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Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus
Taxonomy
Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus was named by Godefroit et al. (1999). Its type specimen is IMM 96BM3/1, a skeleton (skull and articulated postcrania with in situ cervical half rings), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is SBDE Quarry 96BM3, Bayan Mandahu, which is in a Campanian eolian sandstone in the Bayan Mandahu Formation of China. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1999 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. p. 20 figs. 3-4 |
| 2001 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Carpenter p. 457 |
| 2004 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Vickaryous et al. p. 364 |
| 2007 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour p. 41A |
| 2007 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Lü et al. p. 887 |
| 2008 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. p. 432 |
| 2009 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Parsons and Parsons p. 735 |
| 2010 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Longrich et al. p. 955 |
| 2011 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Burns and Sullivan p. 175 |
| 2013 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour and Currie p. 28 |
| 2013 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Leahey and Salisbury p. 251 |
| 2014 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour et al. p. 11 fig. 6 |
| 2014 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour et al. p. 641 |
| 2014 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11 |
| 2014 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Penkalski p. 618 |
| 2016 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour and Currie p. 411–412 |
| 2016 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Kineer et al. p. 76 |
| 2017 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Arbour and Mallon p. 771 |
| 2020 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Czepiński p. 490 |
| 2021 | Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Park et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. 1999
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie 2016 | Differs from all other ankylosaurs in possessing the following combination of characters: rugose, amorphous frontonasal ornamentation; paranasal apertures/fossae present. Differs from Pinacosaurus grangeri in absence of embayment in supranarial ornamentation; squamosal horns are long and slender, and extend well past posterior margin of skull, and width across squamosal horns is greater than width across supraorbitals; differs from Pinacosaurus grangeri and Tarchia kielanae in the absence of a lacrimal incisure. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995 | |||||