PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Scolosaurus (thorn lizard)

Osteichthyes - Ankylosauridae

Taxonomy

Scolosaurus was named by Nopcsa (1928).

It was synonymized subjectively with Euoplocephalus by Coombs (1978), Coombs (1978), Dodson (1983), Coombs (1986), Tumanova (1987), Carpenter (2001), Ford and Kirkland (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Currie (2005), Burns (2008).

It was assigned to Panoplosaurinae by Nopcsa (1929); to Nodosauridae by Gilmore (1933), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Swinton (1970); to Ankylosaurinae by Ford (2000), Arbour and Currie (2013); to Ankylosauridae by Nopcsa (1928), Maleev (1954), Maleev (1956), Penkalski and Blows (2013), Arbour et al. (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Blows (2014); to Ankylosaurini by Arbour and Currie (2016); and to Euoplocephalini by Penkalski (2018).

Species

S. cutleri, S. thronus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1928	Scolosaurus Nopcsa p. 54
1929	Scolosaurus Nopcsa p. 70
1933	Scolosaurus Gilmore p. 75
1954	Scolosaurus Maleev
1956	Scolosaurus Maleev
1956	Scolosaurus Romer p. 636
1963	Scolosaurus Parsch p. 8
1964	Scolosaurus Kuhn p. 51
1964	Scolosaurus Tatarinov p. 577
1966	Scolosaurus Romer p. 370
1970	Scolosaurus Swinton p. 249
2000	Scolosaurus Ford p. 175
2013	Scolosaurus Arbour and Currie p. 31
2013	Scolosaurus Penkalski and Blows p. 172
2014	Scolosaurus Arbour et al. p. 11 fig. 6
2014	Scolosaurus Arbour et al. p. 648
2014	Scolosaurus Blows p. 58
2016	Scolosaurus Arbour and Currie p. 420
2018	Scolosaurus Penkalski p. 265

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Thyreophora	()
—	Ankylosauria	()
family	Ankylosauridae
subfamily	Ankylosaurinae	Nopcsa 1918
tribe	Euoplocephalini
genus	Scolosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Scolosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [thorn lizard]

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†Scolosaurus cutleri Nopcsa 1928

†Scolosaurus thronus Penkalski 2018

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
P. Penkalski 2018	A large (6 m) ankylosaurid with broad snout and beak; nasal plate moderately small; nuzzling plate large; squamosal horns with caudal apex; small to av- erage occipital condyle; teeth tending to have low A/R and well defined lingual and buccal cingulae; 60° angle between proximal caudal zygapophyseal surfaces; osteoderms predominantly conical, subconical, or mammillary; low-keeled oval osteoderms sparse or absent; ilia weakly divergent (12- 15°); little or no ventral flexion of preacetabular process; ischium with relatively straight proximal border; armour arranged in transverse rows separated by narrow bands of flexible skin; osteoderms ringed by rosettes of polygonal scales that become transversely elongate along the body folds; sacral osteoderms circular; h.r.1 osteoderms tend to resorb completely or detach; armour rugose and pitted (2-6 mm); some osteoderms open dorsally (no apex); some osteoderms with pronounced radial ribbing; caudal osteoderms conical to mammillary. Differs from other Albertan taxa in having armour dominated by subconical or mammillary osteoderms, including round, radially ribbed osteoderms in the lumbar, sacral, and proximal caudal regions.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2004-12-14 12:50:52

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:50:52

Source: o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004

Age range: Late/Upper Campanian or 83.60000 to 72.20000 Ma

Collections (4 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauria indet. (59023)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Euoplocephalus tutus (196419) Stegosauria indet. (144551)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Scolosaurus cutleri (59015)