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Amphipyndacea

Protozoa - Nassellaria

Taxonomy
Amphipyndacea was named by Riedel (1967).

It was assigned to Nassellaria by De Wever et al. (2001).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1967Amphipyndacea Riedel
2001Amphipyndacea De Wever et al. p. 266

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
classReticulareaLankester 1885
RankNameAuthor
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
superorderPolycystina(Ehrenberg 1838)
orderNassellariaEhrenberg 1875
superfamilyAmphipyndaceaRiedel 1967
superfamilyAmphipyndaceaRiedel 1967

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Amphipyndacea Riedel 1967
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Fm. †Amphipyndacidae Riedel 1967
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G. †Amphipternis Foreman 1973
+
Amphipternis clava Ehrenberg 1874
G. †Amphipyndax Foreman 1966
+
†Amphipyndax obesa Squinabol 1903
†Amphipyndax stocki Campbell and Clark 1944
Invalid names: Protostichocapsa Empson-Morin 1982 [synonym]
G. Cyrtolagena Haeckel 1887
+
Invalid names: Sticholagena Haeckel 1887 [synonym], Stichophaetna Haeckel 1881 [synonym], Stichophormiscus Haeckel 1887 [synonym], Stichophormium Haeckel 1887 [synonym]
G. †Palinandromeda Pessagno et al. 1993
+
†Palinandromeda depressa De Wever and Miconnet 1985
†Palinandromeda podbielensis Ozvoldova 1979
Invalid names: Andromeda [replaced]
G. †Parvifasus Takemura 1986
G. †Parvifavus Takemura 1986
+
†Parvifavus irregularis Takemura 1986
†Parvifavus minoensis Takemura 1986
G. †Triversus Takemura 1986
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†Triversus fastigatus Hull 1997
†Triversus schardti O'Dogherty et al. 2006
Fm. †Canoptidae Pessagno et al. 1979
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G. †Cinguloturris Dumitrica and Mello 1982
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†Cinguloturris carpatica Dumitrica and Mello 1982
†Cinguloturris cylindra Kemkin and Rudenko 1993
†Cinguloturris getsensis O'Dogherty et al. 2006
†Cinguloturris primorika Kemkin and Taketani 2004
G. †Laxtorum Blome 1984
+
†Laxtorum capitaneum Carter 1993
†Laxtorum hemingense Carter et al. 1998
†Laxtorum hichisoense Isozaki and Matsuda 1985
†Laxtorum jurassicum Isozaki and Matsuda 1985
†Laxtorum kulense Blome 1984
†Laxtorum perfectum Carter 1993
†Laxtorum porterheadense Carter 1993
G. †Neocanoptum Zhang 1990
G. †Relanus Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
+
†Relanus hettangicus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Relanus longus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Relanus multiperforatus Kozur and Mostler 1990
†Relanus reefensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Relanus striatus Kozur and Mostler 1990
Invalid names: Canoptiinae Yeh 1987 [empty]
Fm. †Parvicingulidae Pessagno 1977
+
G. †Atalantria Cordey and Carter 2007
+
†Atalantria emmela Cordey and Carter 1996
†Atalantria epaphrodita Cordey and Carter 1996
Invalid names: Atalanta Cordey and Carter 1996 [replaced]
G. †Caneta Pessagno et al. 1993
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†Caneta hsui Pessagno 1977
G. †Darvelus Hull 1995
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†Darvelus pessagnoi Hull 1995
†Darvelus primus Hull 1995
G. †Dictyomitrella Haeckel 1887
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†Dictyomitrella kamoensis Mizutani and Kido 1983
G. †Elodium Carter et al. 1988
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†Elodium mackenziei Gorican et al. 2006
†Elodium wilsonense Carter et al. 1988
G. †Excingula Kozlova 1994
G. †Mirifusus Pessagno 1977
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†Mirifusus baileyi Pessagno 1977
†Mirifusus chenodes Renz 1974
†Mirifusus fragilis Baumgartner 1984
†Mirifusus guadalupensis Pessagno 1977
G. †Nitrader Cordey and Carter 1996
+
†Nitrader montegufonensis Cordey and Carter 1996
G. †Parvicingula Pessagno 1977
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†Parvicingula blackhorsensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Parvicingula blowi Pessagno 1977
†Parvicingula citae Pessagno 1977
†Parvicingula colemani Pessagno and Blome 1984
†Parvicingula corona Hull 1995
†Parvicingula deadhorsensis Pessagno et al. 1993
†Parvicingula dhimenaensis Baumgartner 1984
†Parvicingula elegans Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Parvicingula excelsa Pessagno and Blome 1984
†Parvicingula gorda Hull 1995
†Parvicingula gracila Hull 1995
†Parvicingula jonesi Pessagno 1977
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Invalid names: Parvicingula corralensis Hull 1995 [synonym]
†Parvicingula judae Kiessling 1999
†Parvicingula mashitaensis Mizutani 1981
†Parvicingula matura Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Parvicingula media Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Parvicingula robusta Hori 1999
†Parvicingula satura Hull 1995
†Parvicingula thomesensis Pessagno 1977
†Parvicingula turrita Rüst 1898
†Parvicingula yehae Yang 1993
Subfm. †Parvicingulinae Pessagno 1977
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G. †Eoxitus Kozur 1985
G. †Praeparvicingula Pessagno et al. 1993
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†Praeparvicingula aculeata Carter et al. 1988
†Praeparvicingula burnsensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula cappa Cortese 1993
†Praeparvicingula decora Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula elementaria Carter et al. 1988
†Praeparvicingula gigantocornis Kishida and Hisada 1985
†Praeparvicingula grantensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula nanoconica Hori and Otsuka 1989
†Praeparvicingula profunda Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula proiecta Kiessling 1999
†Praeparvicingula schoolhousensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula sodaensis Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Praeparvicingula spinifera Takemura 1986
†Praeparvicingula tlellensis Gorican et al. 2006
†Praeparvicingula vera Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
Invalid names: Praecaneta Pessagno et al. 1993 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoristola Yeh 1987
+
†Pseudoristola horni O'Dogherty et al. 2006
G. †Ristola Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
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†Ristola altissima Rüst 1885
†Ristola cretacea Baumgartner 1980
†Ristola firma Hull 1995
†Ristola prisca Blome 1984
†Ristola procera Pessagno 1977
†Ristola reliqua Yeh 2011
†Ristola turpicula Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
G. †Tethysetta Dumitrica 1997
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†Tethysetta boesii Parona 1890
Subfm. †Wrangelliinae Yeh 1987
+
G. †Canoptum Pessagno et al. 1979
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†Canoptum anulatum Pessagno and Poisson 1981
†Canoptum artum Yeh 1987
†Canoptum columbiaense Carter et al. 1998
†Canoptum dixoni Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Canoptum inornatus Tekin 1999
†Canoptum jinluense Wang et al. 2002
†Canoptum laxum Blome 1984
†Canoptum levis Tekin 1999
†Canoptum macoyense Blome 1984
†Canoptum margaritaense Carter et al. 1998
†Canoptum merum Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Canoptum paradoxum Zhang 1990
†Canoptum pessagnoi Wenchen and Ning 2000
†Canoptum poissoni Pessagno et al. 1979
†Canoptum praeanulatum Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Canoptum rhaeticum Kozur and Mostler 1981
†Canoptum spinosum Yeh 1987
†Canoptum triassicum Yao 1982
†Canoptum unicum Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
†Canoptum zetangense Wang et al. 2002
Invalid names: Neowrangellium Yeh 1987 [synonym], Paracanoptum Yeh 1987 [synonym]
G. †Proparvicingula Carter 1993
+
G. †Pseudocrolanium Jud 1994
G. †Svinitzium Dumitrica 1997
G. †Wrangellium Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
+
†Wrangellium depressum Baumgartner 1984
†Wrangellium izeense Yeh 1987
†Wrangellium okamurai Mizutani 1981
†Wrangellium puga Schaaf 1981
†Wrangellium thurstonense Pessagno, Jr. and Whalen 1982
Fm. †Spongocapsulidae Pessagno 1977
+
G. †Anachoreta O'Dogherty 1994
G. †Obesacapsula Pessagno 1977
+
†Obesacapsula bullata Steiger 1992
†Obesacapsula cetia Foreman 1973
†Obesacapsula morroensis Pessagno 1977
†Obesacapsula polyedra Steiger 1992
†Obesacapsula rotunda Hinde 1900
†Obesacapsula rusconensis Baumgartner 1984
†Obesacapsula verbana Parona 1890
G. †Spongocapsula Pessagno 1977
+
†Spongocapsula conica Hori 1999
†Spongocapsula dumitricai Widz and De Wever 1993
+
Invalid names: Spongocapsula yehae Pessagno et al. 1993 [synonym]
†Spongocapsula ovum Hori 1999
†Spongocapsula palmerae Pessagno 1977
†Spongocapsula perampla Rüst 1885
G. †Spongostichomitra O'Dogherty 1994
G. †Torculum O'Dogherty 1995
+
†Torculum coronatum Squinabol 1904
G. †Tubilustrium O'Dogherty 1994
Fm. †Syringocapsidae Foreman 1973
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G. †Dibolachras Foreman 1973
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†Dibolachras chandrika Kocher 1981
G. †Dicolocapsa Haeckel 1881
G. †Ducatus Whalen and Carter 2002
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†Ducatus hipolitoensis Whalen and Carter 2002
G. †Fultacapsa Ozvoldova and Frantova 1997
Subfm. †Japonocapsinae Kozur 1984
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G. †Japonocapsa Kozur 1984
+
G. †Katroma Pessagno and Poisson 1981
+
†Katroma angusta Yeh 1987
†Katroma aurita Whalen and Carter 2002
†Katroma bicornus De Wever 1982
+
Invalid names: Katroma bifurca Yeh 1987 [synonym]
†Katroma brevitubus Gorican et al. 2006
†Katroma clara Yeh 1987
+
Invalid names: Katroma kurusuensis Hori 1988 [synonym]
†Katroma elongata Gorican et al. 2006
†Katroma hullae Yeh and Cheng 1996
†Katroma inflata Yeh 1987
†Katroma inflatio Carter et al. 1998
†Katroma irvingi Carter et al. 1998
†Katroma milloti Schaaf 1984
†Katroma neagui Pessagno and Poisson 1981
†Katroma pinquitudo Carter et al. 1998
†Katroma regina Carter et al. 1998
†Katroma sinetubus Gorican et al. 2006
†Katroma tetrastyla Steiger 1992
†Katroma westermanni Carter et al. 1998
G. †Parapodocapsa Steiger 1992
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†Parapodocapsa furcata Steiger 1992
G. †Pleesus Yeh 1987
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†Pleesus aptus Yeh 1987
G. †Podobursa Wisniowski 1889
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†Podobursa akayi Tekin 1999
†Podobursa claviformis Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa fusiformis Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa galeata Tekin 1999
†Podobursa helvetica Rüst 1885
†Podobursa longiceras Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa mersinensis Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa pantanellii Parona 1890
†Podobursa primitiva Tekin 1999
†Podobursa quadriaculeata Steiger 1992
†Podobursa sceptrumides Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa spinosa Ozvoldova 1975
†Podobursa tenuicephala Bragin 2007
†Podobursa triacantha Fischli 1916
†Podobursa tricola Foreman 1973
†Podobursa turriformis Tekin 1999
†Podobursa tuvalica Kozur et al. 2007
†Podobursa yazgani Tekin 1999
G. †Podocapsa Rüst 1885
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†Podocapsa abreojosensis Whalen and Carter 2002
†Podocapsa amphitreptera Foreman 1973
†Podocapsa topferia Empson-Morin 1981
G. †Quarticella Takemura 1986
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†Quarticella hunzikeri O'Dogherty et al. 2006
†Quarticella magnipora Chiari et al. 2002
†Quarticella ovalis Takemura 1986
†Quarticella spinosa Takemura 1986
†Quarticella whalenae Yeh and Cheng 1998
G. †Squinabollum Dumitrica 1970
G. †Syringocapsa Neviani 1900
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†Syringocapsa affine Rüst 1898
†Syringocapsa agolarium Foreman 1973
†Syringocapsa batodes De Wever 1979
†Syringocapsa extansa Tekin 1999
†Syringocapsa foremanae Taketani 1982
†Syringocapsa glabra Kozur et al. 2007
†Syringocapsa grutterinki Tan Sin Hok 1927
†Syringocapsa lata Yang 1993
+
Invalid names: Syringocapsa tamanensis Yang 1993 [synonym]
†Syringocapsa limatum Foreman 1973
†Syringocapsa lombardica Parona 1890
†Syringocapsa spinellifera Baumgartner 1995
†Syringocapsa turgida Blome 1984
†Syringocapsa vicentina Squinabol 1914
G. †Teesium Carter et al. 1998
+
†Teesium insignitum Carter et al. 1998
G. †Yamatoum Takemura 1986
+
†Yamatoum atlanticum O'Dogherty et al. 2006
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Illyrian to the top of the Selandian or 243.33000 to 59.24000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 241.464 Ma

Collections (1391 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sakmarian - Toarcian293.52 - 174.7Canada (British Columbia) Canoptum sp. (200434)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464China (Yunnan) Syringocapsa sp. (95435)
Anisian - Ladinian246.7 - 237.0Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Canoptum triassicum (220632 220633) Syringocapsa batodes (220631)
Middle Triassic246.7 - 237.0China Canoptum sp. B, Canoptum pessagnoi (131101)
Anisian - Toarcian246.7 - 174.7Canada (British Columbia) Canoptum sp. (200433)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Hungary Canoptum sp. (153381)
Illyrian - Carnian243.33 - 227.3Hungary Canoptum sp. (153389)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Thailand Laxtorum hindei (73875)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Türkiye Canoptum cucurbita, Canoptum inornatus, Canoptum levis (130616 130617) Canoptum cucurbita, Canoptum levis (130611 130612 130613 130614 130615 130618 130619 130620 130621 130622) Canoptum levis (130608)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Canoptum inornatum (66892)
Julian237.0 - 233.6Türkiye Canoptum cucurbita (130628 130643 130644 130645 130646 130648) Canoptum cucurbita, Canoptum inornatus, Canoptum levis (130625 130627 130629 130630 130631 130632) Canoptum cucurbita, Canoptum levis (130623 130624 130633 130634 130635 130636 130638 130639 130640 130641 130642) Canoptum levis (130626 130637)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3China (Xizang) Canoptum sp., Canoptum jinluense (96056) Canoptum sp., Canoptum laxum, Canoptum paradoxum, Canoptum zetangense, Canoptum jinluense (96057)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Albania Canoptum sp. (53988)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3USA (Oregon) Canoptum sp. A (96067)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Thailand Canoptum sp. (130294) Canoptum sp., Canoptum levis (130293)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Türkiye Canoptum farawayense, Katroma ornata, Syringocapsa firma (130138)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Canada (British Columbia) Canoptum farawayense, Canoptum macoyense (95566) Canoptum farawayense, Syringocapsa batodes (95571) Canoptum farawayense, Syringocapsa batodes, Canoptum macoyense (95570) Canoptum macoyense (95568) Syringocapsa batodes (95567) Syringocapsa batodes, Canoptum macoyense (95573)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Serbia Canoptum sp. (153390 153392)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Mexico Canoptum sp. (131141 131142 131144)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Oman Syringocapsa turgida (125370)