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Ankhurida

Ophiuroidea

Taxonomy
Ankhurida was named by Thuy et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Ophiuroidea by Smith et al. (2025).

Subtaxa
Ophiovalida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2024Ankhurida Thuy et al.
2025Ankhurida Smith et al. p. 1154

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Asterozoa()
classOphiuroidea
—AnkhuridaThuy et al. 2024
—AnkhuridaThuy et al. 2024

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Ankhurida Thuy et al. 2024
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Unr. †Ophiovalida Thuy et al. 2024
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Infracl. Metophiurida Matsumoto 1913
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Superor. Euryophiurida O'Hara et al. 2017
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Or. Euryalida Lamarck 1816 [basket star]
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Fm. Asteronychidae Müller and Troschel 1840
Fm. Euryalidae Gray 1840
Fm. Gorgonocephalidae Ljungman 1867
Or. Ophiurida Müller and Troschel 1840
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Subor. Chilophiurina Matsumoto 1915
Infraor. Chilophiurina Matsumoto 1915
G. †Dolicharthra Berry 1938
Infraor. Gnathophiurina Matsumoto 1915
Subor. Ophiomusina O'Hara et al. 2017
G. †Ophiuricoma Valette 1929
Subor. Ophiurina Müller and Troschel 1840
G. †Plathyarthra Berry 1938
Invalid names: Acroura Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium], Laemophiurina Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Ophioderma asteriformis Picard 1887 [nomen dubium], Ophioderma bonnardi Oppel 1864 [nomen dubium], Ophiolepidina Ljungman 1867 [empty], Ophiolepis damesi Wright 1874 [nomen dubium], Ophiolepis estarensis Barbier et al. 1957 [nomen dubium], Ophiomyxina Fell 1962 [empty], Ophiurites rhaeticus Laugier 1961 [nomen dubium]
Superor. Ophintegrida O'Hara et al. 2017
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Or. Amphilepidida O'Hara et al. 2017
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Subor. Gnathophiurina Matsumoto 1915
Subor. Ophionereidina O'Hara et al. 2017
Subor. Ophiopsilina Matsumoto 1915
Or. Ophiacanthida O'Hara et al. 2017
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G. †Covidaster Smith et al. 2025
Subor. Ophiacanthina O'Hara et al. 2017
Or. Ophioleucida O'Hara et al. 2017
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G. †Triadoleucella Ishida et al. 2023
Invalid names: Ophiernidae O'Hara et al. 2018 [empty], Ophioleucidae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Or. Ophioscolecida O'Hara et al. 2017
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Fm. Ophioscolecidae Lütken 1869
G. †Suchaster Smith et al. 2025
Invalid names: Ophiohelidae Perrier 1893 [empty]
G. †Ophiosuperstes Maxwell and Pruss 2021
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†Ophiosuperstes praeparvus Maxwell and Pruss 2021
G. †Sulphaster Smith et al. 2025
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†Sulphaster odellettorum Smith et al. 2025
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: slow-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: detritivorec
Diet 2: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-29 11:30:09
Modified: 2010-02-12 01:58:57
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 410.62000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 399.5 Ma

Collections (326 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Argentina (Jachal) Argentinaster bodenbenderi (39230)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Germany Ophiurina lymani (26904)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Stephanoura belgica (38276 38277 38335)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Ophiaulax decheni, Stephanoura belgica (127756) Stephanoura belgica (127753 127755)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7Poland Aganaster jagiellonicus (64633)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Indiana) Aganaster gregarius (699 8115 8127 8132 8133) Aganaster sp. (556)
Serpukhovian330.3 - 323.4USA (Indiana) Sulphaster odellettorum, Covidaster medicus, Suchaster granulosus (276564)
Asselian298.9 - 293.52USA (Oklahoma) Ophiuraster burrisi (94603)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1USA (Kansas) Ophiuraster burrisi (94602)
Artinskian290.1 - 283.3USA (Nevada) Archaeophiomusium burrisi, Archaeophiomusium bispinosum (97421)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Venezuela (Trujillo) Archaeophiomusium andinum (95255)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4USA (Nevada) Archaeophiomusium burrisi (38745 38826 38827)
Noginskian276.8 - 264.9USA (Kansas) Ophiuraster burrisi (94604)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51China (Fujian) Aganaster fujianensis (97427) Ophioderma huaanensis (120773)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Guizhou) Syntomospina kaiyangensis (32498)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Zhejiang) Huangzhishania permotriassica (60533)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Guizhou) Ophioderma qingchangensis (32497)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5China (Zhejiang) Huangzhishania permotriassica (105220 105221)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5China (Guizhou) Ophioderma schistovertebrata (146272)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Italy Praeaplocoma sp. (61804)