PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Trichechus (manatee)

Mammalia - Sirenia - Trichechidae

Taxonomy

Trichechus was named by Linnaeus (1758) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio R Sepkoski's reference number: 508]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Trichechidae.

It was assigned to Bruta by Linnaeus (1758); to Manatidae by Case (1904); to Sirenia by Sepkoski (2002); to Trichechinae by Domning (1994), Domning (1996) and Voss (2014); and to Trichechidae by Gill (1872), Hay (1902), Rhoads (1903), Trouessart (1904), Hay (1930), Kretzoi (1941), Sherman (1952), Paula Couto (1956), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Heal (1973), Husar (1977), Husar (1978), Domning (1979), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Vidal (1991), Rice (1998), Bergqvist et al. (1999), Berta (2017), Domning (2018), Perini et al. (2020) and Bell et al. (2021).

Species

Manatus antiquus, T. hesperamazonicus, T. inunguis, T. manatus (syn. Manatus australis, Manatus koellikeri, Manatus americanus), T. senegalensis (syn. Manatus senegalensis)

Synonyms

Manatus was named by Brunnich (1772) [Sepkoski's age data: Q Plei R]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trichechus by Hay (1902), Husar (1977) and Domning (1979).

It was assigned to Sirenia by Fischer (1829); to Sirenia by Brandt (1849), Leidy (1873) and Palmer (1904); to Manatidae by Gray (1821), Gray (1825), De Kay (1842), Gray (1850), Pictet (1853), Gray (1864), Gray (1866), Scott (1873), Cope (1890), Trouessart (1898), Turner (1912) and Abel (1919); to Sirenia by Zittel (1925); to Dugongidae by Carroll (1988); and to Sirenia by Illiger (1811), Nordmann (1860) and Sepkoski (2002).
Manatus antiquus was named by Leidy (1856). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is between Moreau and Grand Rivers (USGS), which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Lance Formation of South Dakota.

It was recombined as Ischyrotherium antiquus by Leidy (1856), Leidy (1857), Leidy (1869) and Hay (1902); it was recombined as Ischyrotherium antiquum by Leidy (1860), Stromer (1910), Peale (1912) and Parks (1927); it was recombined as Ischyrosaurus antiquus by Cope (1869), Cope (1874), Cope (1875) and Osborn (1902); it was corrected as Manatus antiquus by Leidy (1889) and Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Trichechus antiquus by Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Halitherium antiquum by Allen (1926) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Simpson (1932) and Domning (1996).
Neodermus was named by Rafinesque (1815).

It was synonymized subjectively with Trichechus by Domning (1979).
Halipaedisca was named by Gistel (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Trichechus by Husar (1977), Domning (1979) and Domning (1996).
Oxystomus was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1803). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trichechus by Husar (1977) and Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Trichechidae by Palmer (1904).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Trichechus Linnaeus p. 34
1772	Manatus Brunnich
1803	Oxystomus Fischer von Waldheim p. 353
1811	Manatus Illiger p. 140
1815	Neodermus Rafinesque
1821	Manatus Gray p. 309
1825	Manatus Gray p. 340
1829	Manatus Fischer p. 501
1842	Manatus De Kay p. 123
1848	Halipaedisca Gistel
1849	Manatus Brandt p. 1
1850	Manatus Gray p. 139
1853	Manatus Pictet p. 372
1856	Ischyrotherium antiquus Leidy p. 89
1856	Manatus antiquus Leidy p. 165
1857	Ischyrotherium antiquus Leidy p. 90
1860	Manatus antiquus Holmes p. 117
1860	Ischyrotherium antiquum Leidy p. 150
1860	Manatus Nordmann p. 328
1864	Manatus Gray p. 247
1866	Manatus Gray p. 357
1869	Ischyrosaurus antiquus Cope p. 39
1869	Ischyrotherium antiquus Leidy
1872	Trichechus Gill p. 91
1873	Manatus Leidy p. 336
1873	Manatus Scott p. 50
1874	Ischyrosaurus antiquus Cope
1875	Ischyrosaurus antiquus Cope
1877	Manatus antiquus Leidy p. 214
1889	Manatus antiquus Leidy p. 27
1890	Manatus Cope p. 699
1898	Manatus Trouessart p. 1000
1898	Manatus antiquus Trouessart p. 1000
1902	Ischyrotherium antiquus Hay p. 461
1902	Trichechus Hay p. 583
1902	Ischyrosaurus antiquus Osborn
1903	Trichechus Rhoads p. 246
1904	Trichechus Case p. 56
1904	Manatus Palmer p. 398
1904	Oxystomus Palmer p. 492
1904	Trichechus Trouessart p. 748
1904	Trichechus antiquus Trouessart p. 749
1910	Ischyrotherium antiquum Stromer
1912	Ischyrotherium antiquum Peale
1912	Manatus Turner p. 155
1919	Manatus Abel p. 835
1925	Manatus Zittel p. 264
1926	Halitherium antiquum Allen
1927	Ischyrotherium antiquum Parks
1930	Halitherium antiquum Hay p. 656
1930	Trichechus Hay p. 658
1941	Trichechus Kretzoi p. 155
1952	Trichechus Sherman p. 98
1956	Trichechus Paula Couto p. 107
1963	Trichechus Scheffer and Rice p. 4
1973	Trichechus Heal p. 199
1977	Trichechus Husar p. 1
1978	Trichechus Husar
1979	Trichechus Domning
1980	Trichechus Kurten and Anderson p. 341
1988	Manatus Carroll
1991	Trichechus Vidal p. 6
1994	Trichechus Domning p. 189
1996	Trichechus Domning p. 380
1998	Trichechus Rice
1999	Trichechus Bergqvist et al. p. 31
2002	Manatus Sepkoski
2002	Trichechus Sepkoski
2014	Trichechus Voss p. 91 figs. Figure 3
2017	Trichechus Berta p. 171
2018	Trichechus Domning p. 857 figs. Fig. 1
2020	Trichechus Perini et al.
2021	Trichechus Bell et al. p. 7

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Tethytheria
order	Sirenia	()
family	Trichechidae	()
family	Trichechinae	()
genus	Trichechus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Trichechus Linnaeus 1758 [manatee]

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†Trichechus hesperamazonicus Perini et al. 2020

Trichechus inunguis Natterer 1883 [Amazonian manatee]

Trichechus manatus Linnaeus 1758

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†Trichechus manatus bakerorum Domning 2005

Trichechus manatus latirostris Harlan 1824

Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Manatus americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Manatus australis Retzius 1794 [synonym], Manatus koellikeri Trouessart 1904 [synonym]

Trichechus senegalensis Link 1795 [West African manatee]

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Invalid names: Manatus senegalensis Desmarest 1817 [synonym]

Invalid names: Halipaedisca Gistel 1848 [synonym], Manatus Brunnich 1772 [synonym], Neodermus Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Oxystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

freshwaterf

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticf

Diet:

herbivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:10

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:41:58

Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Domning 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Huayquerian to the top of the Holocene or 8.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (14 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cenozoic	66.0 - 0.0	Brazil (Amazonas)	Trichechus sp. (217666)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Brazil	Trichechus sp. (57989)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Brazil (Acre)	Trichechus sp. (65139)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (South Carolina)	Trichechus sp. (65405)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (New Jersey)	Trichechus sp. (65469)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	USA (Texas)	Trichechus manatus (225289)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Trichechus sp. (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Trichechus manatus (154804)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Trichechus manatus (20636 20653)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	Brazil (Rondonia)	Trichechus sp. (197104)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Liberia	Trichechus inunguis (168589)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	USA (North Carolina)	Trichechus manatus (65172)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Brazil	Trichechus sp. (168590)