PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Amphiuridae

Ophiuroidea - Amphilepidida - Amphiuridae

Taxonomy

Amphiuridae was named by Ljungman (1867). It is extant. Its type is Amphiura.

It was assigned to Zygophiurae by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Gnathophiurida by Matsumoto (1915); to Laemophiurida by Berry (1941); to Ophiurida by Skwarko (1963); to Gnathophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966); to Gnathophiuridea by Smith et al. (1995), Jagt (2000), Storc (2004), Storc and Zitt (2008); to Amphiuridea by O'Hara et al. (2017); and to Amphiuroidea by O'Hara et al. (2018).

Subtaxa

Amphioplus, Amphiura (type genus), Amphiurinae, Bibophiura, Deckersamphiura, Nullamphiura, Ophiactininae, Ophiocnida, Xanthamphiura

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1867	Amphiuridae Ljungman
1915	Amphiuridae Clark and Twitchell p. 23
1915	Amphiuridae Matsumoto p. 68
1941	Amphiuridae Berry p. 68
1963	Amphiuridae Skwarko p. 579
1966	Amphiuridae Spencer and Wright p. U100
1995	Amphiuridae Smith et al.
2000	Amphiuridae Jagt p. 21
2004	Amphiuridae Storc p. 37
2008	Amphiuridae Storc and Zitt p. 130
2017	Amphiuridae O'Hara et al.
2018	Amphiuridae O'Hara et al. p. 20

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Asterozoa	()
class	Ophiuroidea

Rank	Name	Author
suborder	Myophiurina	()
infraclass	Metophiurida	Matsumoto 1913
superorder	Ophintegrida
order	Amphilepidida
suborder	Gnathophiurina	()
superfamily	Amphiuroidea
family	Amphiuridae
family	Amphiuridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Amphiuridae Ljungman 1867

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G. Amphioplus Verrill 1899

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†Amphioplus uchigoensis Ishida 1992

†Amphioplus venezuelanus Berry 1941

G. Amphiura Forbes 1843

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†Amphiura cretacea Spencer 1907

†Amphiura lymani Waring 1917

†Amphiura plana Kutscher and Jagt 2000

†Amphiura sanctaecrucis Arnold 1908

G. †Bibophiura Bignot et al. 1987

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†Bibophiura operculifera Bignot et al. 1987

G. †Deckersamphiura Jagt 2000

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†Deckersamphiura inusitata Jagt 2000

†Deckersamphiura vitea Jagt 2001

G. Nullamphiura Fell 1962

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†Nullamphiura felli Skwarko 1963

G. Ophiocnida Lyman 1865

G. †Xanthamphiura Hess 1970

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†Xanthamphiura hauteriviensis Hess 1970

Invalid names: Amphiurinae Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Ophiactininae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calcitef

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Grouping:

gregariousf

Environment:

marinef

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

semi-infaunalf

Diet:

detritivoref

Diet 2:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

oviparousf

Dispersal:

waterf

Dispersal 2:

planktonicp

Comments:

FEEDING: Primarily surface deposit feeding, and secondarily suspension-feeders and predatory and scavenging carnivores according to Warner (1982).f

Created:

2009-09-07 00:31:15

Modified:

2009-09-11 15:51:02

Source: f = family, c = class, p = phylum

References: Spencer and Wright 1966, Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Tithonian to the top of the Tortonian or 149.20000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.06 Ma

Collections (25 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Amphiuridae indet. (35262)
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	France (Var)	Amphiuridae indet. (58575)
Late/Upper Hauterivian	132.6 - 125.77	Switzerland (Neuchatel)	Xanthamphiura hauteriviensis (31986)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Australia (Northern Territory)	Nullamphiura felli (80267)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	United Kingdom (England)	Amphiura cretacea (59055)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Czech Republic	Amphiura plana (58092)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Czech Republic	Amphiura plana (62041)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Czech Republic	Amphiura plana (99235)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	Amphiura plana (32024)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	France (Landes)	Amphiura sp. (213857 213878)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Netherlands (Limburg)	Deckersamphiura vitea (32037)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Belgium (Liege)	Amphiura plana (32147)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (California)	Amphiura lymani (193033)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Amphiura sp. (80284)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)	Amphiura plana (32022)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Belgium (Liege)	Amphiura plana (32148)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Denmark	Amphiura plana (32023)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Netherlands (Limburg)	Deckersamphiura inusitata (32167)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian	72.2 - 61.66	Netherlands	Amphiura plana, Deckersamphiura inusitata (32160)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	France	Bibophiura operculifera (138222)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	Japan (Fukushima)	Amphioplus uchigoensis (32038)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Venezuela (Zulia)	Amphioplus venezuelanus (204605)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	USA (California)	Amphiura sanctaecrucis (59159)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	USA (California)	Amphiura santaecrucis (37547)