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Batoidea (ray)
Taxonomy
Batoidea was named as an order. It is extant.
It was reranked as the superorder Batoidea by Herman (1979); it was synonymized subjectively with Batomorphii by Cappetta (1987); it was reranked as the unranked clade Batoidea by Long (2011).
It was assigned to Euselachiformes by Case (1978); to Chondrichthyes by Lancaster (1986); to Elasmobranchii by Herman (1979), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Goodwin et al. (1999); and to Neoselachii by Long (2011).
It was reranked as the superorder Batoidea by Herman (1979); it was synonymized subjectively with Batomorphii by Cappetta (1987); it was reranked as the unranked clade Batoidea by Long (2011).
It was assigned to Euselachiformes by Case (1978); to Chondrichthyes by Lancaster (1986); to Elasmobranchii by Herman (1979), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Goodwin et al. (1999); and to Neoselachii by Long (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1978 | Batoidea Case p. 195 |
| 1979 | Batoidea Herman p. 64 |
| 1981 | Batoidea Thurmond and Jones p. 69 |
| 1986 | Batoidea Lancaster p. 125 |
| 1999 | Batoidea Goodwin et al. p. 731 |
| 2011 | Batoidea Long p. 242 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Batoidea [ray]
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Superfm. †Rhinobatoidea
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G. †Cristomylus Kirkland et al. 2013
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†Cristomylus bulldogensis Kirkland et al. 2013
†Cristomylus cifellii Kirkland et al. 2013
†Cristomylus leptostemma Wynd et al. 2020
†Cristomylus nelsoni Kirkland et al. 2013
Invalid names: Pristiformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tithonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pliocene or 149.20000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma
Collections (56 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Engaibatis schultzei (53683) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Batoidea indet. (90718 90719 90721 90728) | |
| Hauterivian - Barremian | Libya | Batoidea indet. (61465) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | USA (Texas) | Batoidea indet. (31172) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Batoidea indet. (58208) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Palestine | Batoidea indet. (11804) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Egypt (Al Jizah) | Batoidea indet. (123976) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Cristomylus bulldogensis (14385) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (New Mexico) | Batoidea indet. (179267) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | USA (Utah) | Cristomylus bulldogensis (14414) | |
| Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Texas) | Batoidea indet. (34755) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Utah) | Rhinobatoidea indet. (14417) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Utah) | Rhinobatoidea indet. (14413) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian | USA (Missouri) | Batoidea indet. (45679) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (New Jersey) | Batoidea indet. (88610) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Götaland) | Rhinobatoidea indet. 2 (102886) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skåne) | Rhinobatoidea sp. 2 (74334) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Utah) | Batoidea indet. (167526 167528 167530) Cristomylus cifellii (75840 75841) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skane) | Rhinobatoidea indet. 1 (106411) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Rhinobatoidea indet. (98674) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Batoidea indet. (179271) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (Utah) | Myledaphus sp. (61844) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Batoidea indet. (199749) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Batoidea indet. (221052) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Colorado) | Cristomylus sp. (167302) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Rhinobatoidea indet. (135743) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Cataluña) | Batoidea indet. (36727 36728) | |
| Lancian | USA (Montana) | Batoidea indet. (14614) Cristomylus leptostemma (14549 144502) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Batoidea indet. (124937) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | USA (Alabama) | Batoidea indet. (80367 80384 80387) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Batoidea indet. (48888) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Batoidea indet. (38077) | |
| Thanetian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Batoidea indet. (176206) | |
| Ypresian | France (Île-de-France) | Batoidea indet. (68437) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Alabama) | Batoidea indet. (80785) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Batoidea indet. (42636 42639) | |
| Priabonian | Kazakhstan | Batoidea indet. (113118) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Batoidea indet. (22228) | |
| Otaian - Altonian | New Zealand | Batoidea indet. (77489) | |
| Burdigalian | Colombia (La Guajira) | Batoidea indet. (161622) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Mallorca) | Batoidea indet. (155253) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Batoidea indet. (18443) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Peru | Batoidea indet. (97648) |