PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Camarasaurus supremus

Reptilia - Camarasauridae

Taxonomy

Camarasaurus supremus was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH 5760, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cope Quarry I, Cope's Nipple, which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian dry floodplain mudstone in the Morrison Formation of Colorado.

Synonyms

Camarasaurus leptodirus was named by Cope (1879). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cope Quarry III, Cope's Nipple, which is in a Tithonian dry floodplain mudstone in the Morrison Formation of Colorado.

It was synonymized subjectively with Camarasaurus supremus by Osborn and Mook (1919), Gilmore (1925), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh et al. (1996), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Ikejiri (2005).
Caulodon diversidens was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH 5768, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Caulodon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Camarasaurus supremus by Osborn and Mook (1919), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh et al. (1996), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Ikejiri (2005).
Caulodon leptoganus was named by Cope (1878).

It was synonymized subjectively with Camarasaurus supremus by Osborn and Mook (1919), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh et al. (1996), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Ikejiri (2005).
Amphicoelias latus was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH FARB 5765, a set of postcrania (4 caudal vertebrae + femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cope Quarry XV, Oil Tract, which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian terrestrial horizon in the Morrison Formation of Colorado.

It was synonymized subjectively with Amphicoelias altus by Woodruff and Foster (2014); it was synonymized subjectively with Camarasaurus supremus by Osborn and Mook (1919), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh et al. (1996), Upchurch et al. (2004), Ikejiri (2005) and Tschopp et al. (2015).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1877	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 2
1877	Amphicoelias latus Cope pp. 4-5
1877	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 7
1877	Caulodon diversidens Cope p. 193
1878	Amphicoelias latus Cope p. 56
1878	Camarasaurus supremus Cope pp. 56-57
1878	Amphicoelias latus Cope p. 83
1878	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 233
1878	Caulodon diversidens Cope p. 247
1878	Caulodon leptoganus Cope p. 247
1878	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 476
1878	Camerasaurus supremus Williston p. 43
1879	Camarasaurus leptodirus Cope
1888	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 1107
1890	Amphicoelias latus Zittel p. 709
1890	Camarosaurus supremus Zittel p. 712
1891	Camarasaurus supremus Cope p. 43
1898	Camarasaurus supremus Cope pp. 68-69 fig. 22
1901	Amphicoelias latus Nopcsa p. 203
1901	Camarosaurus leptodirus Nopcsa p. 204
1901	Camarosaurus supremus Nopcsa p. 204
1901	Caulodon diversidens Nopcsa p. 204
1901	Caulodon leptoganus Nopcsa p. 204
1902	Caulodon diversidens Hay p. 484
1902	Caulodon leptoganus Hay p. 484
1902	Camarasaurus supremus Hay pp. 485-486
1902	Amphicoelias latus Hay p. 486
1902	Camarasaurus leptodirus Hay p. 486
1903	Camarasaurus supremus Riggs p. 305
1910	Amphicoelias latus Hay p. 25
1914	Camarasaurus supremus Mook p. 19
1915	Camarasaurus supremus Williston p. 127
1916	Camarasaurus supremus Mook p. 135
1916	Caulodon diversidens Mook p. 135
1916	Amphicoelias latus Mook p. 136
1916	Caulodon leptoganus Mook p. 136
1916	Camarasaurus leptodirus Mook p. 137
1919	Camarasaurus supremus Osborn and Mook p. 383
1919	Amphicoelias latus Osborn and Mook p. 388
1925	Camarasaurus supremus Gilmore p. 352
1926	Camarasaurus supremus Lull p. 458
1927	Camarasaurus supremus Huene p. 460
1930	Camarasaurus leptodirus Hay p. 191
1930	Camarasaurus supremus Hay p. 191
1930	Caulodon diversidens Hay p. 192
1930	Caulodon leptoganus Hay p. 193
1930	Amphicoelias latus Hay p. 201
1938	Camarasaurus supremus Janensch p. 133
1939	Camarasaurus supremus Young p. 291
1948	Camarasaurus supremus Young p. 203
1964	Camarasaurus supremus Tatarinov p. 547
1970	Camarasaurus supremus Steel p. 72
1970	Amphicoelias latus Steel p. 80
1970	Caulodon diversidens Steel p. 82
1970	Caulodon leptoganus Steel p. 82
1970	Camarasaurus supremus Swinton p. 173
1978	Camarasaurus superbus Ingavat and Taquet pp. SP1-3
1981	Camarasaurus supremus McIntosh p. 12
1982	Camarasaurus supremus Rigby p. 271
1985	Camarasaurus supremus Lucas and Hunt p. 2
1988	Camarasaurus supremus Paul p. 8
1990	Camarasaurus supremus Bakker p. 2
1990	Camarasaurus supremus McIntosh p. 64
1993	Camarasaurus supremus Hunt and Lucas p. 73
1994	Camarasaurus supremus Molnar and Wiffen p. 691
1995	Camarasaurus supremus Upchurch p. 378
1996	Camarasaurus supremus Bakker p. 44
1996	Camarasaurus supremus McIntosh et al. pp. 91-92
1997	Camarasaurus supremus Carpenter p. 91
1998	Camarasaurus supremus Wilson and Sereno p. 20
1999	Camarasaurus supremus Carpenter p. 3
2000	Camarasaurus supremus Lucas and Heckert p. 44
2000	Camarasaurus supremus Wedel et al. p. 368
2004	Camarasaurus supremus Upchurch et al. p. 266
2005	Camarasaurus supremus Apesteguía p. 250
2005	Camarasaurus supremus Ikejiri p. 368–369
2005	Camarasaurus supremus Ikejiri et al. pp. 154-155
2005	Camarasaurus supremus Tidwell et al. p. 184
2006	Camarasaurus supremus Carpenter p. 134
2006	Camarasaurus supremus Chure et al. p. 236
2006	Camarasaurus supremus Mateus p. 231
2006	Camarasaurus supremus Moser et al. p. 46
2007	Camarasaurus supremus Schwarz et al. p. 245
2011	Camarasaurus supremus Taylor et al. p. 81 fig. 3
2012	Camarasaurus supremus Decker p. 8
2013	Camarasaurus supremus Tschopp and Mateus p. 332
2014	Camarasaurus supremus Woodruff and Foster p. 216
2015	Camarasaurus supremus Tschopp et al. p. 2
2019	Camarasaurus supremus Tschopp et al. p. 11
2021	Camarasaurus supremus Apesteguía et al.
2021	Camarasaurus supremus Woodruff et al. p. 119

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Sauropoda	()
—	Gravisauria
—	Eusauropoda
—	Neosauropoda
—	Macronaria
—	Camarasauromorpha
family	Camarasauridae
genus	Camarasaurus
species	supremus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Camarasaurus supremus Cope 1877

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Invalid names: Amphicoelias latus Cope 1877 [synonym], Camarasaurus leptodirus Cope 1879 [synonym], Caulodon diversidens Cope 1877 [synonym], Caulodon leptoganus Cope 1878 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
T. Ikejiri 2005	A species of Camarasaurus with a large body, relatively short neural arch in dorsal vertebrae from no. 3 to 8, T-shaped neural spine in caudal vertebrae from no. 1 to 5 or 6.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteinfrao

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult width:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult height:

10 to < 100infrao

Thickness:

thickinfrao

Architecture:

compact or denseinfrao

Form:

sphericalinfrao

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partsinfrao

Grouping:

gregariousinfrao

Environment:

terrestrialinfrao

Locomotion:

actively mobileinfrao

Life habit:

ground dwellinginfrao

Diet:

herbivoreinfrao

Reproduction:

oviparousinfrao

Dispersal:

direct/internalinfrao

Dispersal 2:

mobileinfrao

Created:

2005-08-24 13:38:50

Modified:

2005-08-24 15:38:50

Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder

References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Kimmeridgian to the top of the Tithonian or 157.30000 to 145.00000 Ma

Collections (6 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Kimmeridgian	157.3 - 152.1	USA (Colorado)	Camarasaurus supremus (11925)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	157.3 - 145.0	USA (Colorado)	Amphicoelias latus (48153 48158) Camarasaurus supremus (type locality: 48127 48149)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Colorado)	Camarasaurus leptodirus, Amphicoelias altus (48129)