Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Pinophyta (conifer)

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Satyrites incertus Daudet p. 423 figs. Pl 17, figs 1-4
1919Gymnospermae Knowlton
1941Gymnospermae MacGinitie
1977Gymnospermae Hickey
1981Coniferoovulites Yawale and Karanjekar
1983Pinophyta Hueber p. 271
1989Gymnospermae Shoshani et al. p. 434
1996Pinophyta Reveal p. 70
2001Pinophyta Doweld

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
RankNameAuthor
phylumPinophyta
phylumPinophyta

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ph. Pinophyta Reveal 1996 [conifer]
show all | hide all
G. †Condylites Thiselton-Dyer 1872
+
†Condylites squamatus Thistleton-Dyer 1872
G. †Masculostrobus Seward 1911
+
†Masculostrobus cordiformis Grauvogel-Stamm 1969
†Masculostrobus denticulatus Grauvogel-Stamm 1969
†Masculostrobus ligulatus Grauvogel-Stamm 1969
†Masculostrobus rhomboidalis Grauvogel-Stamm 1969
†Masculostrobus zeilleri Seward 1911
G. †Palaeocyparis Saporta 1872
+
†Palaeocyparis expansus Sternberg 1823
Cl. Pinopsida Burnett 1833
+
G. †Araucariocaulon Lignier 1907
+
G. †Araucariophloios Lignier 1907
+
+
+
G. †Cordaitanthus Feistmantel 1876
+
†Cordaitanthus communis Feistmantel 1876
G. †Gothania Hirmer 1933
+
†Gothania westfalica Hirmer 1933
G. †Mitrospermum Arber 1910
+
†Mitrospermum compressum Williamson 1910
G. †Nucellangium Andrews, Jr. 1949
+
†Nucellangium glabrum Andrews, Jr. 1949
G. †Cordaites Unger 1850
+
†Cordaites borassifolia Sternberg 1822
†Cordaites hislopi Bunbury 1878
†Cordaites spatulata Dana 1849
+
Invalid names: Noeggerathiopsis densinervis Maithy 1965 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pychnophyllum Brongniart 1849 [objective synonym]
G. †Nephropsis Zalessky 1912
+
†Nephropsis integerrima Schmalhausen 1879
G. †Eoglyptostrobus Miki 1964
+
G. †Feistmantelia Ward 1899
+
†Feistmantelia oblonga Ward 1899
†Feistmantelia virginica Fontaine 1905
G. †Pennsylvanioxylon Vogellehner 1965
+
†Pennsylvanioxylon validum Cohen and Delevoryas 1959
Or. Pinales Gorozhankin 1904
+
G. †Amydrostrobus Harris 1935
+
G. †Bartholinodendron Florin 1958
+
Fm. Cephalotaxaceae Neger 1907
+
G. †Thomasiocladus Florin 1958
+
†Thomasiocladus zamioides Leckenby 1864
G. †Frenelites Endlicher 1847
+
†Frenelites recurvatus Bowerbank 1840
G. †Glenrosa Watson and Fisher 1984
G. †Gomphostrobus Marion 1890
+
G. †Heidiphyllum Retallack 1981
+
†Heidiphyllum elongatum Morris 1845
G. †Hoegisporis Cookson 1961
+
†Hoegisporis uniforma Cookson 1961
G. †Juniperites Brongniart 1828
+
†Juniperites alienus Sternberg 1825
G. †Pandanocarpum Brongniart 1828
Fm. Pinaceae Rudolphi 1830
+
G. †Abiespollenites Raatz 1938
+
†Abiespollenites kashmirensis Thiergart and Frantz 1962
Subfm. Abietoideae Bercht and Presl
+
G. Abies Miller 1754 [fir]
G. Keteleeria Carrière 1866
G. Pseudolarix Gordon and Glendinning 1858
G. Tsuga Carrière 1855
G. †Archaeolarix Teslenko 1970
+
†Archaeolarix argunensis Teslenko 1970
G. †Cedroxylon Kraus 1870
+
†Cedroxylon hermanni Schenk 1882
†Cedroxylon withami Lindley and Hutton 1832
G. Cedrus Trew 1757 [cedar]
+
Cedrus deodara Roxburgh 1824
†Cedrus leei Fontaine 1905
G. †Colchidia Kolakovskii and Schakryl 1968
+
†Colchidia angustissima Kolakovskii and Schakryl 1968
G. †Eathiestrobus Rothwell et al. 2012
+
†Eathiestrobus mackenziei Rothwell et al. 2012
G. †Indostrobus Sahni 1931
+
G. †Megalomyelon Cribbs 1940
+
†Megalomyelon myriodesmon Cribbs 1940
G. †Midoriphyllum Stockey and Wiebe 2008
G. †Nansenia Sveshnikova and Budantsev 1967
+
†Nansenia arctica Sveshnikova and Budantsev 1967
G. †Obirastrobus Ohsawa et al. 1992
G. †Piceapollenites Potonié
+
†Piceapollenites naeransus Mathur and Mathur 1969
G. †Piceoxylon Gothan 1906
+
†Piceoxylon pseudotsugae Gothan 1906
G. †Pinicutis Schneider 1969
+
†Pinicutis hexacytica Schneider 1969
Subfm. Pinoideae Linnaeus
+
G. Cathaya Chun and Kuang 1962
G. Larix Miller 1768 [larch]
G. Picea Dietrich 1824 [spruce]
G. Pseudotsuga Carrière 1867
G. †Pinoxylon Knowlton 1900
G. Pinus Linnaeus 1753 [pine]
+
†Pinus andraei Coemans 1867
†Pinus anthraciticus Dawson 1892
†Pinus armstrongi Heer 1868
Pinus attenuata Lemmon 1892
†Pinus bathursti Heer 1868
†Pinus bowerbanki Carruthers 1878
Pinus canadensis Linnaeus 1763
Pinus caribaea Morelet 1855
†Pinus columbiana Penhallow 1907
†Pinus conoides Perkins 1904
†Pinus cuneatus Perkins 1904
†Pinus delicatulus Berry 1904
†Pinus dixoni Gardner 1890
Pinus echinata Miller 1768
†Pinus florissanti Lesquereux 1883
†Pinus fordi Chandler 1978
†Pinus gracilistrobus Knowlton 1899
†Pinus granulatum Heer 1883
†Pinus hambachi Kirchner 1898
†Pinus iddingsi Knowlton 1899
†Pinus lardyana Heer 1855
†Pinus lindgreni Knowlton 1901
†Pinus lundgreni Nathorst 1878
†Pinus macclurii Heer 1868
†Pinus macrocephala Lindley and Hutton 1834
†Pinus macrolepis Knowlton 1899
Pinus massoniana Lambert 1803
†Pinus mattewanensis Berry 1903
†Pinus miocenica Tanai 1961
†Pinus nanfengensis Wang et al. 2017
†Pinus nordenskioeldi Heer 1876
†Pinus peregrinus Hickey 1977
†Pinus prekesiya Xing et al. 2010
†Pinus prelambertiana Axelrod 1958
†Pinus premurrayana Knowlton 1899
†Pinus prestwichi Gardner 1884
†Pinus protoscleropitys Holden 1913
†Pinus quenstedti Heer 1869
†Pinus quinquefolia Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
Pinus radiata Don 1837
†Pinus raritanensis Berry 1910
Pinus rigida Miller 1768
Pinus roxburghii Sargent 1897 [chir pine]
†Pinus scituatensiformis Bailey 1911
†Pinus shastensis Fontaine 1905
†Pinus sheppyensis Ettinghausen and Gardner 1879
†Pinus steenstrupiana Heer 1908
Pinus strobus Linnaeus 1753
†Pinus sturgisi Cockerell 1908
†Pinus susquaensis Dawson 1882
Pinus taeda Linnaeus 1753
†Pinus tetraphylla Jeffrey 1908
†Pinus triphylla Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Pinus trunculus Dawson 1888
†Pinus tulameenensis Penhallow 1908
†Pinus uniseriata Wang et al. 2017
†Pinus vernonensis Ward 1905
+
Invalid names: Pinus schista Ward 1905 [synonym]
†Pinus vulcaniamniensis Ellenberger 1970
Pinus wallichiana Jackson 1938 [blue pine]
†Pinus wardii Knowlton 1899
†Pinus wheeleri Cockerell 1908
G. †Pinuspollenites Raatz 1938
+
†Pinuspollenites entomophilus Krassilov 1982
†Pinuspollenites globosaccus Filatoff 1975
G. †Pityosporites Seward 1914
+
†Pityosporites potoniaei Lakhanpal et al. 1959
†Pityosporites sewardii Virkki 1946
G. †Pityostrobus Dutt 1916
+
†Pityostrobus beardii Smith and Stockey 2002
†Pityostrobus californiensis Smith and Stockey 2001
†Pityostrobus macrocephalus Lindley and Hutton 1916
G. †Pseudoaraucaria Fliche 1896
+
G. †Pseudolaricixylon Khudaiberdyev 1958
+
†Pseudolaricixylon firmoides Khudaiberdyev 1958
G. †Protolarix Saporta 1876
Fm. Sciadopityaceae Luerssen 1877
+
G. †Sciadopitophyllum Christophel 1973
+
†Sciadopitophyllum canadense Christophel 1973
G. †Sciadopitycutis Schneider 1969
+
G. Sciadopitys Siebold and Zuccarini 1842
G. †Striaestrobus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1926
+
†Striaestrobus bohemicus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1926
G. †Striatotaxus Bock 1969
+
†Striatotaxus longifolia Emmons 1856
Fm. Taxaceae Gray 1822 [yew]
+
Subfm. †Abietineae
+
G. †Abietineaepollenites Delcourt and Sprumont 1955
G. †Elatides Heer 1876
G. †Laricopsis Fontaine 1889
G. †Paracedroxylon Sinnott 1909
G. †Pinites Lindley and Hutton 1831
G. †Pityoxylon Kraus 1870
G. †Prepinus Jeffrey 1908
G. †Takliostrobus Sahni 1931
G. Amentotaxus Pilger 1917 [catkin-yew]
Subfm. †Cupressineae
+
G. †Cupressites Brongniart 1828
G. †Moriconia Debey and Ettingshausen 1859
G. †Paracupressinoxylon Holden 1913
G. †Thuyoxylum Unger 1842
G. †Florinia Sveshnikova 1967
+
†Florinia vilujensis Sveshnikova 1967
G. †Palaeocladus Ettingshausen 1886
+
†Palaeocladus cuneiformis Ettingshausen 1886
+
G. †Nageiopsis Fontaine 1889
G. †Palissya Endlicher 1847
G. †Podocarpites Andra 1855
G. †Striatopodocarpites Sedova 1956
G. †Taxaceoxylon Kraeusel and Jain 1964
+
†Taxaceoxylon intertrappeanum Mahabale and Satyanarayana 1978
†Taxaceoxylon kateruense Mahabale and Rao 1973
†Taxaceoxylon rajmahalense Bhardwaj 1964
Subfm. Taxeae
+
G. †Cephalotaxopsis Fontaine 1889
G. †Cephalotaxospermum Berry 1910
G. Cephalotaxus Siebold and Zuccarini 1842
G. †Protophyllocladus Berry 1903
G. †Taxites Brongniart 1828
G. Tumion Rafinesque 1840
Subfm. Taxodieae
+
G. †Athrotaxopsis Fontaine 1889
G. †Cunninghamites Presl 1838
G. †Cyparissidium Heer 1874
G. †Geinitzia Endlicher 1847
+
Invalid names: Sedites Geinitz 1842 [synonym]
G. †Inolepis Heer 1874
G. †Pseudogeinitzia Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
G. †Sphenolepidium Heer 1881
G. Taxus Linnaeus 1753 [yew]
+
Taxus baccata Linnaeus 1753
†Taxus qinghaiensis Guo 1980
G. †Torellia Heer 1870
+
†Torellia rigida Heer 1870
G. Torreya Arnott 1838
+
Torreya jackii Chun 1925
G. †Vesquia Bertrand 1883
+
†Vesquia tournaissi Bertrand 1883
Fm. Taxodiaceae Saporta 1865
+
G. †Austrosequoia Peters and Christophel 1978
+
†Austrosequoia tasmanica Hill et al. 1993
G. †Cryptomeriopsis Stopes and Fujii 1910
+
†Cryptomeriopsis antiqua Stopes and Fujii 1910
G. †Cunninghamiostrobus Stopes and Fujii 1910
+
†Cunninghamiostrobus yabariensis Stopes and Fujii 1910
G. †Cupressacites Bolkhovitina 1956
+
†Cupressacites ramchandrae Srivastava 1966
G. †Diceras Velenovsky 1889
+
†Diceras cenomanicus Velenovsky 1889
G. †Dichandrium Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
+
†Dichandrium cretaceum Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
G. †Enormicutis Schneider 1969
+
†Enormicutis amplicavata Schneider 1969
G. †Ephedropsis Velenovsky and Viniklar 1926
+
†Ephedropsis strobilifera Velenovsky and Viniklar 1926
G. †Farndalea Bose 1955
+
†Farndalea fragilis Bose 1955
G. †Hillistrobus Chandler 1966
+
†Hillistrobus axelrodi Chandler 1966
G. †Margeriella Page 1973
+
†Margeriella cretacea Page 1973
G. †Otakauia Pole 1995
G. †Parataxodium Arnold and Lowther 1955
+
†Parataxodium wigginsii Arnold and Lowther 1955
G. †Protosequoia Miki 1969
+
G. †Sciadopityoxylon Schmalhausen 1879
+
†Sciadopityoxylon vestuta Schmalhausen 1879
G. †Sciadopitytes Goeppert and Menge 1883
+
†Sciadopitytes linearis Goeppert and Menge 1883
G. †Sequodium Nikitin 1965
+
†Sequodium langsdorfii Nikitin 1965
G. †Sequoioxylon Yasui 1928
+
†Sequoioxylon hondoense Yasui 1928
G. †Sewardiodendron Florin 1958
+
†Sewardiodendron laxum Phillips 1875
G. †Sphenolepis Agassiz 1843
+
†Sphenolepis kurriana Dunker 1846
+
Invalid names: Glyptostrobus fastigiatus Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sphenolepidium parceramosum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sphenolepidium virginicum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Taxodium denticulatum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Taxodium expansum Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Stenomischus Harris 1935
+
†Stenomischus athrous Harris 1935
G. †Taiwanioxylon Khuraiberdyev 1958
+
†Taiwanioxylon krasheninnikovii Jarmolenko 1958
G. †Tollia Sveshnikova and Budantsev 1969
+
†Tollia cunninghamioides Sveshnikova and Budantsev 1969
G. †Turkestanioxylon Khudayberdyev 1971
+
†Turkestanioxylon metasequoianum Khudayberdyev 1971
G. †Trioolepis Zeiller 1903
+
†Trioolepis leclerei Zeiller 1903
G. †Widdringtonites Endlicher 1847
+
†Widdringtonites ramosus Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Glyptostrobus brookensis Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Widdringtonites reichii Ettingshausen 1867
†Widdringtonites ungeri Endlicher 1847
+
Invalid names: Juniperites baccifera Unger 1843 [replaced]
G. †Xenoxylon Gothan 1905
+
†Xenoxylon latiporosum Cramer 1868
Invalid names: Buriadiaceae [empty], Cycadocarpidiaceae [empty], Lebachiaceae [empty]
Invalid names: Coniferopsida [synonym], Phyllocladaceae [empty]
Cl. Taxopsida Lotsy 1909
+
G. †Marskea Florin 1958
+
†Marskea thomasiana Florin 1958
G. †Tomharrisia Florin 1958
+
†Tomharrisia ramosa Florin 1958
Cl. †Voltziopsida Doweld 2001
+
Or. †Voltziales Andreanszky 1954
+
G. †Moyliostrobus Miller and Brown 1973
+
†Moyliostrobus taxanum Miller and Brown 1973
G. †Pseudovoltzia Florin 1927
+
†Pseudovoltzia liebeana Geinitz 1880
G. †Rotundolepis Bock 1969
+
Fm. †Voltziaceae Arnold 1947
+
G. †Telemachus Anderson 1978
+
†Telemachus elongatus Anderson 1978
†Telemachus lignosus Retallack 1981
G. †Voltzia Brongniart 1828
+
†Voltzia brevifolia Brongniart 1828
†Voltzia coburgensis Schauroth 1852
†Voltzia heterophylla Brongniart 1828
†Voltzia recubariensis Schenk 1868
Invalid names: Bartheliaceae [empty], Emporiaceae [empty], Thucydiaceae [empty], Ullmanniaceae [empty], Utrechtiaceae [empty]
Invalid names: Ferugliocladales Doweld 2001 [empty], Palissyales Doweld 2001 [empty], Ullmanniales Doweld 2001 [empty]
Invalid names: Coniferae de Jussieu [synonym], Gymnospermae [replaced], Podocarpopsida Doweld and Reveal 1999 [empty], Satyrites incertus Daudet 1876 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Oandu to the top of the Holocene or 452.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 451.8 Ma

Collections (4741 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleozoic - Triassic538.8 - 201.4Chile (Ovalle) Heidiphyllum sp. (222433)
Oandu452.8 - 451.8Russian Federation (Leningrad oblast) Circulina nuda (235821)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Lepidostrobus gallowayi (14221)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86China (Jiangsu) Lepidostrobus grabaui (209613)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86Canada (Quebec) Cordaites angustifolia (21237) Sternbergia sp., Lepidostrobus sp. (21231)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86USA (Kentucky) Lepidostrobus fisheri (21177) Lepidostrobus kentuckiensis (20976 21032 21168)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Archaeosperma arnoldii (14224 28310)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7United Kingdom (Scotland) Mitrospermum bulbosum (10657)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Kentucky) Cordaites felicis, Mitrospermum compressum (13593)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (West Virginia) Cordaites sp. (12694)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4France Lepidostrobus sp. (10659)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4Canada (New Brunswick) Cordaites borassifolia, Cardiocarpum tenellum (13089) Cordaites robbii, Cordaites principalis, Sternbergia sp. (12421)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4France (Roannis) Lepidostrobus sp. (10660)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4Canada (Nova Scotia) Cordaites borassifolia (13094)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Illinois) Cordaites principalis, Samaropsis sp. (13511)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Missouri) Cordaites communis, Cordaites costatus (12122)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Utah) Cordaites principalis, Cordaites Sp. A, Cordaites Sp. B, Cornucarpus longicaudatus, Lepidostrobus obovatus, Lepidostrobus variabilis (11209)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Georgia) Cordaites sp. (12698)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4France (Montagne Noire) Lepidostrobus brownii, Lepidostrobus delagei (10663)
Carboniferous - Desmoinesian358.86 - 306.0USA (Missouri) Cordaites crassinervis, Cordaites principalis, Artisia transversa (11196)