PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Choerolophodon pentelici

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Choerolophodontidae

Taxonomy

Mastodon pentelicus was named by Gaudry and Lartet (1856). It is not extant.

It was recombined as Tetrabelodon pentelici by Cope (1889); it was recombined as Choerolophodon pentelici by Geraads et al. (2005), Shoshani and Tassy (2005), Tsoukala et al. (2007), Konidaris and Koufos (2013), Konidaris et al. (2016).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

C. corrugatus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1856	Mastodon pentelicus Gaudry and Lartet
1889	Tetrabelodon pentelici Cope p. 195
2005	Choerolophodon pentelici Geraads et al. p. 528
2005	Choerolophodon pentelici Shoshani and Tassy p. 355 figs. Appendix C.1
2007	Choerolophodon pentelici Tsoukala et al.
2013	Choerolophodon pentelici Konidaris and Koufos
2016	Choerolophodon pentelici Konidaris et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
—	Tethytheria
order	Proboscidea	()
family	Choerolophodontidae	(Gaziry 1976)
genus	Choerolophodon	Schlesinger 1917
species	pentelici	(Gaudry and Lartet 1856)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Choerolophodon pentelici Gaudry and Lartet 1856

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Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
G. E. Konidaris et al. 2016	Large choerolophodont species; elongated cranium with moderately inclined facial region and low cerebral region; orbits situated at the top of the cranium and far behind the last molar in function, the anterior zygomatic process is situated behind the dentition, at the level of the anterior border of the choanae, and the whole perinasal area is redressed; distant temporal lines and wide parietal region; the symphysis is situated ventrally at the extension of the corpus, in both juvenile and adult specimens; corpus and ramus form obtuse angle; retromolar gap in mandibles bearing the m3; upper tusks emerge sub-horizontally and outwards and then curve upwards; deciduous teeth are large; the distal cingulum of the DP3 is well developed and it is separated from the second loph in the more advanced morphs; the metacone is distinct from the posttrite conelet of the distal cingulum; the distal cingulum of the dp3 is prominent and isolated from the second lophid in the more advanced morphs, forming a third lophid; five lophids or four lophids with an isolated distal ‘heel’ in the m3; the M3 bears four lophs; well expressed choerodonty, ptychodonty and cementodonty

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

grazerf

Diet 2:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 13:32:09

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:32:09

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Vallesian to the top of the MN 11 or 11.60800 to 7.75000 Ma

Collections (30 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Romania (Ilfov)	Choerolophodon pentelici (199755)
Vallesian	11.608 - 8.7	Iraq	Choerolophodon pentelici (41735)
Vallesian	11.608 - 8.7	Greece	Choerolophodon pentelici (191070 195490)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Chalkidona)	Choerolophodon pentelici (202703) Choerolophodon pentelicus (202222) Mastodon pentelici (182745 182746)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Turkey (Cankiri)	Choerolophodon pentelici (184368)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Aegean)	Choerolophodon pentelici (182751 202724) Mastodon pentelici (202120)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Kozani)	Mastodon pentelici (202257)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Turkey	Choerolophodon pentelici (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Turkey (Usak)	Choerolophodon pentelici (34462)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Italy (Faenza)	Choerolophodon pentelici (215240)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Evros)	Choerolophodon pentelici (210641)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Attica)	Mastodon pentelici (182754)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Bulgaria (Blagoevgrard)	Choerolophodon pentelici (197446)
MN 11	8.7 - 7.75	Greece	Choerolophodon pentelici (73869)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Bulgaria	Choerolophodon pentelici (208566 208567 208568)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Makedonia Thraki)	Choerolophodon pentelici (157582)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Samos)	Choerolophodon pentelici (202216)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Macedonia)	Choerolophodon pentelici (32374 32375 32376)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Greece (Chalkidona)	Choerolophodon pentelici (195489)
Turolian	8.7 - 5.333	Turkey	Choerolophodon pentelici (151910)