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Hexasaturnalinae

Protozoa - Entactinaria - Saturnalidae

Taxonomy
Hexasaturnalinae was named by Kozur and Mostler (1983). Its type is Hexasaturnalis.

It was assigned to Saturnalidae by De Wever et al. (2001).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1983Hexasaturnalinae Kozur and Mostler
2001Hexasaturnalinae De Wever et al. p. 208

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
classReticulareaLankester 1885
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
RankNameAuthor
superorderPolycystina(Ehrenberg 1838)
orderEntactinariaKozur and Mostler 1982
familySaturnalidaeDeflandre 1953
subfamilyHexasaturnalinaeKozur and Mostler 1983
subfamilyHexasaturnalinaeKozur and Mostler 1983

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Hexasaturnalinae Kozur and Mostler 1983
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G. †Dicerosaturnalis Dumitrica and Dumitrica-Jud 1994
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G. †Eospongosaturninus Kozur and Mostler 1990
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G. †Hexasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983
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†Hexasaturnalis octopus Gorican et al. 2006
Invalid names: Kozurastrum De Wever 1984 [synonym], Yaosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1983 [synonym]
G. †Octosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler 1990
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†Octosaturnalis carinatus Kozur and Mostler 1990
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 09:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range: base of the Anisian to the top of the Late/Upper Aptian or 246.70000 to 113.20000 Ma

Collections (249 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Anisian - Ladinian246.7 - 237.0Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Kozurastrum hexaspinosum, Kozurastrum multidentatus, Kozurastrum quadriradiatus (220633) Kozurastrum quadriradiatus (220632)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Mexico Acanthocircus hexagonus (131142 131144 131147)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Canada (British Columbia) Kozurastrum sp. A (94695)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Mexico Acanthocircus hexagonus (131157 131164)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Austria Octosaturnalis carinatus (94848)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Canada (British Columbia) Kozurastrum beattiense (94740 94749) Kozurastrum beattiense, Kozurastrum sandspitense (94734 94736) Kozurastrum sandspitense (94724 94726 94728 94729 94733 94744 94747 94756 94763) Kozurastrum sp. B (94713 94738 94754) Kozurastrum sp. B, Kozurastrum beattiense (94743) Kozurastrum sp. B, Kozurastrum beattiense, Kozurastrum sandspitense (94737 94741) Kozurastrum sp. B, Kozurastrum sandspitense (94730 94753 94755)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4Philippines (Palawan) Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis (95145)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7Japan Kozurastrum sp. 1 (120134 120136)
Late/Upper Sinemurian199.5 - 192.9Canada (British Columbia) Kozurastrum sp. A (94345 94346 94350 94351 94357 94359 94362 94382 94384 94385)
Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian192.9 - 182.9Japan Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (124895)
Early/Lower Toarcian184.2 - 182.9Japan Hexasaturnalis sp. (124830)
Toarcian - Aalenian184.2 - 170.9USA (California) Acanthocircus hexagonus (185336)
Middle Toarcian182.9 - 180.4Japan Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (124797)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.9 - 174.7Japan Acanthocircus hexagonus (120006 120008 120011 120012 120071 120072 120073 120074) Acanthocircus hexagonus, Eospongosaturninus protoformis (120007) Acanthocircus hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis octopus (120005 120010) Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus hexagonus, Eospongosaturninus protoformis (120009) Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (120191 120192 120270)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian182.9 - 174.7Canada (British Columbia) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (71095) Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (71096 71098 71099)
Middle Toarcian - Aalenian182.9 - 170.9Japan Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (124900) Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (124897 124898)
Middle Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian182.9 - 170.9Greece Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (142133)
Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Canada (British Columbia) Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (71127)
Aalenian174.7 - 170.9China (Tibet) Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (51617)
Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Acanthocircus hexagonus (120014 120017) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (120015) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Eospongosaturninus protoformis (120018) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (120016) Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus hexagonus (120013 120019)
Early/Lower Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Canada (British Columbia) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (119855)
Early/Lower Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Mesosaturnalis hexagonus (120193 120194 120195 120196)
Early/Lower Aalenian - Middle Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus protoformis (51711)
Late/Upper Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan (Kochi) Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (66916)
Late/Upper Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Spain Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Eospongosaturninus protoformis (120127)
Late/Upper Aalenian174.7 - 170.9Japan Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (54166) Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus protoformis, Hexasaturnalis sp. A (51712)
Aalenian - Bajocian174.7 - 168.2Spain Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (131813)
Aalenian - Bajocian174.7 - 168.2India (Jammu and Kashmir) Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (131359)
Aalenian - Middle Bathonian174.7 - 165.3India (Jammu and Kashmir) Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (131356)
Early/Lower Bajocian170.9 - 168.6Japan Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus protoformis, Hexasaturnalis sp. A (51713)
Bajocian170.9 - 168.2Spain Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (131816) Hexasaturnalis sp. 1, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (131814) Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (131815)
Bajocian170.9 - 168.2Greece Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (142137) Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (142122)
Bajocian170.9 - 168.2Oman Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (125304) Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Eospongosaturninus protoformis (125362)
Bajocian - Late/Upper Bajocian170.9 - 168.2Greece Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus (142125)
Early/Lower Bajocian - Late/Upper Bajocian170.9 - 168.2Armenia Hexasaturnalis hexagonus (131354) Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (131355)
Late/Upper Bajocian168.6 - 168.2Japan Hexasaturnalis hexagonus, Hexasaturnalis tetraspinus, Acanthocircus protoformis (51714)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian168.6 - 165.3Costa Rica Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (209714)
Middle Bathonian168.2 - 165.3Switzerland Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (66939)
Bathonian - Early/Lower Callovian168.2 - 161.5Oman Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (125283)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Callovian168.2 - 161.5Oman Hexasaturnalis minor (125375)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Callovian168.2 - 161.5Romania Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78704)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Callovian168.2 - 161.5Italy Hexasaturnalis minor (51087)
Callovian165.3 - 161.5Italy Dicerosaturnalis angustus (89644) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (89639) Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (89642)
Middle Callovian165.3 - 161.5Italy Acanthocircus protoformis (53907)
Middle Callovian - Late/Upper Callovian165.3 - 161.5Italy Dicerosaturnalis angustus (51089)
Late/Upper Callovian - Oxfordian165.3 - 154.8Oman Hexasaturnalis minor, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (125371)
Early/Lower Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Mexico (San Luis Potosi) Acanthocircus protoformis (50754)
Early/Lower Oxfordian - Middle Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Mexico (San Luis Potosi) Acanthocircus protoformis (50755 50756)
Early/Lower Oxfordian - Middle Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Oman Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (125307)
Middle Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Romania Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78677)
Middle Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Italy Hexasaturnalis minor (78756 78919 78920 78921 78923) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis suboblongus, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (51091)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Oman Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (125377)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Romania Hexasaturnalis minor, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78705 78706) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78681) Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78680)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Italy Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78760) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78757 78759) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78758 78924)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Romania Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78679) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78678)
Oxfordian161.5 - 154.8Oman Hexasaturnalis minor (125376) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (125278)
Late/Upper Oxfordian157.9 - 154.8Italy Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (51094)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian157.9 - 152.21Italy Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78926) Hexasaturnalis minor (78918 78925) Hexasaturnalis minor, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78915 78917) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78770) Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78928 78930) Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi, Dicerosaturnalis angustus (78769)
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Late/Upper Kimmeridgian157.9 - 149.2Italy Hexasaturnalis minor, Dicerosaturnalis trizonalis (78975) Hexasaturnalis minor, Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78976) Hexasaturnalis nakasekoi (78974)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21Oman Dicerosaturnalis angustus, Dicerosaturnalis trizonalis (125308)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian154.8 - 152.21Italy Hexasaturnalis minor (78773)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Oman Dicerosaturnalis minor (125300) Hexasaturnalis minor (125379) Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (125378)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Italy Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (47166) Dicerosaturnalis trizonalis (78777)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian152.21 - 145.06Russian Federation Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51616)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51220)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Italy Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (47165 47167)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Mexico (San Luis Potosi) Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51760 51762 51764 51765) Acanthocircus dicranacanthos, Acanthocircus protoformis (51755 51763 51767 51770 51773 51776)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06USA (California) Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (50740 50741) Acanthocircus protoformis (50743)
Early/Lower Tithonian - Middle Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51222 51224 51225 51226)
Middle Tithonian - Late/Upper Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51192 51230)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125380 125381)
Tithonian - Berriasian149.2 - 137.05Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125366)
Late/Upper Tithonian145.06 - 143.1Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51193 51194 51195 51203 51204 51205 51206 51207 51233)
Late/Upper Tithonian145.06 - 143.1Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125288 125301 125309)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Russian Federation Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51289)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian145.06 - 141.0Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51196 51208 51209)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Berriasian145.06 - 137.05Germany Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (47169)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Berriasian145.06 - 137.05Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125364 125383)
Early/Lower Berriasian143.1 - 141.0Philippines Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51153)
Early/Lower Berriasian143.1 - 141.0Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125365)
Berriasian143.1 - 137.05Austria Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51197 51200 51201 51202 51210 51211 51212 51214)
Berriasian143.1 - 137.05Oman Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (47172 47173 47174 47175 47176 47177 47178) Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125289 125368 125384) Dicerosaturnalis longispinosus, Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125310)
Berriasian - Valanginian143.1 - 132.6Germany Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51216)
Late/Upper Berriasian139.1 - 137.05Oman Dicerosaturnalis longispinosus, Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125355)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Early/Lower Valanginian139.1 - 132.6Oman Dicerosaturnalis longispinosus, Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125291)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125356)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Germany Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51217)
Late/Upper Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Oman Dicerosaturnalis major, Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125357)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Oman Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (47179 47180) Dicerosaturnalis major, Dicerosaturnalis trizonalis (125295)
Early/Lower Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Oman Dicerosaturnalis major, Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125358)
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Oman Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (125285)
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Russian Federation Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (51301)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4Oman Dicerosaturnalis trizonalis (125303)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Italy Dicerosaturnalis amissus (76504 76511 77109)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Italy Dicerosaturnalis amissus (76498 76513 77108)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Albania Dicerosaturnalis amissus (78674)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian119.57 - 110.1Oman Dicerosaturnalis amissus (47783)