PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pseudolivinae

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae

Taxonomy

Pseudolivinae was named by Cossmann (1901) [m. kosnik taxon no: 7102]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Olividae by Sohl (1964), Ponder and Warén (1988); and to Buccinidae by Rivera (1957), Squires (1989), Squires et al. (1989), Stilwell et al. (2004).

Subtaxa

Benthobia (syn. Nux), Dorsanum, Fulmentum (syn. Sylvanocochlis), Hubachia, Hydrotribulus, Luizia, Naudoliva, Popenoeum, Pseudoliva, Ptychosyca, Strepsidura, Strepturidae, Sulcoliva, Zemira (syn. Eburnopsis)

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1901	Pseudolivinae Cossmann
1957	Pseudolivinae Rivera p. 181
1964	Pseudolivinae Sohl p. 244
1988	Pseudolivinae Ponder and Warén p. 306
1989	Pseudolivinae Squires p. 39
1989	Pseudolivinae Squires et al. p. 212
2004	Pseudolivinae Stilwell et al. pp. 38, 43

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Buccinoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Buccinidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Pseudolivinae	Cossmann 1901
subfamily	Pseudolivinae	Cossmann 1901

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Pseudolivinae Cossmann 1901

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G. †Austrosphaera Camacho 1949

Invalid names: Seymourosphaera Oleinik and Zinsmeister 1996 [synonym]

G. †Benthobia Dall 1889

Invalid names: Nux Barnard 1960 [synonym]

G. Dorsanum Gray 1847

Subg. Dorsanum (Dorsanum) Gray 1847

†Dorsanum lagunitensis Woods 1922

†Dorsanum parinense Olsson 1928

†Dorsanum plicatum Grateloup 1847

†Dorsanum politum Lamarck 1822

†Dorsanum scalatum Heilprin 1891

G. †Fulmentum Fischer 1884

Invalid names: Sylvanocochlis Melvill 1903 [synonym]

G. †Hubachia Etayo-Serna 1979

†Hubachia ramirolobae Etayo-Serna 1979

G. †Hydrotribulus Wade 1916

†Hydrotribulus elegans Sohl 1964

†Hydrotribulus nodosus Wade 1916

G. †Luizia Douvillé 1933

G. †Naudoliva Kilburn 1989

G. †Popenoeum Squires et al. 1989

†Popenoeum brevis Doncieux 1908

†Popenoeum briarti Vincent 1928

†Popenoeum chavani Glibert 1973

†Popenoeum lacunosum Pacaud and Schnetler 1999

Invalid names: Pseudoliva robusta Briart et al. 1970 [synonym]

†Popenoeum maritimus Squires et al. 1989

†Popenoeum maritimus bajaensis Squires et al. 1989

†Popenoeum mutabilis Woods 1922

†Popenoeum mutabilis woodsi Olsson 1928

†Popenoeum mutabilis mutabilis Woods 1922

†Popenoeum prima Defrance 1827

†Popenoeum scalina Heilprin 1881

†Popenoeum subcostata Stoliczka 1867

G. Pseudoliva Swainson 1840

Subg. †Pseudoliva (Fusopsis) Ravn 1939

†Pseudoliva adelkei Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva binodosa Traub 1938

†Pseudoliva bocaserpentis Maury 1912

†Pseudoliva coronaria Olsson 1930

†Pseudoliva elegans Hislop 1859

†Pseudoliva funkeana Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva funkeana funkeana Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva funkeana ornata Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva guppyi Mansfield 1925

†Pseudoliva inornata Dickerson 1915

†Pseudoliva laudunensis Defrance 1826

†Pseudoliva leutweini Bohm 1926

†Pseudoliva lutulenta Kensley and Pether 1986

†Pseudoliva modesta Olsson 1928

†Pseudoliva monilis Olsson 1928

†Pseudoliva packardi Van Winkle 1918

†Pseudoliva perspectiva Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva praetermissa Pacaud and Schnetler 1999

†Pseudoliva reticulata Waring 1914

†Pseudoliva rogersi Adegoke 1977

†Pseudoliva serrata Traub 1938

†Pseudoliva thielei Bohm 1926

†Pseudoliva tuberculifera Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva umpquaensis Turner 1938

†Pseudoliva unicarinata Aldrich 1886

†Pseudoliva vetusta Conrad 1833

†Pseudoliva vetusta forma Conrad 1833

†Pseudoliva vetusta perspectiva Conrad 1860

†Pseudoliva vetusta carinata Conrad 1860

G. †Ptychosyca Gabb 1876

†Ptychosyca inornata Gabb 1876

G. †Strepsidura Swainson 1840

†Fusus (Strepsidura) perlatus Conrad 1858

Subg. †Strepsidura (Eamesidura) Adegoke 1977

†Strepsidura (Eamesidura) newtoni Adegoke 1977

†Strepsidura cossmanni Vredenburg 1923

†Strepsidura diabloensis Clark and Woodford 1927

†Strepsidura ficus Gabb 1864

†Strepsidura gracilis Riedel 1933

†Strepsidura howardi Dickerson 1916

†Strepsidura kerstingi Oppenheim 1915

†Strepsidura pachecoensis Stanton 1896

†Strepsidura pacifica Woods 1922

†Strepsidura polaris Stilwell et al. 2004

†Strepsidura reticulata Banerjee and Halder 2024

†Strepsidura soldadensis Maury 1912

†Strepsidura spirata Newton 1922

Fm. †Strepturidae Cossmann 1901

G. Melapium Adams and A. 1853

†Melapium hawthornei Kensley and Pether 1986

G. †Sulcoliva Vermeij 1998

G. Zemira Adams and A. 1853

†Zemira praecursoria Tate 1888

Invalid names: Eburnopsis Tate 1889 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:10:04

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:10:04

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Coniacian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 89.80000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 85.7 Ma

Collections (467 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Cameroon	Strepsidura gracilis (177976 209692)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Cameroon	Strepsidura gracilis (94776 209676)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Tennessee)	Hydrotribulus nodosus (88357)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	Hydrotribulus nodosus, Ptychosyca inornata (7515)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Ptychosyca inornata (4247)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	Hydrotribulus elegans (7476 7586) Hydrotribulus sp. (4111) Ptychosyca inornata (7590 7592 7602)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	Ptychosyca inornata (4277)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Hydrotribulus asper (4431 4506 4507) Hydrotribulus sp. (4414)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Maryland)	Hydrotribulus asper (4369)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	Hydrotribulus sp. (4142)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Hydrotribulus sp. (4180 4198 4199 4205 4229)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Hydrotribulus asper (7489 205541)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	Hydrotribulus nodosus, Ptychosyca inornata (205445)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Poland	Popenoeum robustum (27625)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	Pseudoliva nana (42895)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Illinois)	Strepsidura contorea (70129)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	France	Popenoeum ambiguum (20816)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Antarctica	Seymourosphaera bulloides (67035 67044 67061 67066 67067 67068) Seymourosphaera bulloides, Seymourosphaera depressa (67047) Seymourosphaera bulloides, Seymourosphaera depressa, Strepsidura polaris (67031) Seymourosphaera bulloides, Seymourosphaera elevata (67038 67058) Seymourosphaera depressa (67036) Seymourosphaera elevata (67032 67042 67045 67046 67064) Seymourosphaera subglobosa (67041 67048 67051)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Maryland)	Pseudoliva longicostata (83135)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Colombia (Guajira)	Hubachia ramirolobae (99141)