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Brontotholus harmoni

Osteichthyes - Pachycephalosauridae

Taxonomy
Brontotholus harmoni was named by Woodruff et al. (2025) [The relative size of the frontoparietal indicates that Brontotholus harmoni was a large-bodied pachycephalosaurid (Fig. 1). While lacking frontoparietal autapomorphies, Brontotholus is easily diagnosable via a unique combination of characters including (Fig. 2): (i) a frontoparietal dome that is anteroposteriorly longer than laterally wide (as in Acrotholus audeti, Amtocephale gobiensis, Colepiocephale lambei, Foraminacephale brevis, Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis, Sphaerotholus edmontonensis, and Stegoceras validum; throughout ontogeny this ratio decreases); (ii) in dorsal view the dome is sub-triangular being laterally wider posteriorly and strongly tapering anteriorly (as in C. lambei and Pa. wyomingensis); (iii) in anterior and posterior view, the dome has a low dorsal profile, being over 1.5 times laterally wider than dorsoventrally thick (in the largest specimens; MOR 480 and TMP 1989.69.21; as in F. brevis, Platytholus clemensi, while quite variable in Pa. wyomingensis and Sp. buchholtzae); (iv) many of the peripheral ele�ment sutural contacts—such as the posterior supraorbital and postorbital—have a vaulted, or triangularly peaked dorsal margin (as in Ac. audeti and F. brevis, and a few of the dorsal margins of C. lambei are somewhat triangular); (v) the posterior supraorbital contacts have a prominent dorsoventral concavity (the posterior supraorbital contacts have a slight c. mid sulcus in F. brevis); (vi) several projecting dorsoventral ridges and grooves present on the sutural contacts of the posterior supraorbital and postorbital (as in Ac. audeti); (vii) the posterior parietal process is greatly antero-posteriorly reduced (as in Ac. audeti, C. lambei, F. brevis, Pa. wyomingensis, Pr. prenes, and Sp. buchholtzae), and is strongly medially tapered and triangular in posterior view (as in Ac. audeti and Sp. buchholtzae, and somewhat in F. brevis).]. Its type specimen is MOR 480, a partial skull (frontoparietal dome), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Achelousaurus type, MOR TM-060, which is in a Campanian terrestrial siltstone in the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. It is the type species of Brontotholus.

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2025Brontotholus harmoni Woodruff et al. p. 4 figs. 4-5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Ornithischia()
Neornithischia()
Pyrodontia
Cerapoda
Marginocephalia
suborderPachycephalosauria
familyPachycephalosauridae
subfamilyPachycephalosaurinae
genusBrontotholus
speciesharmoni

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Brontotholus harmoni Woodruff et al. 2025
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:52
Modified: 2004-12-14 20:50:52
Source: o = order
References: Kiessling 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range: Late/Upper Campanian or 83.60000 to 72.20000 Ma

Collections (3 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Brontotholus harmoni (162171)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Montana) Brontotholus harmoni (62541 type locality: 236765)