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Scaphopoda (tusk shell)

Scaphopoda

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1862Scaphopoda Bronn
1895Scaphopoda Stanton
1984Scaphopoda Squires p. 15
1987Scaphopoda Squires p. 20
1987Scaphopoda Ward and Blackwelder p. 131
1988Scaphopoda Squires p. 7
2001Scaphopoda Wells and Houston p. 85
2002Scaphopoda Sepkoski
2006Scaphopoda Giribet et al. p. 7724

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
RankNameAuthor
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classScaphopodaBronn 1862
classScaphopodaBronn 1862

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Scaphopoda Bronn 1862 [tusk shell]
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Or. Dentaliida Da Costa 1776
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Fm. Anulidentaliidae Christikov 1975
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G. Anulidentalium Christikov 1975
G. Epirhabdoides Steiner 1999
Fm. †Baltodentaliidae Engeser and Riedel 1992
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G. †Baltodentalium Engeser and Riedel 1992
Fm. Calliodentaliidae Christikov 1975
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G. Calliodentalium Habe 1964
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Fm. Dentaliidae Gray 1834
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G. Antalis Adams and Adams 1854
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†Antalis acuta Hebert 1849
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Invalid names: Dentalium acutum Hebert 1849 [synonym], Dentalium grande Deshayes and Sismonda 1857 [synonym], Entalis appenninicus Sacco 1904 [synonym]
†Antalis angusta Deshayes 1861
Antalis antillarum d'Orbigny 1847
†Antalis bouei Deshayes 1825
†Antalis constricta Newton and Harris 1894
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Invalid names: Entaliopsis annulata Newton and Harris 1894 [synonym]
†Antalis interruptum Schröter 1854
†Antalis kickxii Nyst 1843
Antalis pretiosa Nuttall in Sowerby 1860
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Invalid names: Dentalium indianorum Carpenter 1864 [synonym]
†Dentalium (Antalis) danvillense Harris and Palmer 1947
†Dentalium (Antalis) vincense Harris and Palmer 1947
Invalid names: Entaliopsis Newton and Harris 1894 [synonym]
G. Coccodentalium Sacco 1896
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†Coccodentalium emersoni Squires 1988
G. Compressidentalium Habe 1963
G. Dentalium Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Fischer 1885
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Subg. Dentalium (Graptacme) Pilsbry and Sharpe 1897
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Subg. Dentalium (Pseudantilis) Monterosato 1884
Dentalium agassizi Pilsbry and Sharp 1897
†Dentalium alazanum Cooke 1928
†Dentalium angsananum Martin 1922
†Dentalium aratum Tate 1887
†Dentalium arcotinum Forbes 1846
†Dentalium arctum Pichler 1857
†Dentalium ashiyaensis Nagao 1928
†Dentalium atratum Tate 1887
†Dentalium bifrons Tate 1887
†Dentalium bitubatum Meyer 1886
†Dentalium bocasense Olsson 1922
†Dentalium caduloide Dall 1892
†Dentalium californicum Stanton 1895
†Dentalium cannaliculatum Klipstein 1843
†Dentalium cazadorianum Wilckens 1907
†Dentalium cooperi Gabb 1864
†Dentalium cossmannianum Pilsbry and Sharp 1897
†Dentalium decoratum Münster 1841
†Dentalium denotatum Ludbrook 1956
†Dentalium dumblei Harris 1933
†Dentalium giganteum Sowerby 1846
†Dentalium gonatodes Martin 1885
†Dentalium gracilis Hall and Meek 1855
†Dentalium hamatum Forbes 1846
†Dentalium hanguense Cox 1930
†Dentalium hecetaensis Rohr et al. 2006
†Dentalium indianum Girty 1911
†Dentalium junghuhni Martin 1879
†Dentalium klipsteini Kittl 1891
†Dentalium laeve Schlotheim 1820
†Dentalium laevigatum Ponzi 1876
Dentalium laqueatum Verrill 1885
†Dentalium leve Stephenson 1923
†Dentalium lombardicum Kittl 1899
†Dentalium mancorens Olsson 1930
†Dentalium microstria Heilprin 1880
†Dentalium montense Briart and Cornet 1889
†Dentalium moreanum d'Orbigny 1845
†Dentalium nanaimoense Meek 1858
Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp and Pilsbry 1897
†Dentalium ovale Cooke 1928
†Dentalium porterensis Weaver 1912
†Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry and Sharp 1898
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Invalid names: Dentalium conradi Dall 1909 [synonym], Dentalium petricola Dall 1909 [synonym]
†Dentalium radiolineata Clark 1918
†Dentalium rimosum Bose 1906
†Dentalium rugiferum von Koenen 1885
†Dentalium sacheri Alth 1850
†Dentalium sandbergeri Cossmann and Lambert 1884
†Dentalium schencki Moore 1963
†Dentalium schlosseri Traub 1938
†Dentalium simile Münster 1841
†Dentalium solidum Hutton 1873
†Dentalium sorbii King 1850
†Dentalium soriense Eames 1952
†Dentalium speyeri Geinitz 1852
†Dentalium stentor Anderson and Hanna 1925
†Dentalium stramineum Gabb 1864
†Dentalium sundkrogensis Schnetler 2001
†Dentalium tenuistriatum Martin 1879
†Dentalium triquetrum Tate 1887
†Dentalium vacavillensis Palmer 1923
†Dentalium yasilum Olsson 1930
G. †Eodentalium Medina and del Valle 1985
G. Eudentalium Cotton and Godfrey 1933
G. Fissidentalium Fischer 1885
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†Fissidentalium badense Hörnes 1856
†Fissidentalium granadanum Anderson 1929
†Fissidentalium mantelli Zittel 1865
†Fissidentalium rei Maxwell 1992
†Fissidentalium solidissimum Pilsbry and Brown 1917
G. Graptacme Pilsbry 1897
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+
Invalid names: Dentalium semipolitum Broderip and Sowerby 1829 [synonym]
G. Lentigodentalium Habe 1963
G. †Minodentalium Asato and Kase 2021
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†Minodentalium furcatum Waterhouse 1980
†Minodentalium girtyi Knight 1940
†Minodentalium hayasakai Asato and Kase 2021
†Minodentalium herculeum de Koninck 1863
†Minodentalium ingens de Koninck 1843
†Minodentalium meekianum Geinitz 1866
†Minodentalium okumurai Asato and Kase 2021
†Minodentalium priscum Goldfuss 1841
†Minodentalium prosseri Morningstar 1922
G. †Paleodentalium Gentile 1974
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†Paleodentalium kansasense Gentile 1974
G. Paradentalium Cotton and Godfrey 1933
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+
Invalid names: Dentalium texasianum Philippi 1849 [synonym]
Paradentalium disparile d'Orbigny 1847
G. Pictodentalium Habe 1963
G. †Plagioglypta Pilsbry 1898
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†Plagioglypta annulostriata Meek and Worthen 1870
†Plagioglypta undulata Münster 1841
G. Schizodentalium Sowerby 1894
G. Striodentalium Habe 1964
G. Tesseracme Pilsbry 1898
Fm. Fustiariidae Steiner 1991
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G. Fustiaria Stoliczka 1868
Fm. Gadilinidae Christikov 1975
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Subfm. Episiphoninae Christikov 1975
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G. Episiphon Pilsbry 1897
Subfm. Gadilininae Christikov 1975
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G. Gadilina Foresti 1895
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†Gadilina taurogracilis Sacco 1897
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Invalid names: Gadilina triquetra Sacco 1897 [synonym]
Subfm. Lobantalinae Christikov 1975
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G. Lobantale Cossmann 1888
Fm. Laevidentaliidae Palmer 1974
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G. Laevidentalium Cossmann 1888
G. †Pipadentalium Yoo 1988
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G. †Scissuradentalium Yoo 1988
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Fm. Omniglyptidae Christikov 1975
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G. Omniglypta Kuroda 1953
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†Omniglypta jani Hoernes 1956
Fm. †Prodentaliidae Starobogatov 1974
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G. †Prodentalium Young 1942
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†Prodentalium akasakensis Hayasaka 1925
†Prodentalium belcheri Nassichuk and Hodgkinson 1976
†Prodentalium canna White 1874
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Invalid names: Plagioglypta monolineata Branson 1930 [synonym], Prodentalium mexicanum Girty 1909 [synonym]
†Prodentalium neornatum Hayasaka 1925
†Prodentalium onoi Asato and Kase 2021
†Prodentalium raymondi Young 1942
†Prodentalium sublaeve Hall 1877
G. †Progadilina Palmer 1942
Fm. Rhabdidae Christikov 1975
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G. Rhabdus Pilsbry and Sharp 1897
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Rhabdus rectius Carpenter 1864
G. †Suevidontus Engeser et al. 1993
G. Entalis Sowerby 1839
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Dentalium (Entalis) whiteavesi Anderson and Hanna 1935
†Entalis acriculum Tate 1887
†Entalis annulatum Tate 1887
†Entalis multiplicans Kittl 1903
†Entalis orahovicensis Kittl 1903
†Entalis ornata de Koninck 1843
†Entalis subfissura Tate 1887
†Entalis turcica Kittl 1903
†Entalis walciodorensis de Koninck 1883
Or. Gadilida Starobogatov 1982
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G. Compressidens Pilsbry and Sharp 1897
Subor. Entalimorpha Steiner 1992
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Fm. Entalinidae Christikov 1979
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Subfm. Bathoxiphinae Christikov 1983
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G. Bathoxiphus Pilsbry 1897
G. Rhomboxiphus Christikov 1983
G. Solenoxiphus Christikov 1983
Subfm. Entalininae Christikov 1979
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G. Entalina Monterosato 1872
Subfm. Heteroschismoidinae Christikov 1982
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G. Entalinopsis Habe 1957
G. Heteroschismoides Ludbrook 1960
G. Pertusiconcha Christikov 1982
G. Spadentalina Habe 1963
Subor. Gadilimorpha Steiner 1992
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Fm. Gadilidae Stoliczka 1868
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G. †Calstevenus Yancey 1973
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†Calstevenus arcturus Yancey 1973
Subfm. Gadilinae Stoliczka 1868
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G. Bathycadulus Scarabino 1995
G. Cadulus Philippi 1844
G. Costentalina Christikov 1982
G. Gadila Gray 1847
G. †Sulcogadila Moroni and Ruggieri 1981
G. Gadilopsis Woodring 1925
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†Cadulus (Gadilopsis) leptodoma Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
Subfm. †Siphonodentaliinae Simroth 1894
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G. Dischides Jeffreys 1867
G. Polyschides Pilsbry 1898
G. Sagamicadulus Sakurai and Shimazu 1963
G. Siphonodentalium Sars 1859
G. †Striocadulus Emerson 1962
Fm. Pulsellidae Stoliczka 1868
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G. Annulipulsellum Scarabino 1986
G. Pulsellum Stoliczka 1868
G. Striopulsellum Scarabino 1995
Fm. Wemersoniellidae Scarabino 1986
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G. Christikovia Scarabino 1995
G. Wemersoniella Scarabino 1986
G. Megaentalina Habe 1963
G. †Throopella Greger 1933
Invalid names: Dentalioida Palmer 1974 [empty], Dentaloidea Pojeta 1987 [empty], Solenoconchia [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: slow-movingc
Life habit: shallow infaunalc
Diet: deposit feederc
Vision: blindc
Comments: ECOSPACE: 523. LIFE HISTORY: Predator, mainly Foraminifera, but also other micro-prey, according to Kiel & Goedert (2006); shallow infaunal, slow, miner according to Bambach et al. (2007).c
Created: 2004-02-28 14:50:41
Modified: 2010-02-15 07:07:35
Source: c = class
Reference: Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ludlow to the top of the Holocene or 427.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 423.0 Ma

Collections (2561 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0USA (Alaska) Dentalium hecetaensis (85025)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5USA (Alaska) Scaphopoda indet. (49107)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Manitoba) Dentalium sp. (228168 228173 228423 228424 228425)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Australia (New South Wales) Pipadentalium protruberans, Plagioglypta numerosa, Scissuradentalium runnegari, Fissidentalium longistriatum (44158) Plagioglypta numerosa (44159 44161)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7USA (Iowa) Scaphopoda indet. (3309)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (California) Dentalium sp. (214521)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Scaphopoda indet. (163)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Kansas) Scaphopoda indet. (109)
Chadian346.7 - 340.0Czech Republic Laevidentalium sp. (38088)
Meramecian343.0 - 335.5USA (Nevada) Dentalium sp., Plagioglypta sp. (62674)
Meramecian343.0 - 335.5USA (Texas) Plagioglypta sp. (568)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9Ireland (Cork) Dentalium ornatum (184504)
Chesterian335.5 - 323.2USA (Iowa) Laevidentalium sp. (3294)
Chesterian335.5 - 323.2USA (Nevada) Plagioglypta sp. (77065)
Chesterian - Virgilian335.5 - 298.9USA (California) Scaphopoda indet. (589)
Late/Upper Mississippian330.9 - 323.2USA (California) Scaphopoda indet. (143607 143609 143613 143625)
Late/Upper Mississippian330.9 - 323.2USA (Alaska) Laevidentalium venustum (112183)
Serpukhovian330.9 - 323.2USA (Oklahoma) Laevidentalium venustum, Plagioglypta annulostriatum (5611)
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9USA (California) Scaphopoda indet. (143614)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Kentucky) Scaphopoda indet. (195795)