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Axestemys
Taxonomy
Axestemys was named by Hay (1899). Its type is Axestus byssinus.
It was reranked as Rafetus (Axestemys) by Chkhikvadze (2000).
It was assigned to Trionychidae by Hay (1899), Hay (1902), Hay (1908), Hay (1930) and Hutchison (1992); to Rafetus by Chkhikvadze (2000); to Trionychidae by Lichtig and Lucas (2015); to Pantrionychidae by Vitek and Joyce (2015) and Georgalis and Joyce (2017); and to Trionychinae by Hutchison and Holroyd (2003), Vitek (2012), Joyce et al. (2019) and Perez-Garcia and Smith (2021).
It was reranked as Rafetus (Axestemys) by Chkhikvadze (2000).
It was assigned to Trionychidae by Hay (1899), Hay (1902), Hay (1908), Hay (1930) and Hutchison (1992); to Rafetus by Chkhikvadze (2000); to Trionychidae by Lichtig and Lucas (2015); to Pantrionychidae by Vitek and Joyce (2015) and Georgalis and Joyce (2017); and to Trionychinae by Hutchison and Holroyd (2003), Vitek (2012), Joyce et al. (2019) and Perez-Garcia and Smith (2021).
Species
A. byssina, A. byssinus (syn. Eugenechelys robertemryi, Temnotrionyx manducans), A. cerevisia, A. erquelinnensis, A. infernalis, A. montinsana, A. quinni, A. splendidus (syn. Aspideretes planus, Aspideretes granifer), A. vittata (syn. Trionyx levalensis, Eurycephalochelys fowleri), Rafetus (Axestemys) exquisitus, Rafetus (Axestemys) nelsoni
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1872 | Axestus Cope p. 462 |
| 1884 | Axestus Cope |
| 1899 | Axestemys Hay p. 348 |
| 1902 | Axestemys Hay p. 455 |
| 1908 | Axestemys Hay p. 508 |
| 1930 | Axestemys Hay p. 110 |
| 1970 | Eurycephalochelys Moody and Walker p. 50 figs. Plate 102, Figs. 1-5 |
| 1988 | Eurycephalochelys Carroll |
| 1992 | Axestemys Hutchison |
| 2000 | Rafetus (Axestemys) Chkhikvadze |
| 2003 | Axestemys Hutchison and Holroyd |
| 2012 | Axestemys Vitek p. 4 |
| 2015 | Axestemys Lichtig and Lucas |
| 2015 | Axestemys Vitek and Joyce |
| 2017 | Axestemys Georgalis and Joyce |
| 2019 | Axestemys Joyce et al. |
| 2021 | Axestemys Perez-Garcia and Smith |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Axestemys Hay 1899
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†Axestemys byssina Cope 1872
†Axestemys byssinus Cope 1872
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Invalid names: Eugenechelys robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008 [synonym], Temnotrionyx manducans Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Axestemys cerevisia Vitek 2012
†Axestemys erquelinnensis Perez-Garcia and Smith 2021
†Axestemys infernalis Joyce et al. 2019
†Axestemys montinsana Vitek 2012
†Axestemys quinni Schmidt 1945
†Axestemys splendidus Hay 1908
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Invalid names: Aspideretes granifer Hay 1909 [synonym], Aspideretes planus Parks 1933 [synonym]
†Axestemys vittata Pomel 1847
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Invalid names: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym], Trionyx levalensis Dollo 1909 [synonym]
†Rafetus (Axestemys) exquisitus Hay 1908
†Rafetus (Axestemys) nelsoni Cope 1972
Invalid names: Axestus Cope 1872 [synonym], Eurycephalochelys Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| N. S. Vitek 2012 | Axestemys can be diagnosed as a clade of trionychids with a carapace length 60 cm or longer. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ernst and Barbour 1989, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Aquitanian or 83.50000 to 20.44000 Ma
Collections (63 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Aspideretes planus (177141) Aspideretoides splendidus (177024 177029) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Aspideretoides splendidus (86515) A. sp. (227125) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Aspideretes granifer (177030) Aspideretoides splendidus (50827 177026 177027) | |
| Lancian | USA (South Dakota) | A. infernalis (48235) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | A. infernalis (122903) A. splendida (141582 141583) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | A. infernalis (206554 224484) A. splendida (174241) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | A. infernalis (206550 206551 206552) A. sp. (183109 189003) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | A. infernalis (52106) | |
| Puercan | USA (North Dakota) | A. montinsana (141585) | |
| Puercan | USA (Colorado) | A. sp. (205878 205885 205890 206047 206078 206186 209896 209898 209909 209914 209934 209952 209966 209996) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (New Mexico) | A. montinsana (197327 197328) | |
| Tiffanian | USA (Montana) | A. montinsana (15064) | |
| Selandian | Belgium (Hainaut) | Trionyx erquelinnensis (188443) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (Colorado) | Paleotrionyx quinni (120547) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium (Brabant) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (144103) | |
| Ypresian | France (Marne) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (35533 35535 35539 181639 181653) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium (Hainaut) | A. sp., Trionyx vittatus (87947) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium (Leval-Trahegnies) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus, Trionyx levalensis (144102) | |
| Ypresian | France (Île-de-France) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (68437) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | A. byssina (141580) Eugenichelys robertemryi (85438) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | France (Oise) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (144104) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | France (Marne) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (181633) | |
| MP 10 | France (Picardie) | Eurycephalochelys vittatus (68440) | |
| MP 10 | United Kingdom (England) | Eurycephalochelys fowleri (41829) | |
| MP 8 + 9 | France (Picardie) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (84997) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | A. byssinus (16136) Axestus byssinus (130809) Temnotrionyx manducans (131895) Trionychidae indet. (141584) | |
| Aquitanian | France (Allier) | Palaeotrionyx vittatus (181640) |