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Knightitinae
Taxonomy
Knightitinae was named by Knight (1956) [ranked by Golikov & Starobogatov 1975 (ref# 13892)]. Its type is Knightites.
It was reranked as the family Knightitidae by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975).
It was assigned to Bellerophontoidea by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975); and to Bellerophontidae by Knight et al. (1960), Bouchet et al. (2005), Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Bouchet et al. (2017).
It was reranked as the family Knightitidae by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975).
It was assigned to Bellerophontoidea by Golikov and Starobogatov (1975); and to Bellerophontidae by Knight et al. (1960), Bouchet et al. (2005), Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Bouchet et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1956 | Knightitinae Knight |
| 1960 | Knightitinae Knight et al. p. 184 |
| 1975 | Knightitidae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 207 |
| 2005 | Knightitinae Bouchet et al. p. 241 |
| 2016 | Knightitinae Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 490 |
| 2017 | Knightitinae Bouchet et al. p. 332 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Knightitinae Knight 1956
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G. †Anapetopsis Peel 1975
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†Anapetopsis fasciatus Lindström 1884
†Anapetopsis fastigiatus Lindström 1884
†Anapetopsis lalajae Peel 1975
†Anapetopsis maclearni Peel 1975
G. †Cymatospira Knight 1942
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†Cymatospira alternodosa Whitfield 1882
†Cymatospira montfortianus Norwood and Pratten 1855
†Cymatospira welleri Thein and Nitecki 1974
†Knightites (Cymatospira) montfortianus discordis Hoare et al. 1997
G. †Knightites Moore 1941
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†Knightites bransoni Yochelson 1960
†Knightites maximus Yochelson 1960
†Knightites medius Yochelson 1960
†Knightites multicornutus Moore 1941
Invalid names: Knightites (Knightites) Moore 1941 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Patellilabia Knight 1945
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†Patellilabia alticarinata Wang 1980
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Invalid names: Patellilabia acutangula Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia anshunense Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia fragilis Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia mira Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia obliqua Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia papilionis Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia strictomarginata Wang 1980 [synonym], Patellilabia ventricula Wang 1980 [synonym]
†Patellilabia aplanata Gromczakiewicz-Lomnicka 1972
†Patellilabia britannica Peel 2016
†Patellilabia chesterensis Thein and Nitecki 1974
†Patellilabia junior Yochelson 1960
†Patellilabia laevigata Girty 1910
†Patellilabia rhombadella Jeffery et al. 1994
†Patellilabia scriptiferus White 1862
†Patellilabia sulcata Jeffery et al. 1994
†Patellilabia tentoriolum Knight 1945
Invalid names: Aiptospira Wang 1980 [synonym], Extendilabrum Wang 1980 [synonym], Singulitubus Wang 1980 [synonym], Tetratubispira Wang 1980 [synonym]
G. †Retispira Knight 1945
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†Knightites (Retispira) hanzawai Murata 1971
†Knightites (Retispira) striata Fleming 1828
†Knightites (Retispira) warthi Waagen 1883
†Retispira albapinensis Gordon and Yochelson 1983
†Retispira angustifasciata Waagen 1880
†Retispira asiatica Wirth 1936
†Retispira bellireticulata Knight 1945
†Retispira bilabiatus White and Whitfield 1862
†Retispira bimorpha Guo 1983
†Retispira bittneri Newell and Kummel 1942
†Retispira boltoni Weir 1931
†Retispira carinatus Tolmachoff 1930
†Retispira chenmazijingensis Guo 1983
†Retispira chernyshevi Mazaev 2015
†Retispira christinae Cook et al. 2003
†Retispira cincta Gordon and Yochelson 1987
†Retispira clarkei Dickins 1963
†Retispira concinna Weir 1931
†Retispira crucilirata Dickins 1963
†Retispira culleni Campbell and Engel 1963
†Retispira decussatus Fleming 1828
†Retispira deflectus Weller 1900
†Retispira devonica Hall and Whitfield 1872
†Retispira elegans de Ferrusac and d'Orbigny 1840
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Invalid names: Retispira decussata Sandberger and Sandberger 1855 [synonym]
†Retispira elevata Heidelberger 2001
†Retispira emerii Etheridge Jr. 1907
†Retispira espinasa Kues 2004
†Retispira fascireticulatus Hoare et al. 1997
†Retispira fragilis Yochelson 1960
†Retispira guizhouensis Pan 1982
†Retispira hibernicus Weir 1931
†Retispira hohenlimburgensis Heidelberger and Koch 2005
†Retispira integra Waagen 1880
†Retispira irwinensis Dickins 1963
†Retispira kattaensis Waagen 1880
†Retispira keyniana de Koninck 1844
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Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) waterkeynianus de Koninck 1883 [synonym]
†Retispira khaophrikensis Ketwetsuriya et al. 2020
†Retispira leda Hall 1859
†Retispira lyelli Gemmellaro 1889
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Invalid names: Bellerophon (Bucania) sosiensis Gemmellaro 1889 [synonym], Bucania nodulosa Mansuy 1914 [synonym], Knightites (Retispira) girtyi Yochelson 1960 [synonym], Retispira sosiensis Gemmellaro 1889 [synonym]
†Retispira makatikhae Jakowlew 1899
†Retispira marcouianus Geinitz 1866
†Retispira matanensis Pan and Yu 1993
†Retispira meekiana Shumard and Swallow 1858
†Retispira monronensis Weller 1916
†Retispira mowensis Peel 2016
†Retispira multicancellata Yu 1974
†Retispira multilirata Yoo 1994
†Retispira multiscalpta Thomas 1930
†Retispira navicula Sowerby 1840
†Retispira ningxiaensis Guo 1983
†Retispira nodocostata Gurley 1884
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Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) rugopleurus Gurley 1884 [synonym]
†Retispira nodulifera Hoare 1961
†Retispira nolani Gordon and Yochelson 1983
†Retispira ordinata Gordon and Yochelson 1987
†Retispira ornatissima Waagen 1880
†Retispira ornatus Weller 1920
†Retispira otsego Hall 1859
†Retispira patagoniensis Pinilla and Sabattini 2013
†Retispira perelegans White and Whitfield 1862
†Retispira puchenpraensis Waterhouse and Chen 2006
†Retispira qingshuiheensis Guo 1983
†Retispira qingshuihensis Guo 1983
†Retispira repertus Hall 1879
†Retispira reticulata Elias 1958
†Retispira reticulatus Tolmachoff 1930
†Retispira retifera Talent 1963
†Retispira rumpfi Kittl 1891
†Retispira schwelmensis Heidelberger and Koch 2005
†Retispira sinensis Pan and Erwin 2002
†Retispira solignaci Termier and Termier 1977
†Retispira strictocanalicula Wang 1980
†Retispira strictura Yu 1980
†Retispira subtilistriata Yin 1932
†Retispira suhaensis Kittl 1903
†Retispira tasselli Frýda 2000
†Retispira temnonema Batten 1972
†Retispira tenuilineata Gurley 1884
†Retispira tenuilirata Chronic 1949
†Retispira texana Yochelson 1960
†Retispira textiliformis Gurley 1883
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Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) bellus Keyes 1894 [synonym]
†Retispira triangularis Yoo 1994
†Retispira tumidus Sandberger and Sandberger 1853
†Retispira undata Etheridge 1876
†Retispira waverliensis Hyde 1953
†Retispira yochelsoni Jeffery et al. 1994
Invalid names: Retispira kansasensis Shumard 1858 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Hendy 2009, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Sheinwoodian to the top of the Julian or 433.40000 to 232.00000 Ma
Collections (487 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden (Gotland) | Bellerophon fasciatus (3973 3977) | |
| Homerian | Sweden (Gotland) | Bellerophon fastigiatus (13644) | |
| Pridoli | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Anapetopsis lalajae, Anapetopsis maclearni (154363) Anapetopsis maclearni (155398) | |
| Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Bucanopsis retifera (75693 75698) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Bellerophon sp. (608) | |
| Emsian | China (Nei Mongol) | Bucanopsis sp. (49135) | |
| Emsian | Australia (New South Wales) | Retispira retifera (43890) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Bellerophon carinatus (56282) Bellerophon carinatus, Bucanopsis reticulatus (56276) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Luxembourg | Bucanella tumida (232281 233203) | |
| Eifelian | Japan (Iwate) | Retispira sp. (104031) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | Aiptospira papilionis (111988) Extendilabrum alticarinatum (111989) Extendilabrum anshunense (111993) Retispira multicancellata, Retispira strictura (98029) Retispira sp. (197493) Retispira strictocanalicula (112015 112091) Singulitubus obliquus (112016) Tetratubispira micra, Aiptospira acutangula, Aiptospira papilionis, Aiptospira fragilis, Extendilabrum alticarinatum (111986) | |
| Changhsingian | India (Kashmir) | Retispira ornatissima, Retispira kattaensis (115373) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Xizang) | Retispira sp. (116130) | |
| Changhsingian | Pakistan | Bucania angustifasciata (89061) Bucania angustifasciata, Bucania integra (119554) Bucania integra (119657 126989) Bucania ornatissima (81504) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | Extendilabrum alticarinatum (149217) Extendilabrum papilionis, Extendilabrum heshanensis (56890) Retispira matanensis (56891) Retispira sinensis (56892) | |
| Changhsingian | Nepal | Retispira puchenpraensis (62442 62450 120386) | |
| Griesbachian | USA (Wyoming) | Bellerophon bittneri (121326) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Guizhou) | Euphemites guizhouensis (137818) Retispira asiatica (121324 121325 200985 200989) | |
| Carnian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (164208) | |
| Julian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (144632) | |