PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Euphagus (blackbird)

Osteichthyes - Passeriformes - Icteridae

Taxonomy

Euphagus was named by Cassin (1866). It is extant. Its type is Psarocolius cyanocephalus.

It was assigned to Icteridae by Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Shoshani et al. (1989), Clements et al. (2017).

Species

E. affinis, E. cyanocephalus, E. magnirostris

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1866	Euphagus Cassin
1930	Euphagus Hay p. 358
1933	Euphagus Lambrecht p. 643
1940	Euphagus Wetmore p. 76
1956	Euphagus Wetmore p. 96
1989	Euphagus Shoshani et al. p. 436
2017	Euphagus Clements et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Icteridae	Vigors 1825
genus	Euphagus	Cassin 1866

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Euphagus Cassin 1866 [blackbird]

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†Euphagus affinis Shufeldt 1891

Euphagus cyanocephalus Wagler 1829 [Brewer's blackbird]

†Euphagus magnirostris Miller 1929 [large-billed blackbird]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialsubf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

volantsubf

Diet:

insectivoresubf

Diet 2:

frugivoresubf

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 16:48:48

Modified:

2009-01-03 18:48:48

Source: subf = subfamily, o = order

References: Kiessling 2004, Naka 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma

Collections (9 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Gelasian	2.58 - 1.8	USA (Florida)	Euphagus sp., Euphagus cyanocephalus (20384)
Rancholabrean	0.21 - 0.014	Mexico (Sonora)	Euphagus cyanocephalus (20495)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Euphagus cyanocephalus (123918 155409) Euphagus magnirostris (190077)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Wyoming)	Euphagus cyanocephalus, Euphagus magnirostris (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Oregon)	Euphagus cyanocephalus (93251) Scolecophagus affinis (176222)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	Venezuela (Zulia)	Euphagus magnirostris (63515)