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Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Phocidae

Taxonomy
Phoca vitulina was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was recombined as Callocephalus vitulinus by Gray (1850); it was recombined as Callocephalus vitulina by Gray (1866); it was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) vitulina by Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Friant (1947).

Subspecies
P. concolor, P. richardii, P. stejnegeri
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
P. groenlandicus, P. hispidia, P. melitensis, P. vitrulina

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Phoca vitulina Linnaeus p. 38
1847Phoca vitulina Nilsson p. 276
1848Halichoerus antarcticus Peale
1850Callocephalus vitulinus Gray p. 21
1866Phoca vitulina Gill p. 5
1866Callocephalus vitulina Gray p. 20
1871Halicyon pealei Gray p. 2
1873Phoca vitulina Scott p. 35
1880Phoca (Phoca) vitulina Allen p. 559
1898Phoca (Phoca) vitulina Trouessart p. 384
1902Phoca vitulina Hay p. 783
1904Phoca vitulina Trouessart p. 286
1911Phoca vitulina Thomas p. 134
1912Phoca vitulina Turner p. 179
1925Phoca vitulina Alekseev p. 138
1930Phoca vitulina Hay p. 562
1947Phoca (Phoca) vitulina Friant p. 7
1963Phoca vitulina Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1980Phoca vitulina Kurten and Anderson p. 204
1990Phoca vitulina Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1991Phoca vitulina Vidal p. 6
2001Phoca vitulina Koretsky p. 85
2003Phoca vitulina Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2004Phoca vitulina Davis et al. p. 365
2008Phoca vitulina Koretsky and Barnes p. 547
2014Phoca vitulina Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1
2018Phoca vitulina Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2019Phoca vitulina Kienle and Berta

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
RankNameAuthor
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—Pancarnivora
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—Panpinnipedia
—Pinnipedimorpha
—Pinnipedia()
familyPhocidae()
subfamilyPhocinae
genusPhoca
speciesvitulina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758 [harbor seal]
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Invalid names: Halichoerus antarcticus Peale 1848 [synonym]
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: hydroxyapatiteuc
Ontogeny: modification of partsuc
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: amphibiousuc
Diet: piscivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparousuc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-06-08 17:11:09
Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Gingerich 2003, Carreño and Cronin 1993

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.77400 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.21 Ma

Collections (40 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Scotland) Phoca vitulina (74233 140364 140365 140366)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Phoca vitulina (59062)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Phoca vitulina (20338)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Aomori) Phoca vitulina (101897)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Phoca vitulina, Cystophora cristata (51025)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Phoca vitulina (20645)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alaska) Phoca vitulina (20643)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Phoca vitulina (215657)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Phoca vitulina (59063 59064)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Phoca vitulina (168674)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Phoca vitulina (122450 176524)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Yukon) Phoca vitulina (228443)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Phoca vitulina (175995 230120)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Oregon) Phoca vitulina (162159)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Phoca vitulina (175980 175981 175982 175983)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Svalbard and Jan Mayen Phoca vitulina (168673)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Netherlands Phoca vitulina (55533)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Phoca vitulina (90098 175943 175944 175945 175946 175947 175948 175950 175951 175952 236014)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom Phoca vitulina (122112)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Massachusetts) Phoca vitulina (176525)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Phoca vitulina (191169)