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Nuculana

Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Nuculanidae

Taxonomy
Nuculana was named by Link (1807) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Indu-l R; Synonyms include: Leda Schumacher 1817, Thestyleda Iredale 1929, Crassoleda Savitskii 1969 [Coan et al. 2000]]. It is extant. Its type is Arca rostrata.

It was assigned to Nuculoida by Sepkoski (2002); to Nuculaninae by Maxwell (1992), Coan et al. (2000) and Stilwell et al. (2004); and to Nuculanidae by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Turner (1938), Durham (1944), Gardner (1945), Eames (1951), DuBar (1958), Faustman (1964), Hertlein and Grant (1972), Marasti (1973), Givens and Kennedy (1976), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Moore (1983), Squires (1984), Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska (1984), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995), Lamprell and Healy (1998), Squires (1999), Wienrich (1999), Camacho et al. (2000), Todd (2001), Kiel (2006), El Qot (2006), Kiel and Goedert (2007), Bouchet et al. (2010), Ros-Franch et al. (2014) and Wild and Stilwell (2016).

Species
Crassoleda crassatelloides, Leda (Leda), Leda (Lembulus), Leda (Spinula), Leda alkiensis, Leda barranca, Leda bavarica, Leda becki, Leda borsoni, Leda calcarensis, Leda carolinensis, Leda catasarca, Leda caudata, Leda claviformis, Leda cochlearella, Leda coelata, Leda coelatoides, Leda crassiparva, Leda decorata, Leda deffneri, Leda dijki, Leda discors (syn. Leda ehrlichi), Leda distincta, Leda doris, Leda elliptica (syn. Nucula tenuis), Leda excavata, Leda gabrielis, Leda glabra, Leda haunsbergensis, Leda houstonia, Leda ingens, Leda kittensis, Leda lacryma, Leda leia, Leda magna, Leda magnopsis, Leda minuta, Leda minuta, Leda nitida, Leda obolella, Leda opulenta, Leda oxyrhyncha, Leda ozarkola, Leda parkei, Leda pistorupes, Leda plana, Leda polynominata (syn. Corbula gabbii), Leda praeradiata, Leda projecta, Leda protexta, Leda pygmaea, Leda radiata, Leda rangei, Leda renevieri, Leda reussi, Leda scalata, Leda schiavi, Leda scutula, Leda semenoides, Leda semipolita, Leda semistriata, Leda siegsdorfensis, Leda stewardi, Leda striatella, Leda striatula, Leda subquadrata, Leda subtrigona (syn. Nucula nuda), Leda subtrigonalis, Leda sulcellata, Leda transversa, Leda trumani, Leda vanuxemi, Leda vaticani, Leda wautubbeana, Leda whitfieldi, Leda willamettensis, Leda wissmanniana, Leda zelima, Leda zitteli, Nucula (Leda) subzelima, N. (Borissia), N. (Costanuculana), N. (Dacryomya), N. (Nuculana), N. (Politoleda), N. (Praesaccella), N. (Scaeoleda), N. (Tenuileda), N. (Thestyleda), N. acuta (syn. Leda unca), N. acutilineata, N. akidota, N. alpina, N. andrewi, N. antarctirostrata, N. asiatica, N. biangulata, N. chapmani (syn. Leda apiculata), N. coelatella, N. concentrica, N. cowlitzensis, N. crassiparva, N. cultellus, N. cuneata, N. curvirostris, N. decora, N. dewalquei, N. doris, N. elmana, N. emarginata, N. etheridgei, N. excavata, N. fluvilutea, N. forcarti, N. gnomon, N. gracillima, N. grasslei, N. jamaicensis, N. konishii, N. liciata, N. lincolnensis, N. mariae, N. miaocunensis, N. minima, N. minuta, N. moriyai, N. multilineata, N. oxia, N. oxyrhyncha, N. parkei, N. parva, N. penita, N. pernula (syn. N. jacksoni, Leda buccata, N. rostrata), N. posterolaevia, N. probellula, N. redondoensis, N. rostellata, N. rostratruncata, N. semen, N. semicrenulata, N. smithvillensis, N. socialis, N. spheniopsis, N. sphenopsis, N. thompsoni, N. timorensis, N. triangulata, N. trivitate, N. trumani, N. undulostriata, N. verrilliana, N. vexillata, N. virgo, N. vitrea, N. waterhousei, N. wautebbeana, N. wautubbeana, N. waynensis, N. whitmani, N. willamettensis, N. willetti, N. zieteni
Species lacking formal opinion data
N. alferovi, N. amuriensis, N. bathurstensis, N. borsonii, N. calkinsi, N. camelorum, N. carinata, N. castor, N. coelata, N. coloradoensis, N. compalana, N. complanata, N. corbetensis, N. corpulentoides, N. demissa, N. deshayesiana, N. dodona, N. dodsoni, N. duplicarina, N. duplicarina, N. elliptica, N. equilateralis, N. evansi, N. fiski, N. fragilis, N. gnonom, N. grandensis, N. inornata, N. kenyana, N. kittensis, N. meriani, N. minmiensis, N. mutuata, N. nagaoi, N. parleacllli, N. pennula, N. perdita, N. perlonga, N. saffordana, N. securiformis, N. slodkewitschi, N. smirna, N. sulcellata, N. taioma, N. travisana, N. turgeo, N. tyrolensis, N. vadosa, N. wajampolkana, N. yatsushiroensis, N. yunnanensis

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1807Nuculana Link
1817Leda Schumacher
1895Leda Stanton p. 51
1904Leda Glenn p. 395
1913Leda Böhm and Weisfermel p. 66
1913Nucula (Leda) Krumbeck
1922Leda Woods p. 61
1928Leda Nagao p. 24
1931Nuculana Grant, IV and Gale p. 118
1931Leda Olsson p. 36
1938Nuculana Turner p. 42
1944Nuculana Durham p. 134
1945Nuculana Gardner p. 43
1951Nuculana Eames p. 322
1958Nuculana DuBar p. 153
1964Nuculana Faustman p. 113
1969Crassoleda Savitskii p. 93
1972Nuculana Hertlein and Grant p. 148
1973Nuculana Marasti p. 99
1976Nuculana Givens and Kennedy p. 973
1980Nuculana Vokes p. 6
1980Crassoleda Vokes p. 221
1982Nuculana Dockery p. 28
1983Nuculana Moore p. A13
1984Nuculana Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 93
1984Nuculana Squires p. 41
1987Nuculana Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1992Nuculana Maxwell
1995Nuculana Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 51
1998Nuculana Lamprell and Healy p. 36
1999Leda Broglio Loriga et al. p. 61
1999Nuculana Squires p. 23
1999Nuculana Wienrich p. 208
2000Nuculana Camacho et al. p. 67
2000Nuculana Coan et al. p. 83
2001Nuculana Todd
2002Nuculana Sepkoski
2004Nuculana Stilwell et al. p. 17
2006Nuculana El Qot p. 17
2006Nuculana Kiel p. 130
2007Nuculana Kiel and Goedert p. 46
2010Leda Bouchet et al.
2010Nuculana Bouchet et al.
2014Nuculana Ros-Franch et al.
2016Nuculana Wild and Stilwell p. 963

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
—Eubivalvia
subclassProtobranchia(Pelseneer 1889)
superorderNuculaniformiiCarter et al. 2000
orderNuculanida(Carter et al. 2000)
superfamilyNuculanoideaAdams and Adams 1858
familyNuculanidaeAdams and Adams 1858
genusNuculanaLink 1807

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Nuculana Link 1807
show all | hide all
Subg. Nuculana (Costanuculana) Habe 1951
Subg. †Nuculana (Dacryomya) Agassiz 1840
Subg. Nuculana (Nuculana) Link 1807
+
†Nuculana (Nuculana) arenicola Kendrick and Vartak 2007
+
Invalid names: Leda (Leda) loshka Dall 1908 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Leda amiata Dall 1916 [synonym], Leda liogona Dall 1916 [synonym]
†Nuculana (Nuculana) odiyamensis Kendrick and Vartak 2007
†Nuculana (Nuculana) senni Kugler et al. 1984
Invalid names: Nuculana (Nuculana) minuta praecursor Arnold 1903 [synonym]
Subg. Nuculana (Politoleda) Hertlein and Strong 1940
+
Politoleda polita Sowerby 1833
Subg. †Nuculana (Praesaccella) Cox 1940
+
Subg. Nuculana (Scaeoleda) Iredale 1924
+
†Scaeoleda crebricostata Tenison Woods 1877
†Scaeoleda woodsii Tate 1886
Subg. Nuculana (Tenuileda) Habe 1977
+
+
Invalid names: Leda gomphoidea Dall 1916 [synonym]
Nuculana acuta Conrad 1832 [pointed nut clam]
+
Invalid names: Leda unca Gould 1862 [synonym]
†Nuculana acutilineata Hybertsen and Kiel 2018
†Nuculana akidota Dockery 1982
†Nuculana alpina Winkler 1859
†Nuculana andrewi Marwick 1931
†Nuculana antarctirostrata Stilwell et al. 2004
†Nuculana asiatica Kurushin 1985
†Nuculana biangulata Easton 1962
†Nuculana chapmani Finlay 1924
+
Invalid names: Leda apiculata Tate 1886 [replaced]
Nuculana concentrica Say 1824 [Concentric Nut Clam]
†Nuculana cowlitzensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
†Nuculana cultellus von Koenen 1897
Nuculana cuneata Sowerby 1833
†Nuculana curvirostris de Cserna 1961
Nuculana decora Adams 1856
†Nuculana dewalquei Terquem and Piette 1868
†Nuculana doris d'Orbigny 1849
†Nuculana elmana Etherington 1931
Nuculana emarginata Lamarck 1819
†Nuculana etheridgei Maxwell 1964
†Nuculana excavata Goldfuss 1837
†Nuculana fluvilutea Marwick 1931
†Nuculana forcarti Jung 1965
†Nuculana gnomon Jung 1965
†Nuculana gracillima Jung 1965
†Nuculana grasslei Allen 1993
Nuculana jamaicensis d'Orbigny 1853 [Jamaican Nut Clam]
†Nuculana konishii Hayami 1961
†Nuculana liciata Conrad 1843
†Nuculana lincolnensis Weaver 1916
†Nuculana mariae d'Orbigny 1844
†Nuculana miaocunensis Chen 1976
†Nuculana minima Sowerby 1812
Nuculana minuta Müller 1776
†Nuculana moriyai Marincovich, Jr. 1993
Nuculana oxia Dall 1916
†Nuculana oxyrhyncha Philippi 1887
†Nuculana parkei Anderson and Hanna 1925
†Nuculana parva Jung 1965
Nuculana penita Conrad 1848
Nuculana pernula Müller 1779
+
Invalid names: Leda buccata Müller 1842 [synonym], Nuculana jacksoni Gould 1841 [synonym], Nuculana rostrata Bruguiére 1789 [synonym]
†Nuculana posterolaevia Kiel and Goedert 2007
†Nuculana probellula Marwick 1929
†Nuculana redondoensis Burch 1944
†Nuculana rostellata Conrad 1841
†Nuculana rostratruncata Gardner 1916
Nuculana semen Smith 1885 [Seed Nut Clam]
†Nuculana semicrenulata Trechmann 1917
†Nuculana socialis Stoliczka 1871
†Nuculana thompsoni Cox 1965
†Nuculana timorensis Krumbeck 1924
†Nuculana triangulata Meyer 1886
†Nuculana undulostriata Fletcher 1945
Nuculana verrilliana Dall 1886 [Barbed Nut Clam]
†Nuculana vexillata Marwick 1953
†Nuculana virgo Martin 1879
Nuculana vitrea d'Orbigny 1853 [Glassy Nut Clam]
†Nuculana waterhousei Etheridge 1888
†Nuculana waynensis Mansfield 1940
†Nuculana whitmani Dall 1909
†Nuculana willetti Marwick 1953
†Nuculana zieteni Brauns 1871
Invalid names: Crassoleda Savitskii 1969 [synonym], Leda Schumacher 1817 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height168.162.0017.08.503.57
entire specimen height12.00----
shell height511.94.8717.015.04.90
valve height175.543.3512.04.702.63

Composition: aragonitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10f
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10f
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10f
Thickness: thinf
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanicf
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: deposit feederf
Diet 2: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2007-07-27 04:12:34
Modified: 2009-08-18 20:13:18
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Arenig to the top of the Holocene or 478.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 466.0 Ma

Collections (1773 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Arenig478.6 - 466.0France (Loire-Atlantique) Leda sp. (20861)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0France (Ille-et-Vilaine) Leda lebescontei (20852) Leda sp. (20860)
Dobrotivian459.0 - 457.9France (Ille-et-Vilaine) Leda sp. (20862)
Berounian - Caradoc457.9 - 449.5Portugal Leda sp. (20954)
Rhuddanian443.4 - 440.8Canada (Ontario) Ctenodonta elliptica (173219 173224)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5USA (New York) Ctenodonta elliptica (82543)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4China (Guizhou) N. sulcata, N. zhanyia (27785)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5USA (New York) Ctenodonta elliptica (82597)
Ludfordian425.6 - 423.0Sweden (Gotland) N. oolitica (13647)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Australia (Victoria) N. sp. (7196)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (New Brunswick) N. sp. (593)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Ukraine Leda megumaensis (23493)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Poland Leda sp. (23019)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Australia (Victoria) N. securiformis (75698)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Australia N. rostellata (75686)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Brazil (Parana) N. sp. (37082)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Uruguay N. sp. (37078)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Quebec) N. sp. (608)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3South Africa N. inornata (35581) N. sp. (b), N. sp. (d) (35590) N. sp. (c) (35587) N. viator, N. sp. (a) (35589) N. viator, N. sp. (b) (35578)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Germany (Eifel) Nuculana indet. (24695)