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Acanthaceae (acanthus)
Taxonomy
Acanthaceae was named by de Jussieu (1789). It is extant.
It was assigned to Scrophulariales by Mabberley (2000); and to Lamiales by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Scrophulariales by Mabberley (2000); and to Lamiales by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Subtaxa
Acanthaceoxylon, Acanthus, Adhatoda, Aphelandra, Asyslassa, Blepharis, Bravaisia, Chamaeranthemum, Dicliptera, Dipteracanthus, Eranthemum, Hygrophila, Hypoestes, Justicia, Lepidagathis, Peristrophe, Phlogacanthus, Pseuderanthemum, Pseudocalyx, Rostellularia, Rungia, Strobilanthes, Tessmanniacanthus, Vavara, Xerothamnella
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1789 | Acanthaceae de Jussieu |
| 1970 | Acanthaceoxylon Chitaley and Patil |
| 2000 | Acanthaceae Mabberley |
| 2016 | Acanthaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 20 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Acanthaceae de Jussieu 1789 [acanthus]
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G. Acanthus Linnaeus 1753
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Acanthus ilicifolius Linnaeus 1753
Acanthus maderaspatensis Linnaeus 1753
Acanthus mollis Linnaeus 1753
Acanthus spinosus Linnaeus 1753
G. Adhatoda Ness
G. Aphelandra Brown 1810
G. Asyslassa Blume
G. Blepharis de Jussieu 1789
G. Bravaisia Candolle 1838
G. Chamaeranthemum Nees 1836
G. Dicliptera Jussieu 1807
G. Dipteracanthus Nees
G. Hygrophila Brown 1810 [swampweed]
G. Hypoestes Brown 1810
G. Justicia Linnaeus 1753 [water-willow]
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Justicia adhatoda Linnaeus 1753
Justicia betonica Linnaeus 1753
Justicia chinensis Linnaeus 1753
Justicia ecbolium Linnaeus 1753
Justicia echioides Linnaeus 1753
Justicia hyssopifolia Linnaeus 1753
Justicia nasuta Linnaeus 1753
Justicia procumbens Linnaeus 1753
Justicia purpurea Linnaeus 1753
Justicia repens Linnaeus 1753
Justicia sexangularis Linnaeus 1753
G. Lepidagathis Willdenow 1800
G. Peristrophe Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Phlogacanthus Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer 1883
G. Pseudocalyx Radlkofer 1883
G. Rostellularia Reichenbach 1837
G. Rungia Nees von Esenbeck 1832
G. Tessmanniacanthus Mildbraed 1926
G. Vavara Benoist 2021
G. Xerothamnella White 1944
Invalid names: Acanthaceoxylon Chitaley and Patil 1970 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Holocene or 37.71000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (39 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Acanthaceoxylon mohgaonse, Acanthus sp. (224606) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Acanthus sp. (27663) | |
| Serravallian | Kenya | Acanthaceae indet. (22312) | |
| Pliocene - Calabrian | Tanzania | Acanthaceae indet., Hypoestes sp., Justicia anselliana (22335) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Tanzania | Justicia anselliana (21975) | |
| Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Acanthaceae indet. (22117) | |
| Quaternary | India (West Bengal) | Acanthus ilicifolius, Justicia sp., Dipteracanthus sp. (228793) Acanthus sp., Dipteracanthus sp. (228794 228795) Dipteracanthus sp. (228821) | |
| Quaternary | India (Assam) | Justicia sp., Rungia sp. (228817) Strobilanthes sp. (228816) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Acanthaceae indet., Justicia simplex, Justicia sp., Lepidagathis sp., Peristrophe sp., Strobilanthes sp. (228761) Acanthaceae indet., Justicia sp. (228776) Justicia simplex, Strobilanthes sp. (228760) | |
| Quaternary | India (Sikkim) | Strobilanthes sp. (228779) | |
| Quaternary | India (Rajasthan) | Acanthaceae indet. (228789) Acanthaceae indet., Justicia sp. (228785) Justicia sp., Blepharis sp., Lepidagathis sp., Peristrophe sp. (228811) | |
| Quaternary | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Justicia sp. (228882) | |
| Quaternary | India (Gujarat) | Justicia sp. (228786) | |
| Quaternary | India (Tamil Nadu) | Acanthaceae indet., Justicia simplex, Strobilanthes sp. (228792) Justicia sp., Strobilanthes asper, Strobilanthes sp., Strobilanthes pulneyensis (228848) Justicia sp., Strobilanthes asper, Strobilanthes wightianus, Strobilanthes sp., Strobilanthes pulneyensis (228849) | |
| Quaternary | India (Uttarakhand) | Hygrophila sp., Adhatoda sp., Eranthemum sp., Lepidagathis sp., Phlogacanthus sp. (228809) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania | Justicia anselliana, Justicia odora (22337) Justicia odora (22629) | |
| Calabrian - Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Acanthaceae indet. (22072) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Strobilanthes sp. (228764 228780) | |
| Holocene | India (Tamil Nadu) | Strobilanthes sp. (228788) | |
| Holocene | India (Gujarat) | Acanthaceae indet. (228791) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Justicia sp., Strobilanthes sp. (228762 228773) Strobilanthes sp. (228763) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Justicia sp. (228820) | |
| Holocene | India (West Bengal) | Acanthus sp. (228796 228797) | |
| Holocene | India (Rajasthan) | Justicia sp. (228790) |