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Buxaceae (boxwood)
Taxonomy
Buxaceae was named by Dumortier (1822). It is extant.
It was assigned to Dicotyledoneae by Ozaki (1974); to Eudicots by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Buxales by Mabberley (2000), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), Huang et al. (2018), Vera et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Dicotyledoneae by Ozaki (1974); to Eudicots by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Buxales by Mabberley (2000), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), Huang et al. (2018), Vera et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1822 | Buxaceae Dumortier |
| 1974 | Buxaceae Ozaki |
| 2000 | Buxaceae Mabberley |
| 2002 | Haptanthaceae Nelson |
| 2008 | Buxaceae Taylor et al. p. 1029 |
| 2016 | Buxaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group pp. 6, 16 |
| 2018 | Buxaceae Huang et al. |
| 2022 | Buxaceae Vera et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Buxaceae Dumortier 1822 [boxwood]
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G. Buxus Linnaeus 1753 [boxwood]
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†Buxus egeriana Kvaček and Bužek 1982
†Buxus ningmingensis Ma and Sun 2015
Buxus papillosa Schneider 1907
†Buxus pliocenica Saporta and Marion 1876
†Buxus pliosinica Huang et al. 2018
†Buxus preaustroyunnanensis Ma and Sun 2015
†Buxus protojaponica Tanai and Onoe 1961
Buxus sempervirens Linnaeus 1753
Buxus wallichiana Baillon 1859
G. †Erdtmanipollis Krutzsch 1962
G. Sarcococca Lindley 1826 [sweet box]
Invalid names: Haptanthaceae Nelson 2002 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016 | In Buxales, we broaden the limits of Buxaceae to include Haptanthaceae (Buxaceae already included Didymelaceae in APG III, 2009). Shipunov & Shipunova (2011) found that Haptanthus Goldberg & C.Nelson was embedded in Buxaceae, possibly sister to Buxus L., so its inclusion in that family is indicated |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Villafranchian or 83.60000 to 1.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma
Collections (51 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (22659 36264 55352) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (Montana) | Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (73891) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (52072) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Alaska) | Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (51889) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Erdtmanipollis cretaceus (234420 234421 234573 234574 234585 234587 234588 234599 234600 234616 234618 234619 234620) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Alaska) | Erdtmanipollis spp. (238299 238301 238303 238304) | |
| Danian | Canada (Manitoba) | Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (232096) | |
| Danian | USA (North Dakota) | Erdtmanipollis cretaceus (234594 234610 234624) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Alaska) | Erdtmanipollis sp. (238374) Erdtmanipollis spp. (238288) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Erdtmanipollis pachysandroides (227994) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Buxus egeriana (68021) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | Buxaceae indet. (116623) | |
| Miocene | China (Zhejiang) | Buxus protojaponica (224041) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Gifu) | Buxus protojaponica (222791) | |
| Miocene | China (Hebei) | Buxus sempervirens (223818) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Buxus protojaponica (22796) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Buxus sempervirens (28442) Buxus sp. (28443) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | Japan (Hirakata) | Buxus protojaponica (22744) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Japan (Kouwa-cho) | Buxus japonica (22827) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Buxus sp. (232125 232126 232144) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Buxus pliosinica (224479) | |
| Villafranchian | Slovakia | Buxus sp. (41029) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Buxus papillosa, Buxus wallichiana (224612) Buxus sempervirens, Buxus papillosa, Buxus wallichiana (224613) | |
| Quaternary | India (Tamil Nadu) | Buxus sp. (228792) Sarcococca sp. (228848) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Buxus sp. (228760 228761) |