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Fraxinus (ash)
Taxonomy
Fraxinus was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant.
It was assigned to Oleaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
It was assigned to Oleaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
Species
F. abbreviata, F. americana, F. brownellii, F. denticulata, F. eocenica, F. excelsior, F. heerii, F. herendeenensis, F. integrifolia, F. johnstrupi, F. libbeyi (syn. Ostrya betuloides), F. mespilifolia, F. myricaefolia, F. nigra, F. oligocenica, F. oregonensis (syn. F. integrifolia), F. ornus, F. palaeophila, F. praedicta, F. quadrangulata, F. richmondensis, F. ungeri, F. wilcoxiana, F. wrightii, F. yubaensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
F. agassiziana, F. alcorni, F. brevialata, F. caudata, F. coulteri, F. dayana, F. desatoyana, F. eastgatensis, F. eocinica, F. flexifolia, F. floribunda, F. japonica, F. juglandina, F. kyamadae, F. leii, F. microcarpa, F. millsiana, F. miyataensis, F. mohavensis, F. rupinarum, F. sanzugawaensis, F. stenocarpa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Fraxinus Linnaeus p. 1057 |
| 1899 | Fraxinus Knowlton |
| 1919 | Fraxinus Knowlton |
| 1941 | Fraxinus MacGinitie |
| 1976 | Fraxinus Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1991 | Fraxinus Chauhan |
| 1996 | Fraxinus Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Fraxinus Mabberley |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Fraxinus Linnaeus 1753 [ash]
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†Fraxinus abbreviata Lesquereux 1883
Fraxinus americana Linnaeus 1753
†Fraxinus brownellii Lesquereux 1878
†Fraxinus denticulata Heer 1868
†Fraxinus eocenica Lesquereux 1878
Fraxinus excelsior Linnaeus 1753
†Fraxinus heerii Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus herendeenensis Knowlton 1894
Fraxinus integrifolia Moench 1785
†Fraxinus johnstrupi Heer 1878
†Fraxinus mespilifolia Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus myricaefolia Lesquereux 1883
Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1785
†Fraxinus oligocenica Suzuki 1982
†Fraxinus oregonensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Fraxinus integrifolia Newberry 1882 [replaced]
Fraxinus ornus Linnaeus 1753
†Fraxinus palaeophila Cockerell 1908
†Fraxinus praedicta Heer 1859
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michaux 1803
†Fraxinus richmondensis Berry 1909
†Fraxinus ungeri Lesquereux 1883
†Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry 1916
†Fraxinus wrightii Knowlton 1899
†Fraxinus yubaensis MacGinitie 1941
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (84 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus leii (34971) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus denticulata (35576) Fraxinus leii (34921 34922 34969 34970) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus eocenica (40139 40775 52928) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Fraxinus eocenica (40746 53535) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Colorado) | Fraxinus eocenica (39899 40061 53016) | |
| Paleocene | USA (North Dakota) | Fraxinus eocenica (58083) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Aichi) | Fraxinus sp. (22819) | |
| Tiffanian | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus eocinica (11331) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus eocenica (11374 11375 11386) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Colorado) | Fraxinus eocenica (53070) | |
| Eocene | USA (Washington) | Fraxinus yubaensis (10643) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Fraxinus yubaensis (23998) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Fraxinus wrightii (24087) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | China (Liaoning) | Fraxinus juglandina, Fraxinus rupinarum (223815) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Washington) | Fraxinus yubaensis (22935 22997) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Japan (Fukuoka) | Fraxinus oligocenica (224520) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Fraxinus sp. (35221) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | Fraxinus sp. (31643) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Idaho) | Fraxinus stenocarpa (27569) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Fraxinus coulteri (35921) | |
| Miocene - Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Fraxinus brevialata (23975) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Fraxinus flexifolia, Fraxinus rupinarum (23973) | |
| Miocene | USA (Idaho) | Fraxinus coulteri (35278) | |
| Miocene | Switzerland (Zürich) | Fraxinus sp. (46324) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Fraxinus sp. (22796) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Fraxinus dayana, Fraxinus microcarpa (223803) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Nevada) | Fraxinus coulteri (27702) Fraxinus coulteri, Fraxinus millsiana (27701) Fraxinus desatoyana, Fraxinus eastgatensis (27179) | |
| Hemingfordian - Barstovian | USA (California) | Fraxinus mohavensis (19206) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | Fraxinus alcorni (27660) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Fraxinus coulteri (23401) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Fraxinus caudata (27700) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | Japan (Hirakata) | Fraxinus kyamadae (22739) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Fraxinus sp. (187324) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Fraxinus agassiziana (27514) Fraxinus praedicta (27377 27379) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Fraxinus sp. (27064) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Nevada) | Fraxinus alcorni (27659 27661) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Gunma) | Fraxinus miyataensis (22755) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Fraxinus sanzugawaensis, Fraxinus sp. (21258) Fraxinus sp. (21265) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Tennessee) | Fraxinus sp. (26574) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Fraxinus floribunda (224402) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Tokyo) | Fraxinus japonica (224546) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Fraxinus sp. (50524) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Fraxinus sp. (61887) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Fraxinus sp. (224612 224715) Fraxinus sp., Fraxinus excelsior (224614) | |
| Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Fraxinus sp. (50522) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Fraxinus sp. (228772) | |
| Pleistocene | North Atlantic | Fraxinus excelsior (262420 264291) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | North Atlantic | Fraxinus excelsior (264727 264943) | |
| Quaternary | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Fraxinus sp. (228778) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Fraxinus sp. (228760 228761) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | Fraxinus sp. (104698) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto) | Fraxinus sp. (224408) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Fraxinus sp. (63269 63397) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Fraxinus sp. (228780) | |
| Holocene | USA (Michigan) | Fraxinus sp. (63402) | |
| Holocene | Japan (Kyoto city) | Fraxinus sp. (168083) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Fraxinus sp. (228762 228773 228784) | |
| Holocene | North Atlantic | Fraxinus excelsior (264380) |