassiz 1839
†Pygaeus oblongus Agassiz 1839
Fm. Sphyraenidae Rafinesque 1815 [barracuda]
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G. †Parasphyraena Switchenska 1968
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†Parasphyraena apscheronica Switchenska 1968
G. Sphyraena Artedi 1793 [barracuda]
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†Sphyraena amici Agassiz 1843
Sphyraena argentea Girard 1854
Sphyraena barracuda Edwards 1771
†Sphyraena bognorensis Casier 1966
†Sphyraena bolcensis Agassiz 1835
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Invalid names: Sphyraena gracilis Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
†Sphyraena crassidens de Beaufort 1926
†Sphyraena croatica Gorjanović-Kramberger 1882
†Sphyraena cunhai Silva-Santos and Travassos 1960
†Sphyraena egleri Silva-Santos and Travassos 1960
†Sphyraena fajumensis Dames 1883
†Sphyraena hansfuchsi Schubert 1906
†Sphyraena intermedia Bassani 1889
†Sphyraena kugleri Casier 1966
†Sphyraena longimana Arambourg 1966
†Sphyraena lugardi White 1926
†Sphyraena major Leidy 1855
†Sphyraena malembeensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Sphyraena muelleri Schwarzhans 1994
†Sphyraena pannonica Weiler 1938
†Sphyraena senni Casier 1966
†Sphyraena sternbergensis Winkler 1975
†Sphyraena striata Casier 1946
†Sphyraena substriata Münster 1846
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Invalid names: Saurocephalus inequalis Münster 1846 [synonym], Sphyraena olisiponensis Jonet 1966 [synonym]
†Sphyraena suessi Gorjanović-Kramberger 1882
†Sphyraena tyrolensis von Meyer 1863
†Sphyraena viannai Dartevelle and Casier 1949
†Sphyraena viennensis Steindachner 1859
†Sphyraena weberi Leriche 1954
†Sphyraena winkleri Lawley 1876
Fm. Toxotidae Bleeker 1859
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G. Toxotes Cuvier and Cloquet 1816
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†Toxotes antiquus Agassiz 1835
†Toxotes undatus Casier 1966
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 125.77000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma

Collections (553 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4France (Drôme) Solea sp. (75576)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Congorhynchus elliotti (221052)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) Sphyraena sp. (58102)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Carangidarum sp. (22943)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Carangidarum sp. (159793 159794)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Kazakhstan (Chimkent) Centropomidae indet. (48888)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Peru Mene purdyi (112144)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Histiophorus homalorhamphus (3113)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (Maryland) Ischyrhiza radiata (84045)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Xiphiidae indet. (38950)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Hemirhabdorhynchus ypresiansis, Sphyraena sp., Glyptorhynchus bruxelliensis, Glyptorhynchus sp., Glyptorhynchus sulcatus, Sphyraena striata, Hemirhabdorhynchus depressus, Glyptorhynchus compressus (219001) Trachurus sp. (219011)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Gujarat) Sphyraena sp. (71438)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Amphistium paradoxum, Pygaeus nuchalis, Pygaeus nobilis, Heteronectes chaneti, Ductor vestenae, Vomeropsis triurus, Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis, Eastmanalepes primaevus, Lichia veronensis, Trachicaranx pleuronectiformis, Mene rhombea, Mene oblonga, Pygaeus bolcanus, Sphyraena bolcensis, Blochius longirostris, Blochius macropterus, Palaeorhynchus zorzini, Eobothus minimus, Seriola prisca (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy (Veneto) Heteronectes chaneti (136273)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Makaira sp., Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Acestrus ornatus, Enniskillenus radiatus, Rotundorhynchus brittanicus, Tamesichthys decipiens, Teratichthys antiquitatis, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus (215472)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Turkmenistan Hemingwaya sarissa, Archaeus oblongus, Mene triangulum (186444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Sphyraena bognorensis, Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus (8050) Xiphiorhynchus sp., Sphyraena bognorensis, Aglyptorhynchus venablesi, Enniskillenus radiatus, Tamesichthys decipens, Hemirhabdorhynchus elliotti, Teratichthys antiquitatis, Aglyptorhynchus sulcatus, Xiphiorhynchus parvus (13299)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03USA (Alabama) Sphyraena sp. (81179 209524)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene56.0 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Sphyraena sp. (3257)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Pakistan Sphyraena sp. (79971)