PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tragulina

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy

Tragulina was named by Flower (1883). It is extant.

It was reranked as the unranked clade Tragulina by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908); it was reranked as the suborder Tragulina by Colbert (1941).

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Artiodactyla by Flower (1883), Colbert (1941); to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Hassanin and Douzery (2003); and to Ruminantia by Mennecart et al. (2021).

Subtaxa

Amphimerycoidea, Hypertraguloidea, Lophiomerycidae, Tragulidae, Traguloidea

Entered

by M. Uhen on 2006-04-13

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1883	Tragulina Flower p. 184
1891	Tragulina Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1908	Tragulina Matthew p. 561
1941	Tragulina Colbert p. 21
1969	Tragulina Ferrusquia-Villafranca
2003	Tragulina Hassanin and Douzery
2021	Tragulina Mennecart et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
suborder	Ruminantia	Scopoli 1777
infraorder	Tragulina
infraorder	Tragulina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883

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Superfm. †Amphimerycoidea

Fm. †Amphimerycidae Stehlin 1910

G. †Amphimeryx Pictet 1853

†Amphimeryx murinus Cuvier 1822

†Amphimeryx riparius Aymard 1855

G. †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin 1919

†Pseudamphimeryx hantonensis Forster-Cooper 1928

†Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae Stehlin 1910

†Pseudamphimeryx renevieri Pictet and Humbert 1869

†Pseudamphimeryx salesmei Sudre 1978

†Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri Rutimeyer 1891

†Pseudamphimeryx valdensis Stehlin 1910

Superfm. †Hypertraguloidea Scott 1940

Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879

G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874

†Hypertragulus calcaratus Cope 1873

Invalid names: Hypertragulus tricostatus Cope 1874 [synonym]

†Hypertragulus chadronensis Cook 1934

†Hypertragulus crawfordensis Cook 1934

†Hypertragulus dakotensis Frick 1937

†Hypertragulus heikeni Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1969

†Hypertragulus hesperius Hay 1902

†Hypertragulus minor Frick 1937

†Hypertragulus minutus Lull 1922

†Hypertragulus planiceps Sinclair 1905

†Hypertragulus quadratus Cook 1934

†Hypertragulus sequens Cook 1934

Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]

G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922

†Nanotragulus fontanus Stock 1935

†Nanotragulus loomisi Lull 1922

Invalid names: Nanotragulus intermedius Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Nanotragulus lulli Frick 1937 [synonym]

†Nanotragulus ordinatus Matthew 1907

Invalid names: Nanotragulus albanensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Nanotragulus matthewi Cook 1934 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty], Hypisodinae [empty]

Fm. †Hypisodontidae

G. †Hypisodus Cope 1873

†Hypisodus alacer Troxell 1920

†Hypisodus ironsi Cook 1934

†Hypisodus minimus Cope 1873

†Hypisodus paululus Cook 1934

†Hypisodus retallacki Meehan and Martin 2004

†Hypisodus ringens Cope 1873

Fm. †Praetragulidae Vislobokova 2001

G. †Parvitragulus Emry 1978

†Parvitragulus priscus Emry 1978

G. †Praetragulus Vislobokova 1998

†Praetragulus electus Vislobokova 1998

†Praetragulus gobiae Matthew and Granger 1925

†Praetragulus ordosianus Wang et al. 2025

G. †Simimeryx Stock 1934

†Simimeryx hudsoni Stock 1934

†Simimeryx minutus Peterson 1934

Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987

G. †Chiyoumeryx Mennecart et al. 2021

†Chiyoumeryx flavimperatoris Mennecart et al. 2021

G. †Indomeryx Pilgrim 1928

†Indomeryx arenae Pilgrim 1928

Invalid names: Indomeryx minus Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]

†Indomeryx cotteri Pilgrim 1928

Invalid names: Indomeryx pilgrimi Métais et al. 2000 [synonym]

G. †Lophiomeryx Pomel 1853

†Lophiomeryx angarae Matthew and Granger 1925

†Lophiomeryx benarensis Gabunia 1964

†Lophiomeryx chalaniati Pomel 1853

†Lophiomeryx kargilensis Nanda and Sahni 1990

†Lophiomeryx minor Lydekker 1885

†Lophiomeryx mouchelini Brunet and Sudre 1987

†Lophiomeryx shinaoensis Miao 1982

†Lophiomeryx turgaicus Flerov 1938

†Lophiomeryx zongi Wang et al. 2025

G. †Nalameryx Métais et al. 2009

†Nalameryx savagei Nanda and Sahni 1990

†Nalameryx sulaimani Métais et al. 2009

G. †Zhailimeryx Guo et al. 2000

†Zhailimeryx jingweni Guo et al. 2000

Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]

G. †Afrotragulus Sánchez et al. 2010

†Afrotragulus moruorotensis Pickford 2001

†Afrotragulus parvus Whitworth 1958

G. †Archaeotragulus Metais et al. 2001

†Archaeotragulus krabiensis Metais et al. 2001

G. †Cryptomeryx Schlosser 1886

†Cryptomeryx decedens Stehlin 1910

†Cryptomeryx gaudryi Filhol 1877

†Cryptomeryx major Schlosser 1886

†Cryptomeryx matsoui Sudre 1984

G. †Dorcabune Pilgrim 1910

†Dorcabune anthracotherioides Pilgrim 1910

G. †Dorcatherium Kaup 1839

†Dorcatherium bulgaricus Bakalov and Nikilov 1962

†Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933

†Dorcatherium crassum Lartet 1851

†Dorcatherium guntianum von Meyer 1846

†Dorcatherium iririensis Pickford 2002

†Dorcatherium jourdani Deperet 1887

†Dorcatherium libiensis Hamilton 1973

†Dorcatherium majus Lydekker 1876

Invalid names: Merycopotamus nanus Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]

†Dorcatherium minus Lydekker 1876

†Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833

†Dorcatherium orientale Qui and Gu 1991

†Dorcatherium peneckei Hoffmann 1892

†Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958

†Dorcatherium puyhauberti Arambourg and Piveteau 1929

†Dorcatherium rodgeri Hofman 1909

†Dorcatherium vindobonense von Meyer 1846

G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845

Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]

†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837

Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]

G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845

Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]

†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837

Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]

G. †Iberomeryx Gabunia 1964

†Iberomeryx miaoi Mennecart et al. 2021

†Iberomeryx minor Filhol 1882

Invalid names: Iberomeryx matsoui Heissig 1987 [synonym], Iberomeryx minus Sudre and Blondel 1996 [synonym]

†Iberomeryx parvus Gabunia 1964

G. †Krabimeryx Metais et al. 2001

†Krabimeryx gracilis Miao 1982

†Krabimeryx primitivus Metais et al. 2001

G. Moschiola

Moschiola meminna Erxleben 1777

G. †Siamotragulus Thomas et al. 1990

†Siamotragulus bugtiensis Ginsburg 2001

†Siamotragulus haripounchai Mein and Ginsburg 1997

†Siamotragulus sanyathanai Thomas et al. 1990

†Siamotragulus songhorensis Whitworth 1958

G. †Stenomeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020

†Stenomeryx bahinensis Ducrocq et al. 2020

G. Tragulus Brisson 1762 [mouse deer]

Tragulus fulviventer Gray 1836

Tragulus javanicus Osbeck 1765 [Java mouse-deer]

Invalid names: Tragulus fuscatus Blyth 1858 [synonym]

Tragulus kanchil Raffles 1822 [lesser mouse-deer]

Tragulus meminna Erxleben 1777

Invalid names: Meminna indica Gray 1843 [synonym]

Tragulus napu Cuvier 1822 [greater mouse-deer]

Tragulus napu niasis Lyon 1916

Tragulus nigricans Thomas 1892 [Philippine mouse-deer]

Tragulus pelandoc Hamilton Smith 1827

Invalid names: Moschus javanicus Gmelin 1788 [replaced]

†Tragulus sivalensis Lydekker 1882

Tragulus stanleyanus Gray 1836

Invalid names: Meminna Gray 1836 [synonym], Tragulus malaccensis Gray 1843 [nomen nudum], Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson 1844 [nomen nudum]

G. †Yunnanotherium Han 1986

†Yunnanotherium simplex Han 1986

Invalid names: Geolocinae Schlosse 1886 [empty], Tragulinae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [empty]

Superfm. †Traguloidea

Fm. †Archaeomerycidae Simpson 1945

G. †Archaeomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925

†Archaeomeryx optatus Matthew and Granger 1925

G. †Irrawadymeryx Métais et al. 2007

†Irrawadymeryx pondaungi Métais et al. 2007

G. †Miomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925

†Miomeryx altaicus Matthew and Granger 1925

G. †Notomeryx Qiu 1978

†Notomeryx besensis Qiu 1978

Invalid names: Indomeryx youjiangensis Qiu 1978 [synonym]

†Notomeryx major Guo et al. 1999

G. †Paukkaungmeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020

†Paukkaungmeryx minutus Ducrocq et al. 2020

G. †Xinjiangmeryx Zheng 1978

†Xinjiangmeryx parvus Zheng 1978

Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886

G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855

†Gelocus communis Aymard 1846

†Gelocus gajense Pilgrim 1912

†Gelocus indicus Cooper 1915

†Gelocus laubei Schlosser 1901

†Gelocus minor Pavlov 1900

†Gelocus villebramarensis Brunet and Jehenne 1976

†Gelocus whitworthi Hamilton 1973

Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]

G. †Gobiomeryx Trofimov 1957

†Gobiomeryx dubius Trofimov 1957

†Gobiomeryx santaohoensis Wang et al. 2025

G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902

†Paragelocus laubei Schlosser 1901

†Paragelocus scotti Schlosser 1902

G. †Phaneromeryx Schlosser 1886

†Phaneromeryx geliensis Gervais 1848

Subfm. †Pseudoceratinae Frick 1937

G. †Floridameryx Webb 2008

†Floridameryx floridanus Webb 2008

†Floridameryx klausi Frick 1937

G. †Pseudoceras Frick 1937

†Pseudoceras skinneri Frick 1937

Invalid names: Pseudoceras potteri Frick 1937 [synonym], Pseudoceras wilsoni Frick 1937 [synonym]

G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902

†Pseudogelocus mongolicus Vislobokova and Daxner-Höck 2002

†Pseudogelocus suevicus Schlosser 1902

G. †Pseudomeryx Trofimov 1957

†Pseudomeryx gobiensis Trofimov 1957

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

1 kgs

Minimum body mass:

300 gs

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

grazero

Diet 2:

browsero

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 14:03:05

Modified:

2005-09-19 12:23:23

Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Legendre 1988, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Uintan to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 45.90000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.03 Ma

Collections (498 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Sharamurunian	56.0 - 37.71	China (Shanxi)	Zhailimeryx jingweni (41116)
MP 14	48.07 - 41.03	France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (184174)
Lutetian - Bartonian	48.07 - 37.71	Switzerland (Baselland)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31723)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region)	Lophiomeryx angarae, Lophiomeryx zongi (241728)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	China (Jiangsu)	Archaeomeryx sp. (37493)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	China (Nei Mongol)	Archaeomeryx optatus (174962) Archaeomeryx sp. (28786)
Uintan	45.9 - 39.7	USA (California)	Simimeryx hudsoni (16610) Simimeryx sp. (16786)
Uintan - Duchesnean	45.9 - 37.0	USA (California)	Simimeryx hudsoni (16533 16800 16801)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France (Picardie Region)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31584)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Myanmar	Indomeryx arenae (41110) Indomeryx cotteri (41179 41287 41307 180397 180398) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi (41456) Indomeryx cotteri, Indomeryx pilgrimi, Indomeryx minus (41331) Indomeryx sp. (41283) Irrawadymeryx pondaungi (41180) Paukkaungmeryx minutus, Stenomeryx bahinensis (41393)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France (Rhone-Alpes Region)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31741)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae (12840)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Spain (Aragon)	Pseudamphimeryx sp. (31633)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Switzerland	Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx valdensis (31742)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Switzerland (Canton de Vaud)	Pseudamphimeryx sp. (182607)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Switzerland (Baselland)	Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31718 31720 31721)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region)	Pseudamphimeryx renevieri (31736)
Bartonian - Rupelian	41.03 - 27.3	Mexico (Oaxaca)	Nanotragulus sp. (166797)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Utah)	Leptomeryx minutus (16852)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (California)	Hypertragulus sp. (17039) Simimeryx hudsoni (16803 16804 16805 16806 16807 16808 16809 16810 16811) Simimeryx sp. (16813)