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Xenicohippus craspedotum
Taxonomy
Hyracotherium craspedotum was named by Cope (1880). Its type specimen is AMNH 4830, a mandible (left and right mandible fragments with right M1–M3 and left P4–M1), and it is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Eohippus craspedotus by Hay (1902), Granger (1908), Hay (1930) and Stirton (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium tapirinus by Gingerich (1981); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium major by Stucky (1984); it was recombined as Xenicohippus craspedotum by Froehlich (1999) and Froehlich (2002).
It was recombined as Eohippus craspedotus by Hay (1902), Granger (1908), Hay (1930) and Stirton (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium tapirinus by Gingerich (1981); it was synonymized subjectively with Hyracotherium major by Stucky (1984); it was recombined as Xenicohippus craspedotum by Froehlich (1999) and Froehlich (2002).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1880 | Hyracotherium craspedotum Cope p. 747 |
| 1896 | Hyracotherium craspedotum Wortman |
| 1902 | Eohippus craspedotus Hay p. 609 |
| 1908 | Eohippus craspedotus Granger |
| 1930 | Eohippus craspedotus Hay |
| 1940 | Eohippus craspedotus Stirton |
| 1991 | Hyracotherium craspedotum Gingerich |
| 1999 | Xenicohippus craspedotum Froehlich |
| 2002 | Xenicohippus craspedotum Froehlich p. 173 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Xenicohippus craspedotum Cope 1880
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| D. J. Froehlich 2002 | This taxon has a total of five identified autapomorphies: P3 paraconule posterior (Character 24, 1 to 0), cristid obliqua anterior termination slightly lingual (Character 80, 2 to 1), lower molar hypolophid straight (Character 92, 1 to 0), M3 hypolophid weak (Character 104, 1 to 0), and Cuboid/Metatarsal III contact present (Character 124, 0 to 1), but lacks the diagnostic characters of more-derived Xenicohippus: P2 large and relatively blade-like (Character 68, 0 to 1), P3 > 20% smaller than M1 linear dimensions (Character 71, 0 to 1), P4 entoconid always present (Character 75, 1 to 2), and lower molar paracristid a 30° to long axis of tooth (Character 87, 1 to 2). The large size of Xenicohippus craspedotum also serves to diagnose this taxon, although size was not included as a character in this analysis. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Lostcabinian to the top of the Bridgerian or 55.80000 to 46.20000 Ma
Collections (12 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Hyracotherium craspedotum (15997) Xenicohippus craspedotum (15999) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Colorado) | Hyracotherium craspedotum (15293) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | Hyracotherium craspedotum (15935) Xenicohippus craspedotum (186931 186934 186950) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Hyracotherium craspedotum (15690) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Orohippus major (16081 16201 16224) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Orohippus major (16202) |