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Straparollus (Philoxene)
Taxonomy
Philoxene was named by Kayser (1889) [Sepkoski's age data: D Give D Fras]. It is not extant. Its type is Euomphalus laevis.
It was reranked as Straparollus (Philoxene) by Knight et al. (1960).
It was assigned to Straparollus by Knight et al. (1960); to Euomphalidae by Morris and Cleevely (1981); and to Euomphalina by Sepkoski (2002).
It was reranked as Straparollus (Philoxene) by Knight et al. (1960).
It was assigned to Straparollus by Knight et al. (1960); to Euomphalidae by Morris and Cleevely (1981); and to Euomphalina by Sepkoski (2002).
Subtaxa
Philoxene alacer, Philoxene argutus, Philoxene caementarius, Philoxene cyclostomus (syn. Philoxene marylandicus), Philoxene laevis (syn. Philoxene serpens), Philoxene mopsus, Philoxene mortoni, Philoxene paveyi, Philoxene perlongus, Philoxene perprofondus, Philoxene planiformis, Philoxene plicatulus, Philoxene praestans, Philoxene retrorsus, Philoxene sodalis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1889 | Philoxene Kayser |
| 1960 | Straparollus (Philoxene) Knight et al. p. 192 |
| 1981 | Philoxene Morris and Cleevely |
| 2002 | Philoxene Sepkoski |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. †Straparollus (Philoxene) Kayser 1889
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†Philoxene alacer Perner 1903
†Philoxene argutus Fenton and Fenton 1924
†Philoxene caementarius Blodgett and Johnson 1992
†Philoxene cyclostomus Hall 1858
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Invalid names: Philoxene marylandicus Clarke and Swartz 1913 [synonym]
†Philoxene laevis d’Archiac and de Verneuil 1842
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Invalid names: Philoxene serpens Phillips 1841 [synonym]
†Philoxene mopsus Hall 1868
†Philoxene mortoni Linsley and Yochelson 1973
†Philoxene paveyi Foerste 1923
†Philoxene perlongus Perner 1903
†Philoxene perprofondus Perner 1903
†Philoxene planiformis Heidelberger and Bandel 1999
†Philoxene plicatulus Perner 1903
†Philoxene praestans Perner 1903
†Philoxene retrorsus Römer 1850
†Philoxene sodalis Perner 1903
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Wagner 2023 | |||||
Age range: base of the Rhuddanian to the top of the Late/Upper Frasnian or 443.40000 to 376.10000 Ma
Collections (58 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Straparollus alacer (206543 206560) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Straparollus alacer (138752) | |
| Wenlock | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Straparollus alacer (206378 206379 206380 206381 206386) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | USA (Wisconsin) | Philoxene mopsus, Philoxene paveyi (24944) | |
| Wenlock - Silurian | USA (Wisconsin) | Straparollus mopsus (13075 13104 13107) | |
| Homerian | Czech Republic (Praha) | Phymatifer plicatulus (155396) | |
| Gorstian | Czech Republic (Hlavni města Praha) | Straparollus sodalis (104940) | |
| Gorstian | Czech Republic | Phymatifer plicatulus (155561) | |
| Gorstian | Czech Republic (Praha) | Straparollus perlongus, Straparollus sodalis (154949) | |
| Ludlow | Czech Republic | Straparollus alacer (144741) | |
| Ludlow | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Straparollus alacer (206346) | |
| Pridoli | Czech Republic (Praha) | Straparollus alacer, Straparollus praestans (155864) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | Russian Federation (Nenets) | Philoxene serpens (81605) | |
| Pragian | Czech Republic (Bohemia) | Straparollus perprofondus (104794) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Philoxene serpens (56276) | |
| Eifelian | Germany | Straparollus laevis (49784 60134) | |
| Eifelian | USA (Nevada) | Straparollus caementarius (3830) | |
| Eifelian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Euomphalus retrorsus (25063) | |
| Givetian | USA (Iowa) | Straparollus cyclostomus (98032) | |
| Givetian | United Kingdom (England) | Philoxene laevis, Philoxene serpens (129878 130270) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Hessen) | Straparollus laevis (38353 38354 38355 38356 38361) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Straparollus laevis (38358 38360) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Philoxene sp. (112146) Straparollus laevis (38362) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Sauerland) | Straparollus planiformis (56160) | |
| Givetian | USA (Michigan) | Straparollus sp. (85061) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) | Straparollus serpens (75504 75507) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland | Straparollus laevis (73158 73159 75494) | |
| Frasnian | Canada (Alberta) | Philoxene sp. (630) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Maryland) | Straparollus marylandicus (154838) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Iowa) | Straparollus argutus (3404 56255 56362) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Poland (Wojewodztwo Swietokrzyskie) | Straparollus serpens (62174) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Poland | Straparollus serpens (62178) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Poland | Straparollus laevis (73160) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) | Straparollus serpens (75501) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Germany | Euomphalus laevis (37046) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian | Germany | Philoxene laevis (28047) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) | Straparollus serpens (75502) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Poland (Wojewodztwo Swietokrzyskie) | Straparollus serpens (62176) |