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Archaeolithothamnium

Florideophyceae - Corallinales - Corallinophycidae

Taxonomy

Archaeolithothamnium was named by Rothpletz (1891).

It was corrected as Sporolithon by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Moussavian and Kuss (1990), Rasser (1994), Bassi (1998), Rasser and Piller (1999), Stockar (2000), Misra et al. (2001), Mirsa et al. (2002), Rasser and Nebelsick (2003), Kishore and Singh (2004), Misra et al. (2006), Misra et al. (2006), Mirsa et al. (2006), Jauhri et al. (2006), Kroeger (2007), Schneider and Wynne (2007), Hamad (2008), Singh et al. (2009), Misra et al. (2009), Iryu et al. (2009), Gale (2009), Vannucci et al. (2010), Singh et al. (2010), Le Gall et al. (2010), Kundal (2011), Misra et al. (2011), Sarkar et al. (2011), Leszczynski et al. (2012), Chaurpagar et al. (2012), Kundal et al. (2013), Ghosh and Sarkar (2013), Kishore et al. (2015), Hrabovsky et al. (2016), Tripalo (2017), Sarkar (2017), Kishore et al. (2017), Bucek and Kohler (2017), Sarkar and Rao (2018), Humblet et al. (2019), Roozpeykar et al. (2019), Hrabovsky et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Corallinaceae by Andrews (1970), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Moussavian and Kuss (1990), Squires and Demetrion (1992), Rasser (1994); to Corallinales by Bryan et al. (1997); to Sporolithales by Le Gall et al. (2010); to Solenoporaceae by Kishore et al. (2015); to Sporolithoideae by Chaurpagar et al. (2012), Tripalo (2017); and to Sporolithaceae by Bassi (1998), Rasser and Piller (1999), Stockar (2000), Misra et al. (2001), Mirsa et al. (2002), Rasser and Nebelsick (2003), Kishore and Singh (2004), Misra et al. (2006), Misra et al. (2006), Mirsa et al. (2006), Jauhri et al. (2006), Kroeger (2007), Schneider and Wynne (2007), Hamad (2008), Singh et al. (2009), Misra et al. (2009), Iryu et al. (2009), Gale (2009), Vannucci et al. (2010), Singh et al. (2010), Kundal (2011), Misra et al. (2011), Sarkar et al. (2011), Leszczynski et al. (2012), Kundal et al. (2013), Ghosh and Sarkar (2013), Hrabovsky et al. (2016), Sarkar (2017), Kishore et al. (2017), Bucek and Kohler (2017), Sarkar and Rao (2018), Humblet et al. (2019), Roozpeykar et al. (2019), Hrabovsky et al. (2021).

Species

A. archisporangia, A. batalleri, A. hemchandrae, A. intermedium, A. langrinensis, A. nonsteinensis, A. nummuliticum, A. oulianovi, A. parisiense, A. perplexum, A. pondicherriensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

A. affine, A. amphiroaeforme, A. batuense, A. cretaceum, A. cyrenaicum, A. ellipticum, A. erythraeum, A. fijiense, A. gosaviense, A. hippuritorum, A. johnsoni, A. lauensum, A. liberum, A. penicillum, A. provinciale, A. samanensis, A. statiellense, A. taiwanense, A. taiwanensis

Synonyms

Archaeolithothamnion was named by Foslie (1898). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Sporolithon by Schneider and Wynne (2007).

It was assigned to Melobesieae by Johnson (1945); and to Sporolithaceae by Johnson and Stewart (1953).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Archaeolithothamnium Rothpletz
1898	Archaeolithothamnion Foslie
1945	Archaeolithothamnion Johnson figs. Table 1
1953	Archaeolithothamnion Johnson and Stewart
1970	Archaeolithothamnium Andrews
1976	Sporolithon Lakhanpal et al.
1990	Sporolithon Moussavian and Kuss
1992	Archaeolithothamnium Squires and Demetrion p. 12
1994	Sporolithon Rasser p. 198
1997	Archaeolithothamnium Bryan et al.
1998	Sporolithon Bassi
1999	Sporolithon Rasser and Piller p. 72
2000	Sporolithon Stockar p. 413
2001	Sporolithon Misra et al. p. 318
2002	Sporolithon Mirsa et al.
2003	Sporolithon Rasser and Nebelsick
2004	Sporolithon Kishore and Singh p. 2
2006	Sporolithon Jauhri et al.
2006	Sporolithon Mirsa et al.
2006	Sporolithon Misra et al.
2007	Sporolithon Kroeger p. 12
2007	Sporolithon Schneider and Wynne
2008	Sporolithon Hamad p. 87
2009	Sporolithon Gale p. 97
2009	Sporolithon Iryu et al. figs. Table 1
2009	Sporolithon Misra et al. p. 327
2009	Sporolithon Singh et al. p. 21
2010	Sporolithon Le Gall et al. p. 304 fig. 1
2010	Sporolithon Singh et al.
2010	Sporolithon Vannucci et al. p. 224
2011	Sporolithon Kundal
2011	Sporolithon Misra et al. p. 357
2011	Sporolithon Sarkar et al.
2012	Sporolithon Chaurpagar et al.
2012	Sporolithon Leszczynski et al. p. 374
2013	Sporolithon Ghosh and Sarkar
2013	Sporolithon Kundal et al.
2015	Sporolithon Kishore et al. p. 62
2016	Sporolithon Hrabovsky et al. p. 502
2017	Sporolithon Bucek and Kohler
2017	Sporolithon Kishore et al. p. 213
2017	Sporolithon Sarkar p. 16
2017	Sporolithon Tripalo p. 21
2018	Sporolithon Sarkar and Rao
2019	Sporolithon Humblet et al. figs. Table 1
2019	Sporolithon Roozpeykar et al. p. 1606
2021	Sporolithon Hrabovsky et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Plantae
subkingdom	Rhodoplantae	Saunders and Hommersand 2004
phylum	Rhodophyta	Wettstein 1922
subphylum	Eurhodophytina

Rank	Name	Author
class	Florideophyceae	Cronquist 1960
family	Corallinophycidae	()
order	Corallinales	Silva and Johansen 1986
genus	Archaeolithothamnium	Rothpletz 1891

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Archaeolithothamnium Rothpletz 1891

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†Archaeolithothamnium archisporangia Rao 1943

Archaeolithothamnium batalleri Lemoine 1928

†Archaeolithothamnium hemchandrae Rao 1943

Archaeolithothamnium intermedium Raineri 1924

†Archaeolithothamnium langrinensis Rao 1943

†Archaeolithothamnium nonsteinensis Rao 1943

Archaeolithothamnium nummuliticum Gümbel 1861

Archaeolithothamnium oulianovi Pfender 1926

Archaeolithothamnium parisiense Gümbel 1871

†Archaeolithothamnium perplexum Johnson 1964

†Archaeolithothamnium pondicherriensis Sastry et al. 1963

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Hauterivian to the top of the Holocene or 132.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma

Collections (182 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Hauterivian	132.6 - 125.77	Spain	A. rude (34748)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	Portugal	A. sp. (73204)
Barremian	125.77 - 121.4	France	A. rude (149337)
Barremian - Aptian	125.77 - 113.2	Austria	A. sp. (74610)
Late/Upper Barremian - Aptian	125.77 - 113.2	Romania	A. rude (148826)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	France	A. amphiroaeforme (149809) A. rude (148421)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	Romania	A. rude (146992 147054 147061 147062 147063 147064 147065 147066 147067 147068)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	France	A. rude (148420 148654) A. rude, A. amphiroaeforme (149810)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	Hungary	A. rude (149157 149158 149159)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Spain	A. sp. (23537)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France	A. lycoperdioide (148599 148600 148606 148607 148608 148609 148610 148616)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France	A. lycoperdioide (148596 148597 148598 148601 148602 148603 148604 148605 148611 148612 148613 148614 148615)
Senonian	100.5 - 66.0	India	A. nongsteinensis, A. rude, A. sp., A. parisiense (155339)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Tunisia	A. sp. (161143)
Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	Austria	A. sp. (156228)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Spain	A. rude (79728)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Austria	A. sp. (24265 24266)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Italy	A. rude, A. gosaviense, A. cretaceum, A. provinciale, A. anastomosans, A. digitatum, A. brevium, A. penicillum, A. batalleri (149307)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Greece	A. gosaviense (143451)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Germany	A. gosaviense (74484) A. sp. (74482 74483 74485 74486)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France	A. rude, A. provinciale, A. lycoperdioide, A. gosaviense (148656) A. sp. (67011)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Romania	A. gosaviense, A. hippuritorum, A. provinciale, A. rude, A. turonicum, A. sp. (147177)
Santonian - Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Slovakia	A. sp. (88191 88271)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Spain	A. sp. (31572)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (California)	A. sp. (176363)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Slovakia	A. sp. (88186)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	France	A. amphiroaeforme, A. cretaceum, A. ellipticum, A. lycoperdioide (149309) A. amphiroaeforme, A. gosaviense (149310) A. gosaviense (145809)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Slovenia	A. sp. (79285)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Poland (Lesser Poland Voivodeship)	A. sp. (215834)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	France	A. perplexum (22970)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	India (Tamil Nadu)	A. saipanens, A. zonatum, A. pondicherriensis (221514) A. samanensis (224696)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Austria (Salzburg)	A. sp. (87003)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Austria (Niederösterreich)	A. sp. (87002)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.24	China (Tibet)	A. sp. (215939 215941 215947 215948)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	France	A. gunteri (149308) A. gunteri, A. nongsteinensis (149311)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Croatia	A. sp. (87251)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Iraq	A. batalleri, A. parisiense, A. nummuliticum (138227) A. nummuliticum (138276) A. perplexum (138277) A. perplexum, A. oulianovi (138275)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Slovakia (Presov)	A. sp. (216381)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	Türkiye (Trabzon)	A. sp. (215864)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	Türkiye (Sivas)	A. sp. (215863)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	A. sp. (34652 215785)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	Slovakia	A. mamillosum (88272) A. sp. (88185)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	Türkiye	A. johnsoni, A. sp. (155376) A. sp. (155377)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	India (Meghalaya)	A. sp. (214602)
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene	59.24 - 48.07	Poland (Malopolskie)	A. sp., A. varima, A. nummuliticum (216226)
Thanetian - Ypresian	59.24 - 48.07	Iraq (Nineveh)	A. sp. (215883 215884)
Thanetian - Ypresian	59.24 - 48.07	Pakistan (Dera Ismail Khan)	A. sp. (214820)
Thanetian - Ypresian	59.24 - 48.07	India (Meghalaya)	A. sp. (215015 215016 215017 215018 215020)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	India (Meghalaya)	A. hemchandrae, A. nonsteinensis (224695)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Pakistan	A. zonatum, A. lakiensis, A. nammalensis (147459)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Greece	A. johnsoni (143453)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	A. sp. (5495 5496 5507)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Morocco	A. sp. (76990 76991 77117)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Egypt (Red Sea Governate)	A. sp. (215930)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Spain	A. sp. (77001)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Iraq (Kurdistan)	A. dollonii (215075 215076 215077 215078)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	Iraq (Sulaymaniyah)	A. sp. (215164)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	France	A. nummuliticum (149312 149313)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Japan	A. chamorrosum, A. fosteri, A. affine, A. parisiense, A. nummuliticum (143494) A. fosteri (143497) A. fosteri, A. affine, A. nummuliticum (143495) A. fosteri, A. affine, A. parisiense, A. nummuliticum (143510) A. fosteri, A. liberum, A. affine, A. parisiense, A. nummuliticum (143511) A. fosteri, A. nummuliticum (143504) A. nummuliticum (143496 143512)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Spain (Cataluna)	A. affine (76987)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	USA (Florida)	A. dalloni, A. floridanum, A. gunteri, A. sp., A. parisiense (147699)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene	48.07 - 33.9	Greece	A. dallonii, A. nummuliticum (143318)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Guam	A. saipanense (150007 150008 150009)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Germany (Bavaria)	A. nummuliticum (10963) A. nummuliticum, A. oulianovi (10703)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Italy (Vicenza)	A. sp. (69701)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	USA (Georgia)	A. sp. (90567)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Italy	A. sp. (70053)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Italy	A. oulianovii (36242 36253 36254) A. statiellense, A. varium (36248) A. varium (36251)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Mexico (Chiapas)	A. sp. (31271)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Guam	A. lauense (150001 150002 150003)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Guam	A. taiwanensis (150005)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Egypt	A. sp. (147617 147619)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Australia (Western Australia)	A. sp. (34466)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Lebanon	A. cyrenaicum (147452) A. lauense, A. batuense (147451) A. taiwanense (147450)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Poland	A. intermedium (149167) A. lvovicum, A. sp. (70539) A. lvovicum, A. sp., A. intermedium (149161)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Japan	A. megamiensis (70064)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.63	Italy	A. lauensum (148862)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Israel	A. fijiense (143280) A. sp. A (143289) A. sp. B (143290)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Spain	A. sp. (70514)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Malta	A. affine (141544 141551) A. affine, A. intermedium (141543) A. intermedium (140979)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Egypt	A. erythraeum (147632 147638 147640 147641 147642)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Egypt	A. erythraeum (147648 147650)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mauritius	A. sp. (81015)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	French Polynesia	A. sp. (97468)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	India	A. sp. (76319)