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Neuquensaurus australis
Taxonomy
Titanosaurus australis was named by Lydekker (1893). Its type specimen is MLP Ly 1-6 (= MLP 77-V-28-1), a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sierra Roca, Río Neuquen, which is in a Santonian terrestrial sandstone in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Argentina.
It was recombined as Saltasaurus australis by McIntosh (1990); it was recombined as Neuquensaurus australis by Powell (1986), Powell (1992), Salgado and Calvo (1993), Perea and Ubilla (1994), Bonaparte (1996), Mones (1997), Novas (1997), Salgado et al. (1997), Salgado and Azpilicueta (2000), Salgado and García (2002), Wilson and Upchurch (2003), Salgado (2003), Calvo and González Riga (2003), Powell (2003), Upchurch et al. (2004), Salgado and Coria (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Kellner et al. (2005), Salgado et al. (2005), Wilson (2006), Kellner et al. (2006), Molnar and Wiffen (2007), Soto et al. (2008), Filippi and Garrido (2008), Salgado and Coria (2009), González Riga et al. (2009), Otero (2010), D'Emic and Wilson (2011), D'Emic et al. (2011), Ibiricu et al. (2011), Molnar (2011), Filippi et al. (2011), Navarrete et al. (2011), Vila et al. (2012), Candeiro and Harris (2012), Mannion and Otero (2012), Díez Díaz et al. (2013), Poropat (2013), Otero and Reguero (2013), González Riga and Ortiz David (2014), Zurriaguz and Powell (2015), de Jesus Faria et al. (2015), García et al. (2015), Zurriaguz et al. (2017), Silva Junior et al. (2017), Averianov and Sues (2017), Gorscak et al. (2017), Wilson et al. (2019), Páramo et al. (2020), Apesteguía et al. (2021), Navarro et al. (2022) and Tomaselli et al. (2022).
It was recombined as Saltasaurus australis by McIntosh (1990); it was recombined as Neuquensaurus australis by Powell (1986), Powell (1992), Salgado and Calvo (1993), Perea and Ubilla (1994), Bonaparte (1996), Mones (1997), Novas (1997), Salgado et al. (1997), Salgado and Azpilicueta (2000), Salgado and García (2002), Wilson and Upchurch (2003), Salgado (2003), Calvo and González Riga (2003), Powell (2003), Upchurch et al. (2004), Salgado and Coria (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Kellner et al. (2005), Salgado et al. (2005), Wilson (2006), Kellner et al. (2006), Molnar and Wiffen (2007), Soto et al. (2008), Filippi and Garrido (2008), Salgado and Coria (2009), González Riga et al. (2009), Otero (2010), D'Emic and Wilson (2011), D'Emic et al. (2011), Ibiricu et al. (2011), Molnar (2011), Filippi et al. (2011), Navarrete et al. (2011), Vila et al. (2012), Candeiro and Harris (2012), Mannion and Otero (2012), Díez Díaz et al. (2013), Poropat (2013), Otero and Reguero (2013), González Riga and Ortiz David (2014), Zurriaguz and Powell (2015), de Jesus Faria et al. (2015), García et al. (2015), Zurriaguz et al. (2017), Silva Junior et al. (2017), Averianov and Sues (2017), Gorscak et al. (2017), Wilson et al. (2019), Páramo et al. (2020), Apesteguía et al. (2021), Navarro et al. (2022) and Tomaselli et al. (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1893 | Titanosaurus australis Lydekker p. 3–8 figs. Pl. 1; 2; 3:4,7; 4:1,3-4 |
| 1896 | Titanosaurus australis Ameghino p. 89 |
| 1897 | Titanosaurus australis Ameghino p. 409 |
| 1900 | Titanosaurus australis Ameghino p. 216 |
| 1901 | Titanosaurus australis Nopcsa p. 207 |
| 1924 | Titanosaurus australis Das Gupta p. 164 |
| 1927 | Titanosaurus australis Huene p. 256 |
| 1927 | Loricosaurus scutulatus Huene p. 257 |
| 1927 | Titanosaurus australis Huene p. 470 figs. Pl. 16 |
| 1928 | Titanosaurus australis Haughton p. 74 |
| 1929 | Titanosaurus australis Huene p. 23 |
| 1929 | Loricosaurus scutatus Huene p. 151 |
| 1929 | Titanosaurus australis Huene p. 495 |
| 1931 | Loricosaurus scutatus Huene p. 187 |
| 1931 | Titanosaurus australis Huene p. 188 |
| 1932 | Titanosaurus australis Stromer p. 4 |
| 1933 | Titanosaurus australis Rusconi p. 9 |
| 1939 | Titanosaurus australis Kuhn p. 88 |
| 1940 | Titanosaurus australis Lambert p. 22 |
| 1941 | Titanosaurus australis Lambert p. 55 |
| 1942 | Titanosaurus australis Hoffet p. 54 |
| 1942 | Titanosaurus australis Lambert p. 575 |
| 1945 | Titanosaurus australis Serra p. 21 |
| 1947 | Titanosaurus australis Swinton p. 114 |
| 1964 | Loricosaurus scutatus Kuhn p. 48 |
| 1970 | Titanosaurus australis Steel p. 77 |
| 1972 | Titanosaurus australis Mones p. 29 |
| 1976 | Titanosaurus australis Russell et al. |
| 1977 | Loricosaurus scutatus Taquet p. 328 |
| 1978 | Titanosaurus australis Bonaparte p. 555 |
| 1978 | Loricosaurus scutatus Bonaparte p. 572 |
| 1979 | Titanosaurus australis Bonaparte p. 231 |
| 1979 | Titanosaurus australis Bonaparte and Gasparini pp. 396-397 |
| 1980 | Loricosaurus scutatus Bonaparte and Powell p. 26 |
| 1980 | Titanosaurus australis Bonaparte and Powell p. 26 |
| 1980 | Titanosaurus australis Kues et al. p. 868 |
| 1980 | Loricosaurus scutatus Molnar p. 82 |
| 1984 | Loricosaurus scutatus Bonaparte p. 139 |
| 1984 | Titanosaurus australis Bonaparte p. 139 |
| 1986 | Loricosaurus scutatus Bonaparte p. 88 |
| 1986 | Titanosaurus australis Mourier et al. p. 173 |
| 1986 | Neuquensaurus australis Powell p. 81 |
| 1987 | Titanosaurus australis Casanovas et al. p. 100 |
| 1987 | Loricosaurus scutatus Molnar and Frey p. 34 |
| 1990 | Titanosaurus australis Buffetaut et al. p. 190 |
| 1990 | Saltasaurus australis McIntosh p. 395 |
| 1992 | Neuquensaurus australis Powell pp. 199-200 |
| 1993 | Titanosaurus australis Bertini et al. p. 89 |
| 1993 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado and Calvo p. 217 fig. 3 |
| 1994 | Neuquensaurus australis Perea and Ubilla p. 13 |
| 1996 | Neuquensaurus australis Bonaparte pp. 105-106 fig. 39 |
| 1996 | Loricosaurus scutatus Gasparini et al. p. 591 |
| 1997 | Neuquensaurus australis Mones p. 212 |
| 1997 | Neuquensaurus australis Novas p. 684 |
| 1997 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado et al. p. 5 |
| 2000 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado and Azpilicueta p. 259 |
| 2002 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado and García p. 215 |
| 2003 | Neuquensaurus australis Calvo and González Riga |
| 2003 | Loricosaurus scutatus Malkani p. 86 |
| 2003 | Neuquensaurus australis Powell p. 39 |
| 2003 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado p. 442 |
| 2003 | Neuquensaurus australis Wilson and Upchurch p. 140 |
| 2004 | Titanosaurus australis Goso Aguilar and Perea p. 162 |
| 2004 | Neuquensaurus australis Upchurch et al. p. 270 |
| 2005 | Neuquensaurus australis Apesteguía p. 250 |
| 2005 | Neuquensaurus australis Kellner et al. p. 536 |
| 2005 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado et al. p. 625 |
| 2005 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado and Coria p. 440 |
| 2006 | Neuquensaurus australis Kellner et al. p. 2 |
| 2006 | Neuquensaurus australis Wilson p. 177 |
| 2007 | Neuquensaurus australis Molnar and Wiffen p. 508 |
| 2008 | Neuquensaurus australis Filippi and Garrido p. 587 |
| 2008 | Neuquensaurus australis Soto et al. p. 16 |
| 2009 | Neuquensaurus australis González Riga et al. p. 141 |
| 2009 | Neuquensaurus australis Salgado and Coria p. 5 |
| 2010 | Neuquensaurus australis Otero p. 401 |
| 2011 | Neuquensaurus australis D'Emic and Wilson p. 64 |
| 2011 | Neuquensaurus australis Filippi et al. p. 6 |
| 2011 | Neuquensaurus australis Ibiricu et al. p. 347 |
| 2011 | Neuquensaurus australis Molnar p. 335 |
| 2011 | Neuquensaurus australis Navarrete et al. p. 9 |
| 2012 | Neuquensaurus australis Candeiro and Harris p. 74 |
| 2012 | Neuquensaurus australis Mannion and Otero p. 634 |
| 2012 | Neuquensaurus australis Vila et al. p. 29 |
| 2013 | Neuquensaurus australis Díez Díaz et al. p. 146 |
| 2013 | Neuquensaurus australis Otero and Reguero p. 12 |
| 2013 | Neuquensaurus australis Poropat p. 112 |
| 2014 | Neuquensaurus australis González Riga and Ortiz David p. 3 |
| 2015 | Neuquensaurus australis García et al. p. 45 |
| 2015 | Neuquensaurus australis Zurriaguz and Powell p. 283 |
| 2015 | Neuquensaurus australis de Jesus Faria et al. p. 157 |
| 2017 | Neuquensaurus australis Averianov and Sues p. 193 |
| 2017 | Neuquensaurus australis Gorscak et al. p. 13 |
| 2017 | Neuquensaurus australis Silva Junior et al. p. 21 |
| 2017 | Neuquensaurus australis Zurriaguz et al. p. 101 |
| 2019 | Neuquensaurus australis Wilson et al. p. 21 |
| 2020 | Neuquensaurus australis Páramo et al. p. 370 |
| 2021 | Neuquensaurus australis Apesteguía et al. |
| 2022 | Neuquensaurus australis Navarro et al. p. 327 |
| 2022 | Neuquensaurus australis Tomaselli et al. p. 14 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Neuquensaurus australis Lydekker 1893
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Invalid names: Loricosaurus scutatus Huene 1927 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. E. Powell 2003 | Titanosaurids of small and medium size similar to Saltasaurus loricatus. Cervical centra short and broad. Short dorsal centra with reduced pleurocoels. Sacrum with six well coossified centra, narrow from the second to the fifth sacral vertebrae. First caudal vertebra biconvex. Caudal central rather short and with a very concave ventral face bounded by rounded edges. Scapula with a prominent muscular attachment on the medial face, near the dorsal edge, as in Saltasaurus loricatus. Sternal plate with a very prominent ventral crest. Limb bones rather short, but more slender than in Saltasaurus loricatus. Radius of sigmoid outline. Short and stout metacarpals. Ilium with preacetabular lamina laterally expanded, but somewhat shorter than in Saltasaurus. Fibula with simple but well developed lateral tuberosity. Astragalus transversely short. | |
| M. D. D'Emic and J. A. Wilson 2011 | Titanosaur sauropod with the following unique features of the holotype: length of sacral vertebral column about 1.5 times the width between the sacricostal yokes; sacral centra 4 and 5 less than half of the width of the last sacral centrum; seven sacral vertebrae (Powell 1986; Salgado et al. 2005). Referral of other remains held in the Museo Cinco Saltos (MCS−5) allows emendation of the diagnosis to include features present in other parts of the skeleton than are preserved in the holotype. Diagnostic features of the middle caudal vertebrae include: prezygapophyses with a nonarticulating anterior process, longitudinal ridge below transverse processes, podl present and elongate. Diagnostic features of the crus include: a fibula that is rotated anteromedially and translated slightly posteriorly so that the lateral trochanter is visible in anterior view (i.e., when the distal tibia is oriented transversely). Other features listed by Powell (1986) and Salgado et al. (2005) are now known to have a wider distribution within Titanosauria (see “Diagnostic features of Neuquensaurus australis” below). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: infrao = infraorder | |||||
| Reference: Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Santonian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 86.30000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (6 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Senonian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Loricosaurus scutatus (64087) | |
| Santonian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Titanosaurus australis (type locality: 51569) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Neuquensaurus australis (55740) Titanosaurus australis, Loricosaurus scutatus (51573) | |
| Maastrichtian | Uruguay (Soriano) | Titanosaurus australis (59147) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Salta) | Neuquensaurus australis (13307) |