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Grampus
Taxonomy
Delphinus (Grampus) was named by Gray (1828). It is extant. Its type is Grampus griseus. It was considered monophyletic by Geisler et al. (2011).
It was reranked as Grampus by Hamilton (1837), Gray (1846), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866), Flower (1867), Gray (1868), Scammon and Cope (1869), Scott (1873), Cope (1890), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Winge (1921), Weber (1928), Dal Piaz (1929), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Fraser and Purves (1960), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Kasuya (1973), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Mead and Brownell (2005), Bianucci (2005), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Perrin et al. (2013), Murakami et al. (2014) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Delphinus by Gray (1828); to Delphinina by Gray (1846); to Phocaenina by Gray (1864); to Belugidae by Gray (1868); to Grampidae by Scott (1873); to Globicipites by Winge (1921); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Weber (1928), Fraser and Purves (1960), Scheffer and Rice (1963), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991) and Buchholtz and Schur (2004); to Orcininae by Bianucci (2005); to Delphinidae by Hamilton (1837), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1866), Scammon and Cope (1869), Cope (1890), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Dal Piaz (1929), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005) and Murakami et al. (2014); and to Globicephalinae by Kasuya (1973), McKenna and Bell (1997), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Perrin et al. (2013) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was reranked as Grampus by Hamilton (1837), Gray (1846), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1864), Gray (1866), Flower (1867), Gray (1868), Scammon and Cope (1869), Scott (1873), Cope (1890), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Winge (1921), Weber (1928), Dal Piaz (1929), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Fraser and Purves (1960), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Kasuya (1973), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Mead and Brownell (2005), Bianucci (2005), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Perrin et al. (2013), Murakami et al. (2014) and Marx et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Delphinus by Gray (1828); to Delphinina by Gray (1846); to Phocaenina by Gray (1864); to Belugidae by Gray (1868); to Grampidae by Scott (1873); to Globicipites by Winge (1921); to Delphininae by Flower (1867), Weber (1928), Fraser and Purves (1960), Scheffer and Rice (1963), de Muizon (1988), Vidal (1991) and Buchholtz and Schur (2004); to Orcininae by Bianucci (2005); to Delphinidae by Hamilton (1837), Gray (1846), Gray (1850), Gray (1863), Gray (1866), Scammon and Cope (1869), Cope (1890), Trouessart (1904), Palmer (1904), Turner (1912), Dal Piaz (1929), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott (1951), Sherman (1952), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005) and Murakami et al. (2014); and to Globicephalinae by Kasuya (1973), McKenna and Bell (1997), LeDuc et al. (1999), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Perrin et al. (2013) and Marx et al. (2016).
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1828 | Delphinus (Grampus) Gray p. 1 |
| 1837 | Grampus Hamilton p. 233 |
| 1846 | Grampus Gray p. 30 |
| 1850 | Grampus Gray p. 81 |
| 1863 | Grampus Gray p. 201 |
| 1864 | Grampus Gray p. 245 |
| 1866 | Grampus Gray p. 295 |
| 1867 | Grampus Flower p. 115 |
| 1868 | Grampus Gray p. 9 |
| 1869 | Grampus Scammon and Cope p. 21 |
| 1873 | Grayius Scott |
| 1873 | Grampus Scott p. 104 |
| 1890 | Grampus Cope p. 609 |
| 1904 | Grampus Palmer p. 299 |
| 1904 | Grampus Trouessart p. 769 |
| 1912 | Grampus Turner p. 120 |
| 1921 | Grampus Winge p. 36 |
| 1928 | Grampus Weber p. 389 |
| 1929 | Grampus Dal Piaz p. 85 |
| 1933 | Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton |
| 1945 | Grampus Simpson p. 103 |
| 1951 | Grampus Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott p. 741 |
| 1952 | Grampus Sherman p. 99 |
| 1960 | Grampus Fraser and Purves p. 112 figs. Figure 26 |
| 1963 | Grampus Scheffer and Rice p. 7 |
| 1973 | Grampus Kasuya p. 61 |
| 1988 | Grampus de Muizon p. 162 |
| 1991 | Grampus Vidal p. 5 |
| 1997 | Grampus McKenna and Bell p. 386 |
| 1998 | Grampus Rice p. 116 |
| 1999 | Grampus LeDuc et al. p. 639 figs. Figure 2 |
| 2001 | Grampus Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179 |
| 2004 | Delphinus (Grampus) Buchholtz and Schur p. 384 figs. Figure 1 |
| 2005 | Grampus Bianucci p. 340 |
| 2005 | Grampus Mead and Brownell p. 728 |
| 2009 | Grampus Aguirre-Fernández et al. |
| 2011 | Grampus Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1 |
| 2013 | Grampus Perrin et al. p. 571 figs. Table 1 |
| 2014 | Grampus Murakami et al. p. 507 figs. Figure 10 |
| 2016 | Grampus Marx et al. p. 140 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Grampus Gray 1828
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Grampus griseus Cuvier 1812 [Risso's dolphin]
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Invalid names: Delphinus aires Cuvier 1812 [synonym], Delphinus rissoanus Demarest 1822 [synonym], Globicephalus rissii Risso 1826 [synonym], Grampidelphis exilis Iredale and Troughton 1933 [synonym], Grampidelphis kuzira Iredale and Troughton 1933 [synonym], Grampus cuvieri Gray 1846 [synonym], Grampus richardsoni Gray 1850 [synonym], Grampus richardsonii Gray 1850 [synonym], Grampus sakamata Gray 1846 [synonym], Grampus sowerbianus Fischer 1881 [synonym], Grampus stearnsii Dall 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton 1933 [synonym], Grayius Scott 1873 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| References: Nowak 1991, Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Zanclean to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Collections (19 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Madagascar | G. griseus (55451) | |
| Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Netherlands | G. sp. (189573) | |
| Zanclean | Japan (Ibaraki) | G. griseus (76013) | |
| Holocene | Australia (Victoria) | G. griseus (168147) | |
| Holocene | Argentina | G. griseus (168144) | |
| Holocene | Japan | G. griseus (54129 168148) | |
| Holocene | USA (Oregon) | G. griseus (168149) | |
| Holocene | USA (New Jersey) | G. griseus (168150) | |
| Holocene | Chile | G. griseus (168145) | |
| Holocene | Australia (Western Australia) | G. griseus (168146) | |
| Holocene | Portugal | G. griseus (168151) | |
| Holocene | Italy | G. griseus (168152) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | G. griseus (201786) | |
| Holocene | South Africa | Delphinus heavisidei (86897) G. griseus (168142 168143) | |
| Holocene | France | Delphinus griseus (86898) | |
| Holocene | Italy (Sicily) | G. griseus (175523) |