PBDB Taxon

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Therizinosauroidea

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Therizinosauroidea was named by Russell and Dong (1994). It is not extant. Its type is Therizinosaurus.

It was assigned to Oviraptorosauria by Russell and Dong (1994); to Maniraptoriformes by Holtz (1995); to Coelurosauria by Clark et al. (1995), Xu et al. (1999), Zhang et al. (2001), Clark et al. (2004); to Maniraptora by Holtz (1996), Holtz (1998), Holtz (2000), Rauhut (2003), Zanno (2004), Senter (2007); and to Therizinosauria by Zanno et al. (2009), Zanno (2010), Pu et al. (2013).

Subtaxa

Alxasauridae, Alxasaurus, Beipiaosaurus, Dendroolithidae, Martharaptor, Therizinosauridae (syn. Nanshiungosauridae, Segnosauridae, Enigmosauridae, Erlikosauridae)

Synonyms

Segnosauria was named by Barsbold and Perle (1980). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Therizinosauroidea by Clark et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Theropoda by Barsbold and Perle (1980), Barsbold (1983); to Sauropodomorpha by Sereno (1989); to Saurischia by Benton (1990); and to Saurischia by Nessov (1995).
Segnosaurischia was named by Dong (1992). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Therizinosauroidea by Clark et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Dong (1992), Dong and Yu (1997).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1980	Segnosauria Barsbold and Perle pp. 187-188
1983	Segnosauria Barsbold p. 104
1989	Segnosauria Sereno p. 38A
1990	Segnosauria Benton p. 19
1992	Segnosaurischia Dong p. 167
1994	Therizinosauroidea Russell and Dong p. 2108
1995	Therizinosauroidea Clark et al. p. 24A
1995	Therizinosauroidea Holtz, Jr. p. 35A
1995	Segnosauria Nessov pp. 35-36
1996	Therizinosauroidea Holtz, Jr. p. 42A
1997	Segnosaurischia Dong and Yu p. 90
1998	Therizinosauroidea Holtz, Jr. p. 40
1999	Therizinosauroidea Xu et al. p. 351
2000	Therizinosauroidea Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2001	Therizinosauroidea Zhang et al. p. 284
2003	Therizinosauroidea Rauhut p. 156
2004	Therizinosauroidea Clark et al. p. 152
2004	Therizinosauroidea Zanno p. 134A
2007	Therizinosauroidea Senter p. 437
2009	Therizinosauroidea Zanno et al.
2010	Therizinosauroidea Zanno p. 513–515
2013	Therizinosauroidea Pu et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptoriformes
—	Therizinosauria	Russell 1997
superfamily	Therizinosauroidea
superfamily	Therizinosauroidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Therizinosauroidea Russell and Dong 1994

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G. †Alxasaurus Russell and Dong 1994

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†Alxasaurus elesitaiensis Russell and Dong 1994

G. †Beipiaosaurus Xu et al. 1999

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†Beipiaosaurus inexpectus Xu et al. 1999

Fm. †Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li 1988

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G. †Placoolithus Zhao 1979

†Placoolithus taohensis Zhao 1979

†Placoolithus tiantaiensis Jin 2008

G. †Martharaptor Senter et al. 2012

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†Martharaptor greenriverensis Senter et al. 2012

Fm. †Therizinosauridae Maleev 1954

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G. †Enigmosaurus Barsbold and Perle 1983 [enigmatic lizard]

†Enigmosaurus mongoliensis Barsbold and Perle 1983

G. †Erliansaurus Xu et al. 2002

†Erliansaurus bellamanus Xu et al. 2002

G. †Eshanosaurus Xu et al. 2001

†Eshanosaurus deguchiianus Xu et al. 2001

G. †Nanshiungosaurus Dong 1979

†Nanshiungosaurus bohlini Dong and Yu 1997

†Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus Dong 1979

G. †Neimongosaurus Zhang et al. 2001

†Neimongosaurus yangi Zhang et al. 2001

G. †Nothronychus Kirkland and Wolfe 2001

†Nothronychus graffami Zanno et al. 2009

†Nothronychus mckinleyi Kirkland and Wolfe 2001

G. †Paralitherizinosaurus Kobayashi et al. 2022

†Paralitherizinosaurus japonicus Kobayashi et al. 2022

G. †Segnosaurus Perle 1979

†Segnosaurus galbinensis Perle 1979

G. †Suzhousaurus Li et al. 2007 [Suzhou lizard]

†Suzhousaurus megatherioides Li et al. 2007

G. †Therizinosaurus Maleev 1954

†Therizinosaurus cheloniformis Maleev 1954

G. †Tiantaisaurus Qian et al. 2012

†Tiantaisaurus sifengensis Qian et al. 2012

Invalid names: Enigmosauridae Barsbold and Perle 1983 [synonym], Erlikosauridae Eberth et al. 2001 [synonym], Nanshiungosauridae Dong and Yu 1997 [synonym], Segnosauridae Perle 1979 [synonym]

Invalid names: Alxasauridae Russell and Dong 1994 [empty], Segnosauria Barsbold and Perle 1980 [synonym], Segnosaurischia Dong 1992 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

10000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

3000 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialsuperf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingsuperf

Diet:

herbivoresuperf

Reproduction:

oviparoussuperf

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-09-11 17:03:44

Modified:

2005-09-11 19:03:44

Source: g = genus, superf = superfamily, o = order

References: Holtz et al. 2000, Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Early/Lower Campanian or 201.30000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (57 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Hettangian	201.3 - 199.3	China (Yunnan)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (51909)
Late/Upper Valanginian	140.2 - 136.4	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Carnosauria indet. (55273)
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	USA (Utah)	Martharaptor greenriverensis (133038)
Valanginian	139.8 - 132.9	Russian Federation (Buryat)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (58196)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	130.0 - 122.46	China (Liaoning)	Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (52888) Beipiaosaurus sp. (87417)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	China (Gansu)	Suzhousaurus megatherioides (76900)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Russian Federation (Kemerovo)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (39680)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	China (Nei Mongol)	Alxasaurus elesitaiensis (46881)
Early/Lower Albian	112.03 - 109.0	China (Gansu)	Nanshiungosaurus bohlini (45168) Suzhousaurus megatherioides (84007)
Early/Lower Albian	112.03 - 109.0	Japan (Hyogo)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (117980)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	China (Zhejiang)	Tiantaisaurus sifengensis (175968)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Segnosauria indet. (137858) Segnosauridae indet. (55254) Segnosaurus galbinensis (67974 79724 224602)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (108342) Segnosaurus galbinensis, Enigmosaurus mongoliensis (118167) Therizinosauroidea indet. (76061)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Segnosauria indet. (64685)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)	Segnosauria indet. (58466)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	99.6 - 89.3	Japan (Kumamoto)	Therizinosauridae indet. (51963)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	USA (Utah)	Therizinosauridae indet. (67973)
Middle Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	USA (New Mexico)	Nothronychus mckinleyi (52033)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Segnosauria indet. (46959 58161 58168 58172 58173)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian	93.5 - 86.3	Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (58207 73442 73443 73444)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (206394)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	China (Henan)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (80013)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	86.3 - 70.6	Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda)	Therizinosauridae indet. (53134) Therizinosauroidea indet. (64688) Therizinosauroidea indet., Tarbosaurus sp. (59702) Theropoda indet. (59701)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Tajikistan (Sogd)	Oviraptoridae indet. (58701)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Japan (Hokkaido)	Maniraptora indet. (87521)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omngov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (100261)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (130803) Dinosauria indet. (28243)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	China (Nei Mongol)	Neimongosaurus yangi, Erliansaurus bellamanus (55713)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (55257 55258 108344 127674 127681 168988) Dendroolithus sp. (130800) Therizinosaurus cheloniformis (88554 179625)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	China (Guangdong)	Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus (58448)