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Ophiura
Taxonomy
Ophiura was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi-u R]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Ophiuridae.
It was assigned to Ophiomastinae by Matsumoto (1915) and Wolburg (1939); to Ophiolepididae by Berry (1941); to Ophiurinae by Lyman (1865) and Spencer and Wright (1966); to Ophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ophiuridae by Stöhr et al. (2011) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ophiomastinae by Matsumoto (1915) and Wolburg (1939); to Ophiolepididae by Berry (1941); to Ophiurinae by Lyman (1865) and Spencer and Wright (1966); to Ophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ophiuridae by Stöhr et al. (2011) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
Species
Ophioglypha bridgerensis, Ophioglypha paronai, Ophioglypha pulchra, Ophioglypha utahensis, O. (Aspidura), O. (Ophioglypha) estarensis, O. achatae, O. astonensis, O. bartonensis, O. bognoriensis, O. carpelloides, O. costata, O. cretacea, O. cunliffei, O. davisi, O. furiae, O. graysonensis, O. hendleri, O. kunradeca, O. marylandica, O. olifex, O. ophiura, O. paucilepis, O. sarsii, O. serrata (syn. Ophioderma arkonensis, O. parvisentum, Ophioglypha gracilis), O. sternbergica, O. straini, O. texana, O. tinurtiensis, O. travisana, O. wetherelli
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Ophiura Lamarck |
| 1860 | Ophioglypha Lyman |
| 1865 | Ophiura Lyman |
| 1915 | Ophioglypha Clark and Twitchell p. 29 |
| 1915 | Ophiura Matsumoto p. 76 |
| 1939 | Ophiura Wolburg p. 24 |
| 1941 | Ophiura Berry p. 61 |
| 1957 | Ophiura (Ophioglypha) Barbier et al. |
| 1966 | Ophiura Spencer and Wright p. U95 |
| 2002 | Ophiura Sepkoski |
| 2011 | Ophiura Stöhr et al. p. 115 |
| 2018 | Ophiura O'Hara et al. p. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ophiura Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Ophiura (Aspidura) von Hagenow 1840
†Ophiura achatae Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura astonensis Hess 1964
†Ophiura bartonensis Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura bognoriensis Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura carpelloides Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura costata Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura cretacea Guéranger 1853
†Ophiura cunliffei Forbes 1846
†Ophiura davisi Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura furiae Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura graysonensis Alexander 1931
†Ophiura hendleri Blake and Aronson 1998
†Ophiura kunradeca Berry 1938
†Ophiura marylandica Berry 1934
†Ophiura olifex Quenstedt 1876
Ophiura ophiura Linnaeus 1758
†Ophiura paucilepis Stöhr et al. 2011
Ophiura sarsii Lütken 1856
†Ophiura serrata Roemer 1841
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Invalid names: Ophioderma arkonensis Müller 1950 [synonym], Ophioglypha gracilis Valette 1914 [synonym], Ophiura parvisentum Spencer 1907 [synonym]
†Ophiura sternbergica Kutscher 1981
†Ophiura straini Cornell et al. 1991
†Ophiura texana Clark 1893
†Ophiura tinurtiensis Valette 1929
†Ophiura travisana Berry 1941
†Ophiura wetherelli Forbes 1852
Invalid names: Ophioglypha Lyman 1860 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. Matsumoto 1915 | Disk low, flat, covered with plates and scales, among which the primaries are usually very prominent,. Radial shields usually separated from each other, sometimes more or less joined in pairs. Second oral tentacle pores open nearly or entirely outside oral slits,
very large, beset with numerous scales. Genital papillae, and usually also arm combs, present. Arms low, often flattened. Dorsal arm plates usually well developed and in contact with each other. Lateral arm plates low, those of the two sides being in contact with each other below. Three or more arm spines of variable length. Tentacle pores of one or two innermost pairs large and beset with rather numerous scales, but those beyond very small and beset with a few scales. | |
| S. Stöhr et al. 2011 | Disc low, flat, covered by small, imbricating plates, primary rosette usually distinct. Radial shields more or less separated. Arms not stout, gradually tapering, usually deep incisions next to arm bases (distal bursal slits). Dorsal arm plates well developed, adjacent plates usually contiguous, several proximal dorsal plates included in the disc, separating radial shields. Genital papillae well developed, arm combs present. Second oral tentacle pore opens into mouth slit, beset with numerous small papillae, which often form a continuous row with the oral papillae. Ventral arm plates much wider than long, usually separated,
at least outside disc. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Jurassic to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 201.40000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 201.3 Ma
Collections (80 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | O. sp. (120897) | |
| Rhaetian | France | O. estarensis (79691) | |
| Jurassic | USA (Utah) | Ophioglypha utahensis (58639) | |
| Sinemurian | Luxembourg | O. astonensis (32014) | |
| Pliensbachian | France | O. astonensis (106348) | |
| Late/Upper Pliensbachian | United Kingdom (England) | O. astonensis (59030) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian - Middle Toarcian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | O. astonensis (31987) | |
| Middle Toarcian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | O. astonensis (31839) | |
| Late/Upper Toarcian | Germany (Thüringen) | O. astonensis (31988) | |
| Early/Lower Aalenian | France | O. tinurtiensis (58931) | |
| Early/Lower Aalenian | Germany (Bayern) | O. astonensis (31989) | |
| Middle Aalenian - Early/Lower Bajocian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | O. astonensis (31990) | |
| Berriasian - Valanginian | Canada (Yukon) | O. sp. (80273) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | USA (Texas) | Ophioglypha graysonensis (80258) | |
| Albian | USA (New Mexico) | O. straini (62133 62136 62140) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | USA (Texas) | Ophioglypha texana (58637 203424) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Montana) | Ophioglypha bridgerensis (58638) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Texas) | O. travisana (80260) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Czech Republic | O. serrata (35109 64044) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | France | O. cretacea (59791) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Czech Republic | O. serrata (58092) | |
| Turonian | Czech Republic | Ophiotitanos serrata (58578) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Czech Republic | O. serrata (35163 62041 62042 62043) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | Czech Republic | Ophiotitanos serrata, Ophiolepis pulchra (99235) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | O. serrata (71069) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | France | Ophioglypha gracilis, Ophioglypha pulchra (58921) | |
| Coniacian | France | Ophioglypha parvisentis (58920) | |
| Coniacian - Santonian | United Kingdom | O. serrata (59054) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian | United Kingdom | O. serrata (63046) | |
| Campanian | France | Ophioglypha serrata (58925) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | France | Ophioglypha parvisentis (58919) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Germany | Ophiotitanos serrata (64005) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Belgium (Liege) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32147) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32024) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | France (Landes) | Ophiotitanos serrata (38807 38808 38809 38810 213855 213870) | |
| Maastrichtian | Spain | O. serrata (59070) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32022) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian | Denmark | Ophiotitanos serrata (32023) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands | Ophiotitanos serrata (32161) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium (Liege) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32156) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32159) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian | Netherlands | Ophiotitanos serrata (32162) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Ophiotitanos serrata (32169) | |
| Danian | USA (New Jersey) | O. serrata (58941) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | O. serrata (3113) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica | O. hendleri (203501) | |
| Lutetian | Antarctica | O. hendleri (98514 203481 203482 203486 203487 203497) | |
| Lutetian - Priabonian | Antarctica | O. hendleri (203485 203489 203494 203496) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Ophioglypha sp. (42636) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Venezuela (Zulia) | O. sp. (204604) | |
| Oligocene | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | O. sp. (32013) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | O. sternbergica (32012) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | O. sp. (46977) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Maryland) | O. marylandica (81519) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | O. paucilepis (59003) | |
| Pleistocene | Italy | O. ophiura (62348 62349) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greenland | O. sarsi (75179) | |
| Middle Pleistocene (late glacial) | Canada (New Brunswick) | O. sarsii (210895) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greenland | O. robusta, O. sp., O. sarsii (227031) |