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Odontaspididae (sand tiger shark)

Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Odontaspididae

Taxonomy
Odontaspididae was named by Müller and Henle (1839). It is extant.

It was corrected as Odontaspidae by Cassier (1966), Adegoke (1977), Herman (1977), Case (1979), Case (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Tabuce et al. (2005), Martin and Crame (2006), Underwood (2006), Bogan and Agnolin (2010); it was misspelled as Odontaspidae by Case (1978), Squires (1984), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Long (1992), Biddle (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long and Stilwell (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Antunes and Balbino (2003), Compagno (2005), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Verma (2024), Popov et al. (2025).

It was assigned to Lamniformes by Cassier (1966); to Orectoloboidei by Case (1978); to Euselachii by Case (1979); to Isuroidei by Case (1981); to Galeoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Squatinoidei by Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Odontaspidoidea by Adegoke (1977), Herman (1977), Müller and Diedrich (1991); to Orectolobiformes by Long (1992); to Chondrichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Martin and Crame (2006); and to Lamniformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Squires (1984), Biddle (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long and Stilwell (2000), Peng et al. (2001), Antunes and Balbino (2003), Compagno (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Nelson et al. (2016), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Verma (2024), Popov et al. (2025).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1839Odontaspididae Müller and Henle
1900Scyllium gracilis Williston
1900Scyllium planidens Williston
1902Scylliorhinus gracilis Hay p. 310
1902Scylliorhinus planidens Hay p. 310
1966Odontaspidae Cassier p. 68
1974Lamna planidens Slaughter and Thurmond p. 31 fig. 2A
1977Odontaspidae Adegoke p. 299
1977Odontaspidae Herman p. 165
1978Odontaspidae Case p. 189
1979Odontaspidae Case p. 81
1981Odontaspidae Case p. 59
1981Odontaspidae Thurmond and Jones p. 45
1983Odontaspidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2
1984Odontaspididae Squires p. 56
1988Odontaspidae Case and Schwimmer p. 294
1989Carcharoides planidens Werner p. 29 figs. Pl 11, figs 1-7; pl 12, figs 1-8; text-figs 10,11
1991Odontaspididae Müller and Diedrich p. 29
1992Odontaspididae Long p. 24
1993Odontaspididae Biddle p. 203
1993Odontaspididae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 8
2000Odontaspididae Long and Stilwell p. 349
2001Odontaspididae Peng et al. p. 5
2001Odontaspididae Purdy et al. p. 101
2003Odontaspididae Antunes and Balbino p. 142
2005Odontaspididae Compagno
2005Odontaspidae Tabuce et al. p. 385
2006Odontaspidae Martin and Crame p. 113
2006Odontaspidae Underwood p. 234
2007Odontaspididae Cahuzac et al. p. 20
2007Odontaspididae Marsili et al. p. 30
2009Odontaspididae Cicimurri and Knight p. 631
2010Odontaspidae Bogan and Agnolin
2016Odontaspididae Nelson et al. p. 65
2017Odontaspididae Szabo et al.
2018Odontaspididae Kent p. 63
2019Odontaspididae Ebersole et al. p. 37
2019Odontaspididae van der Laan p. 42
2020Odontaspididae Villafaña et al. p. 734
2024Odontaspididae Verma p. 1989
2025Odontaspididae Popov et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
classChondrichthyes
subclassEuselachii()
—NeoselachiiCompagno 1977
superorderGaleomorphiiCompagno 1973
orderLamniformesBerg 1958
familyOdontaspididaeMüller and Henle 1839
familyOdontaspididaeMüller and Henle 1839

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Odontaspididae Müller and Henle 1839 [sand tiger shark]
show all | hide all
G. †Araloselachus Glikman 1964
G. †Brachycarcharias Cappetta and Nolf 2005
+
G. †Cenocarcharias Cappetta and Case 1999
+
†Cenocarcharias rochbrunei Sauvage 1880
†Cenocarcharias tenuiplicatus Cappetta and Case 1975
G. †Eostriatolamia Glikman 1980
+
†Eostriatolamia aktobensis Zhelezko 1988
†Eostriatolamia gracilis Agassiz 1843
†Eostriatolamia paucicorrugata Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
†Eostriatolamia segedini Glickman and Zhelezko 1979
†Eostriatolamia striatula Dalinkevičius 1935
†Eostriatolamia subulata Agassiz 1843
†Eostriatolamia venusta Leriche 1906
G. †Glueckmanotodus Zhelezko 1999
+
†Hispidaspis gigas Woodward 1889
†Hispidaspis horridus Sokolov 1978
G. †Hypotodus Jaekel 1895
+
†Hypotodus verticalis Agassiz 1843
+
†Jaekelotodus africanus Arambourg 1952
†Jaekelotodus bagualensis Otero et al. 2013
†Jaekelotodus heinzelini Casier 1967
†Jaekelotodus robustus Leriche 1905
†Jaekelotodus trigonalis Jackel 1895
Subfm. †Johnlonginae Shimada et al. 2015
+
G. †Johnlongia Siverson 1996
+
†Johnlongia allocotodon Siverson 1996
†Johnlongia parvidens Cappetta 1973
G. †Pseudomegachasma Shimada et al. 2015
+
†Pseudomegachasma casei Nessov 1999
Invalid names: Eorhincodon Nessov 1999 [replaced]
G. †Mennerotodus Zhelezko 1994
+
†Mennerotodus glueckmani Zhelezko 1994
G. †Microcarcharias Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
+
+
Invalid names: Synodontaspis lilliae Case et al. 1990 [synonym]
Subfm. †Odontaspinae Herman 1977
+
G. †Parodontaspis White 1931
G. †Priodontaspis Ameghino 1901
G. Odontaspis Agassiz 1838 [sand tiger shark]
+
†Lamna (Odontaspis) dubia Agassiz 1843
Subg. †Odontaspis (Odontaspis) Agassiz 1838
†Odontaspis actutissima Agassiz 1843
†Odontaspis aculeatus Cappetta and Case 1975
+
Invalid names: Hypotodus grandis Case 1978 [synonym]
†Odontaspis attenuata Davis 1888
†Odontaspis bicarinatus Williston 1900
†Odontaspis bronni Agassiz 1843
†Odontaspis cheathami Case 1987
†Odontaspis ensiculata Davis 1888
†Odontaspis exigua Davis 1888
†Odontaspis exilis Leriche 1942
Odontaspis ferox Risso 1826
†Odontaspis incurva Davis 1888
†Odontaspis molassica Probst 1879
†Odontaspis sanguinei Case 1978
†Odontaspis speyeri Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Odontaspis substriata Stromer 1910
†Odontaspis tingitana Arambourg 1952
†Odontaspis watinensis Cook et al. 2013
†Odontaspis winkleri Leriche 1905
G. †Orpodon Cappetta and Nolf 2005
+
†Orpodon heersensis Herman 1972
G. †Palaeohypotodus Glikman 1964
+
†Palaeohypotodus bronni Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Odontaspis acuta Davis 1888 [synonym], Odontaspis houzeaui Woodward 1891 [synonym]
†Palaeohypotodus rutoti Winkler 1878
+
Invalid names: Palaeohypotodus lerichei Glickman 1964 [synonym]
G. †Pseudodontaspis Case 1987
+
G. †Pueblocarcharias Bourdon et al. 2011
+
†Pueblocarcharias kawaikensis Bourdon et al. 2011
G. †Sylvestrilamia Cappetta and Nolf 2005
+
G. †Synodontaspis White 1931
+
+
Invalid names: Lamna denticulata Agassiz 1843 [synonym]
†Synodontaspis atlasi Arambourg 1952
G. †Tethylamna Cappetta and Case 2016
+
†Tethylamna dunni Cappetta and Case 2016
Invalid names: Lamninae [empty], Scyllium gracilis Williston 1900 [nomen dubium], Scyllium planidens Williston 1900 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-21 07:05:21
Modified: 2009-07-21 09:05:21
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Valanginian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 137.05000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 132.6 Ma

Collections (593 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0New Zealand (South Island) Lamna incurva (204190)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Switzerland Odontaspis studeri (2225)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Switzerland Odontaspis gracilis (2256 2259) Odontaspis studeri, Odontaspis gracilis (2198)
Early/Lower Barremian125.77 - 121.4Spain (Aragón) Odontaspididae indet. (28196)
Barremian - Albian125.77 - 100.5Tunisia (Medinine) Odontaspis sp. (166013)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57India Eostriatolamia sp. (239333)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Switzerland Odontaspis gracilis (2175 2232)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57United Kingdom (England) Johnlongia sp. (213577)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Japan (Iwate) Odontaspis sp. (210764 210766)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2France Odontaspidae indet., Odontaspis striatula (214869)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Germany Odontaspis sp. I (241410)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2United Kingdom (England) Eostriatolamia sp. (241464)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian119.57 - 110.1United Kingdom (England) Eostriatolamia sp. (241463)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1France (Champagne-Ardenne) Odontaspis bronnii (55335)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1Germany Odontaspis sp. II (241411 241412)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1France (Marne) Carcharias striatula (235560)
Albian113.2 - 100.5France Odontaspis gracilis (2168) Odontaspis raphiodon (242187)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Australia (Western Australia) Carcharias striatula (90688)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Switzerland Odontaspis gracilis (2167 2237)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3France (Marne) Carcharias striatula (169108 235562 235563 235564 235567)