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Grallator cursorius

Reptilia - Grallatoridae

Taxonomy
Grallator cursorius was named by Hitchcock (1858). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is AC 4/1, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Moody's Corner, which is in a Hettangian/Sinemurian fluvial-lacustrine mudstone/sandstone in the Portland Formation of Massachusetts.

It was synonymized objectively with Grallator parallelus by Olsen et al. (1998); it was recombined as Eubrontes cursorius by Rainforth (2007).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
G. pisanus

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1837Ornithichnites parallelus Hitchcock p. 175
1847Brontozoum parallelum Hitchcock p. 50 fig. 2
1848Brontozoum parallelum Hitchcock p. 175
1854Brontozoum parallelum Warren p. 27
1858Grallator cursorius Hitchcock p. 72 figs. Pls. 33, 58, 72
1862Grallator parallelus Hitchcock p. 86
1865Grallator parallelus Hitchcock p. 7 figs. Pl. 5:1
1871Grallator cursorius Hitchcock p. xxi
1871Grallator parallelus Hitchcock p. xxi
1879Brontozoum parallelum Miller p. 151
1889Grallator cursorius Hitchcock p. 118
1889Grallator parallelus Hitchcock p. 118
1894Grallator cursorius Lyman p. 205
1894Grallator parallelus Lyman p. 205
1898Grallator cursorius Hitchcock p. 401
1898Grallator parallelus Hitchcock p. 401
1902Grallator cursorius Hay p. 545
1902Grallator parallelus Hay p. 545
1904Anchisauripus parallelus Lull pp. 490-491 fig. 9
1904Grallator cursorius Lull p. 494 fig. 12
1915Anchisauripus parallelus Lull p. 187 fig. 43
1915Grallator cursorius Lull p. 200 fig. 53
1917Anchisauripus parallelus Lull p. 114
1917Grallator cursorius Lull p. 116
1930Anchisauripus parallelus Hay p. 3
1930Grallator cursorius Hay p. 13
1952Grallator cursorius Bock p. 402
1952Anchisauripus parallelus Bock p. 406
1953Grallator cursorius Lull p. 154
1953Anchisauripus parallelus Lull p. 172
1957Grallator sulcatus Baird p. 68 fig. 6.3B
1957Grallator cursorius Baird p. 453
1957Grallator sulcatus Baird pp. 453-454 figs. 1; Pl. 1, fig. 1
1957Anchisauripus parallelus Baird pp. 471-472
1958Grallator cursorius Kuhn p. 22
1958Grallator sulcatus Kuhn p. 22
1959Grallator cursorius Schmidt p. 106
1963Grallator cursorius Kuhn p. 77
1963Grallator sulcatus Kuhn p. 77
1963Anchisauripus parallelus Kuhn p. 80
1965Anchisauripus parallelus Nelson p. 7
1969Grallator cursorius Haubold p. 100 fig. 8
1970Grallator cursorius Demathieu p. 184
1970Grallator cursorius Ellenberger p. 351
1971Anchisauripus parallelus Haubold p. 66
1971Grallator cursorius Haubold pp. 66-67
1971Grallator sulcatus Haubold p. 67
1974Anchisauripus parallelus Haubold p. 127
1974Grallator cursorius Haubold p. 132
1976Anchisauripus parallelus Courel and Demathieu p. 209
1981Grallator cursorius Olsen p. 558
1984Grallator cursorius Olsen and Galton p. 98 fig. 4
1984Grallator cursorius Thulborn and Wade p. 449
1986Atreipus sulcatus Olsen and Baird p. 68
1987Anchisauripus parallelus Weems p. 15
1990Grallator cursorius Thulborn p. 155
1992Grallator cursorius Weems p. 124
1992Grallator parallelus Weems p. 124
1993Atreipus sulcatus Thulborn p. 463
1996Grallator sulcatus Irby p. 155
1998Grallator parallelus Olsen et al. p. 595 figs. 9-11
1999Grallator parallelus Gierlinski and Pienkowski p. 336
2000Atreipus sulcatus Gand et al. p. 615
2000Anchisauripus parallelus Gand et al. p. 616
2003Atreipus sulcatus Szajna and Hartline p. 265
2006Grallator parallelus Gallagher and Hanczaryk p. 239
2006Grallator cursorius Hunt and Lucas p. 165
2006Grallator cursorius Lockley and Eisenberg p. 267
2006Grallator parallelus Melchor and de Valais p. 366
2006Atreipus sulcatus Weems p. 372 fig. 4
2006Grallator parallelus Weems p. 376
2006Grallator cursorius Weishampel p. 132
2007Grallator cursorius Hunt and Lucas p. 221
2007Grallator parallelus Klein and Haubold p. 126
2007Eubrontes cursorius Rainforth p. 50
2008Anchisauripus parallelus Fujita et al. p. 42
2009Grallator parallelus Xing et al. p. 707
2011Grallator parallelus Niedźwiedzki p. 295
2014Grallator parallelus Xing et al. p. 196
2016Grallator cursorius Wagensommer et al. p. 171
2020Grallator cursorius Abrahams et al.
2021Atreipus sulcatus Klein and Lucas p. 6
2021Grallator cursorius Klein and Lucas p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Eugnathostomata
—Teleostomi(Bonaparte 1836)
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
RankNameAuthor
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
familyGrallatoridae
genusGrallator
speciescursoriusHitchcock 1858

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Grallator cursorius Hitchcock 1858
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Invalid names: Ornithichnites parallelus Hitchcock 1837 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. S. Lull 1915 (Anchisauripus parallelus)Pes: Length of digit I, 67 mm.; II, 79 mm.; III, 120 mm.; IV, exclusive of "heel" pad, 90 mm.; foot exclusive of hallux, 165 mm., including hallux, 210 mm. Divarication of digits I and II, 141°; II and III, 12°; II and IV, 6.5°.
Length of step 260 mm.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:08
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:08
Source: o = order
Reference: Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Norian to the top of the Early/Lower Aptian or 227.30000 to 119.57000 Ma

Collections (39 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4USA (New Jersey) Grallator cursorius, Grallator parallelus (91694)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Colorado) Grallator sp. (84185 192751)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (New Jersey) Anchisauripus parallelus (46622) Anomoepus major, Grallator parallelus, Grallator cuneatus (46621)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (New Mexico) Grallator cursorius (52168) Grallator sp. (84023) Theropoda indet. (83959 83960)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Oklahoma) Grallator sp. (192752)
Norian - Rhaetian227.3 - 201.4USA (Utah) Grallator sp. (83556)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4USA (Arizona) Grallator sp. (192917)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4USA (New Jersey) Grallator parallelus (194093)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4USA (Utah) Grallator sp. (192896 192897 192915 192916)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4USA (Colorado) Grallator sp. (105096)
Rhaetian - Hettangian205.7 - 199.5USA (Arizona) Grallatoridae indet. (38888 38889)
Rhaetian - Hettangian205.7 - 199.5USA (Utah) Reptilia indet. (222901)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.4 - 199.5Canada (Nova Scotia) Grallator cursorius (138976 138977) Grallator cursorius, Grallator parallelus (138978)
Hettangian201.4 - 199.5USA (Connecticut) Anchisauripus parallelus (46438 51255 51260)
Hettangian201.4 - 199.5USA (Utah) Grallator sp. (56131 121305 121311)
Hettangian201.4 - 199.5USA (Massachusetts) Grallator cursorius, Grallator parallelus (52986)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.4 - 192.9USA (Connecticut) Grallator cursorius (53023)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.4 - 192.9USA (Massachusetts) Grallator cursorius (52995) Grallator cursorius, Anchisauripus parallelus (52996) Grallator cursorius, Brontozoum parallelum (type locality: 52994) Grallator cursorius, Grallator parallelus (52987 52998) Grallator parallelus (52985)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian125.77 - 119.57China (Liaoning) Grallator parallelus (52888)