PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pliophoca

Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocidae

Taxonomy

Pliophoca was named by Tavani (1941).

It was assigned to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocidae by Mendez et al. (2000) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010); to Monachinae by Tavani (1941), Hendey (1972), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Berta (2009), Berta (2017), Dewaele et al. (2018) and Berta (2018); and to Monachini by Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982), Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Barnes (2008), Fulton and Strobeck (2010), Amson and Muizon (2013), Berta et al. (2015), Berta et al. (2018) and Kienle and Berta (2019).

Species

P. etrusca

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1941	Pliophoca Tavani p. 112 figs. Fig. 1, 2, 10, 13, 18, 22
1972	Pliophoca Hendey p. 100
1981	Pliophoca Muizon p. 135
1982	Pliophoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1997	Pliophoca McKenna and Bell p. 259
2000	Pliophoca Mendez et al. p. 24
2001	Pliophoca Koretsky p. 86
2002	Pliophoca Berta p. 923
2003	Pliophoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2008	Pliophoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 549
2008	Pliophoca Koretsky and Ray p. 103
2009	Pliophoca Berta p. 863
2010	Pliophoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2010	Pliophoca Werdelin and Peigne p. 648
2013	Pliophoca Amson and Muizon
2015	Pliophoca Berta et al. p. 3
2017	Pliophoca Berta p. 157
2018	Pliophoca Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018	Pliophoca Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Pliophoca Dewaele et al. p. 14
2019	Pliophoca Kienle and Berta

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Panpinnipedia	Wolsan et al. 2020
—	Pinnipedimorpha
—	Pinnipedia	()
family	Phocidae	()
subfamily	Monachinae
genus	Pliophoca

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pliophoca Tavani 1941

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†Pliophoca etrusca Tavani 1941

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteuc

Ontogeny:

modification of partsuc

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibiousuc

Diet:

piscivoref

Diet 2:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousuc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade

References: Carreño and Cronin 1993, Hendy et al. 2009, Gingerich 2003, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the Zanclean to the top of the Piacenzian or 5.33300 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (8 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Italy (Tuscany)	P. etrusca (96777)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Spain (Tarragona)	P. etrusca (165802)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Spain	P. etrusca (165803)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	France	Phoca occitana (56693)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	Italy	P. etrusca (96779)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Egypt	Pristiphoca occitana (22592)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Italy	P. etrusca (96765 190379)