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Sipalocyon gracilis

Mammalia - Sparassodonta

Taxonomy
Sipalocyon gracilis was named by Ameghino (1887) [Title: Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Pataconia austral y depositados en el Museo La Plata]. Its type specimen is MACN 647, a mandible (fragment of right mandibular ramus with alveoli of i1-3, root of c, alveoli of p1, p2-m2 complete), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina. It is the type species of Sipalocyon.

Synonyms
  • Protoproviverra manzaniana was named by Ameghino (1891) [Title: Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles por Carlos Ameghino del eoceno de la Patagonia austral]. Its type specimen is MACN 691 through 703, a partial skeleton (left and right mandibular ramus with teeth (691), left maxilla and premaxilla with teeth (692), fragmentary postcrania (693-703)), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Shehuén, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was recombined as Amphiproviverra manzaniana by Ameghino (1892), Ameghino (1894) and Lydekker (1894); it was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1981).
  • Protoviverra manzaniana was named by Ameghino (1891) [Title: Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral].

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978).
  • Perathereutes amputans was named by Ameghino (1891) [title: Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral]. Its type specimen is MACN 682, a mandible (fragment of right mandibular ramus with alveoli of c-p2, roots of p3m, m1-2 complete but worn, anterior half and posterior root of m3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Perathereutes obtusus was named by Ameghino (1891) [title: los monos fosiles del Eoceno de la Republica Argentina]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978).
  • Hathliacynus lynchi was named by Mercerat (1891) [Caracteres diagnósticos de algunas especies de Creodonta conservadas en el Museo de La Plata]. Its type specimen is MLP 11-7, a mandible (fragment of left mandibular ramus with m1-4 complete), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Barrancas del Río Santa Cruz, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978), Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Thylacodictis exilis was named by Mercerat (1891) [title: Caracteres diagnosticos de algunas especies de Creodonta conservadas en el Museo de La Plata]. Its type specimen is MLP 11-12, a mandible (fragment of right mandibular ramus with alveolus of c, roots of p1-3, m1 complete, and anterior half of m2), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Monte León, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Ameghino (1894), Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Amphiproviverra minuta was named by Ameghino (1894) [title: Enumeracion synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formaciones eocenes de Patagonie]. Its type specimen is MACN 685, a tooth (part of an isolated left M2 with proto-, para-, and metacones, but lacking metastylar region), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Sipalocyon curtus was named by Ameghino (1894) [title: Enumeracion synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formaciones eocenes de Patagonie]. Its type specimen is MACN 5960 through 5962, a partial skeleton (fragment of right mandibular ramus with c, posterior half of p1, p2 complete, and anterior root of p3 (5960); tooth fragments (5961); caudal vertebra (5962); al), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Yegua Quemada, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Sipalocyon mixtus was named by Ameghino (1894) [title: Enumeracion synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formaciones eocenes de Patagonie]. Its type specimen is MACN 5963, a mandible (fragment of right mandibular ramus with roots of c, p1, p3, and m2, and with p2, m1, and m3 complete), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is La Cueva, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Amphiproviverra crassa was named by Ameghino (1894) [According to Marshall (1981, ref. 58306), these are the only specimens labeled as _Amphiproviverra crassa_, although they are not labeled as types. The two specimens are of different individuals but they are both _Sipalocyon gracilis_.]. Its type specimen is MACN 5957 and 5958, a partial skull (left mandibular ramus with roots of p1, p2-3 complete, m1-3 broken, m4 complete (5957); left maxillary fragment with P1-M4 complete (5958); not associated), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Puesto Estancia La Costa, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial claystone/sandstone in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Sipalocyon altiramis was named by Ameghino (1894) [title: Enumeracion synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formaciones eocenes de Patagonie]. Its type specimen is MACN 5964, a mandible (right mandibular ramus with p1-m4 complete), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is La Cueva, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
  • Sipalocyon longus was named by Ameghino (1894) [title: Enumeracion synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formaciones eocenes de Patagonie]. Its type specimen is MACN 5965, a mandible (right mandibular ramus with alveolus of c, roots of p1 and m4, and p2-m3 complete), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is La Cueva, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Sipalocyon gracilis by Marshall (1978) and Marshall (1981).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino p. 8
1891Protoproviverra manzaniana Ameghino p. 26
1891Perathereutes amputans Ameghino p. 27
1891Perathereutes obtusus Ameghino p. 27
1891Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino p. 29
1891Protoviverra manzaniana Ameghino p. 312
1891Hathliacynus lynchi Mercerat p. 53
1891Thylacodictis exilis Mercerat p. 54
1892Amphiproviverra manzaniana Ameghino
1894Amphiproviverra manzaniana Ameghino p. 133
1894Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino p. 137
1894Amphiproviverra minuta Ameghino p. 390
1894Amphiproviverra crassa Ameghino p. 394
1894Sipalocyon curtus Ameghino p. 394
1894Sipalocyon mixtus Ameghino p. 394
1894Sipalocyon altiramis Ameghino p. 395
1894Sipalocyon longus Ameghino p. 395
1894Amphiproviverra manzaniana Lydekker p. 269
1978Sipalocyon gracilis Marshall
1981Sipalocyon gracilis Marshall

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
subclassMetatheria()
—Marsupialiformes
orderSparassodonta()
subfamilyHathlyacininae()
genusSipalocyonAmeghino 1887
speciesgracilisAmeghino 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Sipalocyon gracilis Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Amphiproviverra crassa Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Amphiproviverra minuta Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Hathliacynus lynchi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Perathereutes amputans Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Perathereutes obtusus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Protoproviverra manzaniana Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Protoviverra manzaniana Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Sipalocyon altiramis Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Sipalocyon curtus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Sipalocyon longus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Sipalocyon mixtus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Thylacodictis exilis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1.93 kgs
Minimum body mass: 1.93 kgs
Body mass estimate: 1.93 kg
Body mass source: publisheds
Environment: terrestrialsubo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2013-04-14 01:19:41
Modified: 2013-04-13 10:19:41
Source: s = species, subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Clemens 1979, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Lillegraven 1979, Goin 1997, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Santacrucian to the top of the Early/Lower Miocene or 17.50000 to 15.97000 Ma

Collections (22 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Argentina (Chubut) Sipalocyon gracilis (236575)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Argentina (Santa Cruz) Protoproviverra manzaniana, Sipalocyon gracilis (176594) Sipalocyon gracilis (27313 87314 176569 176581 176582 176585 176590 176599 176602 210637 210638 210786 210787) Sipalocyon gracilis, Amphiproviverra crassa (142533) Sipalocyon gracilis, Hathliacynus lynchi (176593) Sipalocyon gracilis, Perathereutes amputans, Perathereutes obtusus, Amphiproviverra minuta (type locality: 176570) Sipalocyon gracilis, Sipalocyon curtus (176566) Sipalocyon gracilis, Sipalocyon mixtus, Sipalocyon altiramis, Sipalocyon longus (176565) Sipalocyon gracilis, Thylacodictis exilis (176563)
Friasian16.3 - 15.5Chile (Aisén) Sipalocyon gracilis (139845)