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Zingiberales

Angiospermae - Zingiberales

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1919Zingiberales Knowlton
2000Zingiberales Mabberley
2008Zingiberales Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016Zingiberales The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—Monocots
orderZingiberales
orderZingiberales

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. †Cannaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Canna Linnaeus 1753
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Canna angustifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Canna eocenica Berry 1916
Canna glauca Linnaeus 1753
Canna indica Linnaeus 1753
Canna juncea Linnaeus 1753
†Canna magnifolia Knowlton 1917
G. †Cannaites Trivedi and Verma 1971
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†Cannaites intertrappea Trivedi and Verma 1971
Fm. Costaceae Nakai 1941
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G. Hellenia Retzius 1791
G. Ensete Bruce 1862
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†Ensete goldianum Lesquereux 1878
†Ensete oregonense Manchester and Kress 1993
Fm. Marantaceae Brown 1814 [arrowroot]
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G. Alpinia Linnaeus 1753 [Shell ginger]
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Alpinia racemosa Linnaeus 1753
†Alpinia siwalica Prasad et al. 2004
G. Clinogyne Salisbury
G. Donax Loureiro 1790
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†Donax kasauliensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008
†Donax ovatus Awasthi and Prasad 1990
G. Phrynium Willdenow 1797
Fm. †Musaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. †Haastia Ettingshausen 1887
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†Haastia speciosa Ettingshausen 1887
G. Heliconia Linnaeus 1771 [lobster-claw]
G. †Heliconiaites Trivedi and Verma 1972
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†Heliconiaites mohgaonensis Trivedi and Verma 1972
G. Musa Linnaeus 1758
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†Musa cardiospermum Jain 1964
†Musa eocenica Ettinghausen and Gardner 1879
G. †Musocaulon Jain 1964
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†Musocaulon indicum Jain 1964
G. †Musophyllum Göppert 1854
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†Musophyllum complicatum Lesquereux 1874
†Musophyllum indicum Prakash et al. 1979
†Musophyllum truncatum Goeppert 1854
Invalid names: Musostrobocaulon Varadpande 1985 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Zingiberaceae Martinov 1820
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G. Adelmeria Ridley 1909
G. †Amomocarpum Brongniart 1828
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†Amomocarpum affine Sahni 1938
†Amomocarpum depressum Brongniart 1828
†Amomocarpum sulcatum Sahni 1934
G. †Amomophyllum Watelet 1866
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†Amomophyllum tenua Watelet 1866
G. Amomum Linnaeus 1758 [cardamom]
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Amomum cardamom Linnaeus 1753
Amomum granaparadisi Linnaeus 1753
Amomum zerumbet Linnaeus 1753
Amomum zingiber Linnaeus 1753
G. Boesenbergia Kuntze 1891
G. †Spirematospermum Chandler 1925
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G. †Zingiberites Heer 1859
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†Zingiberites dubius Lesquereux 1878
G. †Zingiberoideophyllum Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
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†Zingiberoideophyllum liblarense Kraeusel and Weyland 1954
G. †Zingiberopsis Hickey 1977
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†Zingiberopsis isonervosa Hickey 1977
Invalid names: Heliconiaceae Vines 1895 [empty], Lowiaceae Ridley 1924 [empty], Strelitziaceae Hutch. 1934 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Piacenzian or 83.60000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma

Collections (169 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (North Carolina) Spirematospermum chandlerae (28410)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Mexico) Canna magnifolia (24180)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Zingiberopsis attenuata (48223 48232 48262 48290)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Canna magnifolia (34921)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Zingiberopsis magnifolia (96781)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Colorado) Zingiberites dubius (39899)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Madhya Pradesh) Musocaulon indicum, Cannaites intertrappea, Heliconiaites mohgaonensis, Canna sp., Musa cardiospermum, Heliconia sp., Musophyllum indicum, Musostrobocaulon indicum (224606)
Tertiary - Late/Upper Miocene66.0 - 5.333Venezuela (Trujillo) Heliconia elegans (32005)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia Z. CJ49 (134747) Z. CJ65 (134748)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (North Dakota) Musophyllum complicatum (10808)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Wyoming) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (11377 11382 11386 28650 28673 28682 28684 28688) Zingiberopsis isonervosa, Musophyllum complicatum (11372)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07China (Xizang) Phrynium tibeticum (224023)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Canada (British Columbia) Musophyllum complicatum (227797)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Wyoming) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (11393)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Musa eocenica (22811)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Washington) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (10643)
Graybullian54.9 - 50.5USA (Wyoming) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (11336 11337 11338 11339 11342 11343 11350 11357 11360 11363 11364 11370 11398 11436 11463 11473 11474 11489 11493 11496 11506)
Lostcabinian54.9 - 50.5USA (Wyoming) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (11319 11344 11479 11480 11481 11484)
Wasatchian54.9 - 50.5USA (North Dakota) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (10802)
Wasatchian54.9 - 50.5USA (Wyoming) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (11390 28700 28702 28706 28709 28715 28716 28717 28720 28721 28722 28731 28735 28736 28738 28739 28740 28741 28742 28743)
Bridgerian50.5 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Z. GR513 (28745)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (Wyoming) Musophyllum complicatum (24089)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (Oregon) Ensete oregonense (21220)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Oregon) Ensete oregonense (31715)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Spirematospermum headonense (27663)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Washington) Zingiberopsis isonervosa (22901 22934 22965)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3USA (Oregon) Zingiberopsis sp. (35236)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation (Tiumensky) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22846 22849)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation (Sverdlovsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22844)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04Germany (Saxony) Spirematospermum wetzleri (24922 24925 24978 24979 24982 24983 24987 24988 25001 25002 25581 25591)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04Russian Federation (Tomsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (23901 23905)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04United Kingdom (England) Spirematospermum wetzleri (27665)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Russian Federation (Tomsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22888 22889 23114 23663 23669 23782 23888 23891) Spirematospermum wezleri (23673)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany (Sachsen) Spirematospermum wetzleri (26750)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Russian Federation (Omsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (23894)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Russian Federation (Tomsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (23906)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Venezuela (Trujillo) Heliconia elegans (31280)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Costa Rica Heliconia sp. (31313)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.04 - 5.333Cuba (Matanzas) Heliconia sp. (32044)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Montana) Canna flaccidafolia (23973)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Nepal Donax kasauliensis (222898)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Nepal Clinogyne ovatus (222975)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Trinidad and Tobago Heliconia elegans (34145 34148)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany (Bayern) Spirematospermum wetzleri (28280 28281 28282)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Germany (Saxen) Spirematospermum wetzleri (23674)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Germany (Brandenburg) Spirematospermum wetzleri (23060 23685 23686)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63Germany (Brandenburg) Spirematospermum wetzleri (27548 27552)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Germany (Brandenburg) Spirematospermum wetzleri (27516)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Russian Federation (Tomsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (24081)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63India (Uttarakhand) Alpinia siwalica, Clinogyne ovatus (222797) Donax ovatus (224496)
MN 613.82 - 12.75Portugal (Santarém) Spirematospermum wetzleri (38137)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Germany (Brandenburg) Alpinia bivascularis (23050 23056 23058) Alpinia bivascularis, Alpinia arnensis (23054) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22896 22899 22928 23025 23042 23045 23348 23355 23610 23611 23618 23661 23666 27011)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Germany (Saxen) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22897)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Germany (Brandenburg) Spirematospermum wetzleri (27064)
Late/Upper Miocene - Middle Miocene11.63 - 11.63Russian Federation (Omsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (24093)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Russian Federation (Omsk) Spirematospermum wetzleri (24098 24317 24320 24321) Spirematospermum wezleri (24286 24287)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Germany (North Rhine Westphalia) Spirematospermum wetzleri (27918)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Germany (North Rhine) Spirematospermum wetzleri (28113 28133)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Bolivia Heliconia tertiaria (32043)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Germany (Thuringia) Spirematospermum wetzleri (22781)