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Equisetales
Taxonomy
Equisetales was named by Dumortier (1829) [Author and name made up to test system]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Equisetophyta by Upchurch et al. (1994); to Pteridophyta by Knowlton (1919), Ash (1999); to Sphenopsida by Jain and Delevoryas (1967), Hickey (1977), Holmes (1982), Lapasha and Miller (1985), Chatterjee et al. (2013); to Equisetidae by I (2016); and to Equisetopsida by Jud (2011), Procopio Rodríguez et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Equisetophyta by Upchurch et al. (1994); to Pteridophyta by Knowlton (1919), Ash (1999); to Sphenopsida by Jain and Delevoryas (1967), Hickey (1977), Holmes (1982), Lapasha and Miller (1985), Chatterjee et al. (2013); to Equisetidae by I (2016); and to Equisetopsida by Jud (2011), Procopio Rodríguez et al. (2024).
Subtaxa
Angaroradix, Annularia (syn. Trochophyllum, Rotularia), Annulariopsis, Annulina, Archaeocalamitaceae, Barakaria, Borisiella, Calamitaceae, Corynophyllites, Equisetaceae, Equisetophyton, Manchurostachys, Neokoretrophyllites, Notocalamites, Oncylogonatum, Phyllostachya, Phyllothecaceae, Protannularia, Protocalamostachys, Pseudoannularia, Pseudoasterophyllites, Pseudolobatannularia, Raniganjia, Schizoneuropsis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Equisetales Dumortier p. 66 |
| 1919 | Equisetales Knowlton |
| 1967 | Equisetales Jain and Delevoryas |
| 1977 | Equisetales Hickey |
| 1982 | Equisetales Holmes |
| 1985 | Equisetales Lapasha and Miller |
| 1994 | Equisetales Upchurch et al. |
| 1999 | Equisetales Ash |
| 2011 | Equisetales Jud |
| 2013 | Equisetales Chatterjee et al. |
| 2016 | Equisetales I |
| 2024 | Equisetales Procopio Rodríguez et al. pp. 305-306 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Equisetales Dumortier 1829
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G. †Annularia Sternberg 1821
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†Annularia spinulosa Sternberg 1821
Invalid names: Rotularia Sternberg 1825 [synonym], Trochophyllum Wood 1861 [objective synonym]
G. †Annulariopsis Zeiller 1903
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†Annulariopsis bunkeiensis Kobatake 1954
†Annulariopsis inopinata Zeiller 1903
G. †Annulina Neuberg 1954
Fm. †Calamitaceae
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G. †Arthrodendron Seward 1898
G. †Asterophyllites Brongniart 1828
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†Asterophyllites charaeformis Goeppert 1844
†Asterophyllites radiatus Brongniart 1822
Invalid names: Schlotheimia Sternberg 1822 [synonym]
G. †Calamites Suckow 1784
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†Calamites aliwalensis Anderson and Anderson 1985
†Calamites goepperti Ettingshausen 1854
†Calamites radiatus Brongniart 1828
†Calamites suckowii Brongniart 1828
†Calamites undulatus Sternberg 1825
G. †Nematophyllites Miller 1892
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†Nematophyllites angustus Fontaine and White 1880
Invalid names: Nematophyllum Fontaine and White 1880 [replaced]
G. †Neocalamites Halle 1908
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†Neocalamites foxii Lele 1955
†Neocalamites hoerensis Schimper 1908
†Neocalamites knowltoni Berry 1912
†Neocalamites virginiensis Fontaine 1883
Fm. Equisetaceae De Candolle 1804
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G. †Equicalastrobus Grauvogel-Stamm and Ash 1999
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†Equicalastrobus glabratus Procopio Rodríguez et al. 2024
G. †Equisetites Sternberg 1833
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†Equisetites conicus Sternberg 1833
†Equisetites keuperina Morton 1863
†Equisetites mougeoti Brongniart 1828
†Equisetites pusillus Villar de Seoane 2005
G. Equisetum Linnaeus 1753 [horsetail]
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†Equisetum abiquiense Fontaine 1890
†Equisetum arcticum Heer 1866
Equisetum arvense Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum burchardti Dunker 1846
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Invalid names: Equisetum marylandicum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Equisetum virginicum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Equisetum canaliculatum Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum cascadensis Lapasha and Miller 1985
†Equisetum collieri Knowlton 1914
†Equisetum columnare Brongniart 1828
†Equisetum deciduum Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum florissantense Cockerell 1915
Equisetum fluviatile Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum globulosum Lesquereux 1882
†Equisetum haguei Knowlton 1899
†Equisetum haydenii Lesquereux 1871
†Equisetum knowltoni Fontaine 1890
†Equisetum laevigatum Braun 1867
†Equisetum lesquereuxii Knowlton 1898
†Equisetum lyellii Mantell
†Equisetum magnum Hickey 1977
†Equisetum meriani Brongniart 1828
†Equisetum mokhotlongensis Ellenberger 1970
†Equisetum montanense Fontaine 1898
†Equisetum muensteri Sternberg 1833
†Equisetum newberryi Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Equisetum robustum Newberry 1863 [replaced]
†Equisetum parlatorii Heer 1855
†Equisetum perlaevigatum Cockerell 1889
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Invalid names: Equisetum laevigatum Lesquereux 1873 [synonym]
†Equisetum phillipsii Dunker 1843
†Equisetum rajmahalense Oldham and Morris 1863
†Equisetum robustum Braun 1844
†Equisetum rogersii Bunbury 1851
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Invalid names: Calamites arenaceus Emmons 1856 [synonym], Calamites disjunctus Emmons 1856 [synonym], Equisetum arundiniforme Rogers 1843 [synonym], Equisetum columnaroides Emmons 1856 [synonym], Phytolithus striaticulmis Martin 1809 [synonym]
Equisetum scirpoides Michaux 1803
†Equisetum similkamense Dawson 1878
Equisetum sylvaticum Linnaeus 1753
†Equisetum texense Fontaine 1893
†Equisetum wyomingense Lesquereux 1873
G. †Schizoneura Schimper and Mougeot 1844
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†Schizoneura gondwanensis Feistmantel 1879
†Schizoneura paradoxa Schimper and Mougeot 1844
†Schizoneura planicostata Rogers 1843
†Schizoneura raniganjense Banerjee 1972
†Schizoneura wardii Zeiller 1902
Fm. †Phyllothecaceae
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G. †Lelstotheca Maheshwari 1972
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†Lelstotheca robusta Feistmantel 1880
†Lelstotheca striata Maheshwari and Srivastava 1986
Invalid names: Stellotheca Surange and Prakash 1962 [replaced]
G. †Phyllotheca Brongniart 1828
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†Phyllotheca ampla Surange and Kulkarni 1968
†Phyllotheca australis Brongniart 1828
†Phyllotheca crassa Maithy 1969
†Phyllotheca grandis Rasskazova 1961
†Phyllotheca griesbachii Zeiller 1902
†Phyllotheca indica Bunbury 1861
†Phyllotheca sahnii Saksena 1952
†Phyllotheca stenophylloides Zalessky 1939
†Phyllotheca verbitskae Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites stenophylloides Verbitskaja 1968 [replaced]
G. †Pseudolobatannularia Kobatake 1954
G. †Raniganjia Rigby 1963
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†Raniganjia bengalensis Feistmantel 1876
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Invalid names: Actinopteris indica Srivastava 1955 [synonym]
†Raniganjia etheridgei Arber 1905
†Raniganjia ivinii Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Annularia ivinii Walkom 1941 [replaced], Umbellaphyllites ivinii Rigby 1966 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Famennian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 372.15000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.86 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.86 Ma
Collections (1889 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Devonian | USA (Alaska) | Pseudobornia ursina (22893 22894) | |
| Famennian | USA (Indiana) | Protocalamites dorfii (21033 21034) | |
| Tournaisian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Protocalamites sp., Protocalamostachys sp. (10673) Protocalamostachys sp. (36224) | |
| Mississippian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Asterophyllites acicularis, Asterophyllites parvulus, Asterophyllites sp., Calamites suckowi, Calamites sp., Calamostachys sp., Annularia sphenophylloides, Annularia stellata, Annularia latifolia (12421) Calamites transitionis (13089) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Kentucky) | Calamites sp., Calamostachys binneyana, Equisetum arvense (13593) | |
| Mississippian | USA (West Virginia) | Asterophyllites longifolius, Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Asterophyllites charaeformis, Calamostachys sp., Mesocalamites sp., Mesocalamites cistii, Mesocalamites suckowii, Annularia radiata, Calamites radiatus (12694) Mesocalamites sp. (13015 13016) | |
| Mississippian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Calamites cistii, Calamites undulatus (13094) | |
| Mississippian | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Calamites sp. (28015 28018 28020 28021) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Georgia) | Calamites sp. (12698) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Utah) | Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Asterophyllites longifolius, Asterophyllites charaeformis, Calamostachys sp., Calamites cistiiformis, Calamites hesperius (11209) | |
| Mississippian | France | Pothocites sp. (10659) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Missouri) | Calamites ramosus artis, Annularia stellata, Annularia sphenophylloides (12122) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Illinois) | Asterophyllites longifolius, Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Calamostachys andanensis, Mesocalamites cistiiformis, Annularia vernensis, Annularia asteris (13511) | |
| Mississippian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Asterophyllites sp. (224624) | |
| Carboniferous - Desmoinesian | USA (Missouri) | Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Calamites carinatus, Calamites cistii, Calamites cruciatus, Calamites suckowii, Calamostachys paniculata, Calamostachys tuberculata, Annularia acicularis, Annularia galioides, Annularia sphenophylloides, Annularia stellata (11196) | |
| Carboniferous | USA (Georgia) | Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Asterophyllites charaeformis, Calamites cistiiformis, Calamites sp., Annularia asteris, Annularia radiata (12700) Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Asterophyllites charaeformis, Calamites sp., Annularia asteris, Annularia radiata (12697) | |
| Carboniferous | USA (Illinois) | Annularia cuspidata (24651) Calamites sp. (11210) Calamites sp., Calamites rectangularis, Calamostachys americana, Arthropitys communis (13595) Calamites suckowii (12919) | |
| Carboniferous | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Calamites suckovii, Calamites cistii, Calamites dubius, Calamites gigas, Annularia sphenophylloides, Annularia longifolia, Calamodendron approximatum (13146) Asterophyllites foliosa, Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites trinervis, Calamites ramosus, Calamites voltzii, Calamites novascotica, Calamites nodosus, Equisetites curta, Pinnularia capillacea (13145) | |
| Carboniferous | USA (Alabama) | Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites longifolius, Calamites cisti, Calamites suckowi (28991 31030) Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites longifolius, Calamites cisti, Calamites suckowi, Annularia radiata (28985 31028 31029 31031 31034) Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites longifolius, Calamites cisti, Calamites suckowi, Annularia radiata, Annularia sphenophylloides (28992 31032 31033 31035) Asterophyllites grandis, Asterophyllites longifolius, Calamites suckowi, Annularia radiata (28990) Asterophyllites grandis, Calamites cisti, Annularia sphenophylloides (28982) Asterophyllites grandis, Calamites cisti, Calamites suckowi, Annularia radiata, Annularia sphenophylloides (28984 28987 28988) Calamites cisti, Calamites suckowi, Annularia radiata (28989) | |
| Carboniferous | USA (Texas) | Calamites sp. (11173) | |