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Syngnathiformes

Osteichthyes - Syngnathiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2006Syngnathiformes Nelson
2013Syngnathiformes Betancur et al.
2014Syngnathiformes Bannikov p. 27
2016Syngnathiformes Nelson et al. p. 405
2019Syngnathiformes van der Laan p. 75

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Syngnatharia
orderSyngnathiformes
orderSyngnathiformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Fm. †Aulorhamphidae Tyler 2004
+
G. †Aulorhamphus Zigno 1890
+
†Aulorhamphus bolcensis de Zigno 1887
†Aulorhamphus capellinii de Zigno 1887
†Aulorhamphus chiarasorbiniae Bannikov and Tyler 2011
G. †Pesciarhamphus Bannikov and Tyler 2011
+
†Pesciarhamphus carnevalei Bannikov and Tyler 2011
G. †Veronarhamphus Tyler 2004
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†Veronarhamphus canossae Heckel 1856
+
G. †Eoaulostomus Blot 1981
+
†Eoaulostomus bolcensis Blainville 1818
†Eoaulostomus gracilis Blot 1980
G. †Jungersenichthys Blot 1981
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G. †Macroaulostomus Blot 1981
+
G. †Synhypuralis Blot 1981
+
G. †Tyleria Parin 1993
+
†Tyleria necopinata Parin 1993
Invalid names: Aulostomes [replaced]
Superfm. †Aulostomoidea
+
G. †Aulostomoides Blot 1981
+
†Aulostomoides tyleri Blot 1980
Fm. †Eekaulostomidae Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega 2016
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G. †Eekaulostomus Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega 2016
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†Eekaulostomus cuevasae Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega 2016
+
+
G. Callionymus Linnaeus 1758
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†Callionymus eocaenus Casier 1946
†Callionymus hakatarameaensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Callionymus macrocephalus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1882
†Callionymus triquetrus Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Protonymus Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2007
+
†Protonymus miocenicus Pobedina 1954
†Protonymus primus Weiler 1943
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Invalid names: Protonymus gontsharovae Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2007 [synonym]
G. †Gilmourella Carnevale and Bannikov 2019
+
†Gilmourella minuta Carnevale and Bannikov 2019
Fm. Centriscidae Rafinesque 1826
+
G. †Aeoliscoides Blot 1981
+
†Aeoliscoides longirostris Blainville 1818
G. Aeoliscus Jordan and Starks 1902
+
†Aeoliscus heinrichi Heckel 1850
†Aeoliscus strigatus Güther 1861
G. †Amphisile Cuvier 1816
+
†Amphisile teleajensis jonet 1949
G. Centriscus Linnaeus 1758
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†Centriscus heinrichi Heckel 1850
†Centriscus longispinus Rozhdestvenski 1949
G. †Paramphisile Blot 1981
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†Paramphisile weleri Blot 1980
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G. †Fistularioides Blot 1981
+
G. †Pseudosyngnathus Kner and Steindachner 1863
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Fm. †Gerpegezhidae Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
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G. †Gerpegezhus Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
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†Gerpegezhus paviai Bannikov and Carnevale 2012
+
G. †Macrorhamphosidarum Bleeker 1879
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Subor. Mulloidei
+
+
G. Mullus Linnaeus 1758
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†Mullus bifurcatus Strashimirov 1972
+
Invalid names: Mullus fuscatus Rafinesque 1966 [synonym]
†Mullus elongatus Steurbaut 1984
†Mullus moldavicus Switchenska 1959
Invalid names: Creediidae [empty]
Fm. †Paraeoliscidae Blot 1981
+
G. †Paraeoliscus Blot 1981
+
+
G. †Parasynarcualis Blot 1981
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†Parasynarcualis longirostris Blainville 1818
Fm. †Rhamphosidae Gill 1884
+
G. †Ramphosus Agassiz 1835
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†Ramphosus aculeatus Blainville 1818
†Ramphosus biserratus Bassani 1876
†Ramphosus rastrum Volta 1796
†Rhamphosus biserratus Bassani 1876
†Rhamphosus rastrum Volta 1796
+
Subfm. †Solenorhynchinae Bannikov and Carnevale 2017
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G. †Calamostoma Agassiz 1833
+
+
Invalid names: Calamostoma breviculum Blainville 1818 [synonym]
G. †Solenorhynchus Heckel 1853
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†Solenorhynchus elegans Heckel 1854
G. Solenostomus Gronovius 1763
+
+
G. Fistularia Linnaeus 1758
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†Fistularia contermina Danil'chenko 1960
†Fistularia koenigii Agassiz 1839
†Fistularia licatae Sauvage 1880
†Fistularia tenuirostris Agassiz 1835
Infraor. Macrorhamphosa Pietsch 1978
+
Invalid names: Macrorhamphosoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty]
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G. Acanthognathus Duncker 1912
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†Acanthognathus incolumis Danil'chenko 1960
G. Bryx Herald 1940
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Subg. Bryx (Bryx) Herald 1940
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Bryx (Bryx) clarionensis Fritzsche 1980
Subg. Bryx (Simocampus) Fritzsche 1980
+
Bryx (Simocampus) arctum Jenkins and Everman 1888
Bryx veleronis Herald 1940
G. Doryrhamphus Kaup 1853
+
Doryrhamphus paulus Fritzsche 1980
†Doryrhamphus squalidus Danil'chenko 1960
Invalid names: Pristidoryrhamphus Fowler 1944 [synonym]
G. Dunckerocampus Whitley 1933
Subfm. †Eogastrophinae Jerzmanska 1968
+
G. †Hipposyngnathus Danil'chenko 1960
+
†Hipposyngnathus convexus Danil'chenko 1960
†Hipposyngnathus imporcitor Fritzsche 1980
†Hipposyngnathus neriticus Jerzmanska 1968
G. Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 [sea horse]
+
Hippocampus ingens Girard 1859
†Hippocampus sarmaticus Žalohar et al. 2009
†Hippocampus slovenicus Žalohar et al. 2009
Invalid names: Farlapiscus Whitley 1931 [synonym], Hippohystrix Whitley 1940 [synonym]
G. Leptonotus Kaup 1853
+
Leptonotus blainvilleanus Eydoux and Gervais 1837
G. †Prosolenostomus Blot 1981
+
Subfm. †Pshekhagnathinae Bannikov et al. 2017
+
G. †Pshekhagnathus Bannikov et al. 2017
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†Pshekhagnathus polypterus Bannikov et al. 2017
Subfm. †Syngnathinae
+
G. †Maroubrichthys Parrin 1992
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†Maroubrichthys serratus Parrin 1992
G. †Nepigastrosyngnathus Pharisat 1993
G. Syngnathus Linnaeus 1758 [pipefish]
+
†Syngnathus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Syngnathus altus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus avus Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Syngnathus breviculus Blainville 1818
Syngnathus carinatus Gilbert 1892
†Syngnathus emeritus Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus euchrous Fritzsche 1980
+
†Syngnathus incertus Danil'chenko 1960
†Syngnathus incompletus Cosmovici 1887
Syngnathus insulae Fritzsche 1980
Syngnathus macrobrachium Fritzsche 1980
†Syngnathus opisthopterus Agassiz 1833
Invalid names: Dermatostethus Gill 1863 [synonym], Siphonostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Siphostoma Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Syrictes Jordan and Evermann 1927 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyngnathinae Fritzsche 1980 [empty], Syngnathus bolcensis de Zigno 1887 [invalid subgroup], Syngnathus heckeli de Zigno 1874 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Centriscoidea [empty], Macroramphosa Pietsch 1978 [empty], Pegasoidea [empty], Syngnatha Pietsch 1978 [empty], Syngnathoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty]
Fm. †Urosphenidae Gill 1884
+
G. †Urosphen Agassiz 1835
+
†Urosphen dubius Blainville 1818
†Urosphen fistularis Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Pegasidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Holocene or 85.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (84 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Lebanon Solenognathus lineolatus (221226)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Russian Federation (Kabardino-Balkarian) Gerpegezhus paviai (218152)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Calamostoma breviculum, Rhamphosus rastrum, Rhamphosus biserratus, Urosphen dubius, Eoaulostomus bolcensis, Eoaulostomus gracilis, Synhypuralis jungerseni, Synhypuralis banisteri, Jungensenichthys elongatus, Macraulostomus veronensis, Tyleria necopinata, Parasynarcualis longirostris, Fistularioides veronensis, Fistularioides phyllolepis, Pseudosyngnathus opisthopterus, Aulostomoides tyleri, Aulorhamphus bolcensis, Aulorhamphus capellinii, Aulorhamphus chiarasorbiniae, Veronarhamphus canossae, Pesciarhamphus carnevalei, Paraeoliscus robinetae, Paramphisile weleri, Syngnathus heckeli, Syngnathus bolcensis, Prosolenostomus lessinii, Solenorhynchus elegans, Ramphosus rastrum, Ramphosus biserratus, Calamostoma lesiniforme, Gilmourella minuta, Aeoliscoides longirostris (94830)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Callionymus eocaenus (219001)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Ramphosus sp. (215472)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Germany (Lower Saxony,) Macrorhamphosidarum testuliformis (188954)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03France Mullidae indet. (188958)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03United Kingdom (England) Callionymus sp. (41989 41992 41994 41996 41998)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation (Adygeia) Aulostomus fractus, Acanthognathus incolumis, Syngnathus incertus (105572)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Romania Aeoliscus heinrichi, Syngnathus incertus, Syngnathus altus, Syngnathus incompletus (113962)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Russian Federation Hipposyngnathus convexus (186452) Syngnathidae indet. (186469)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Aeoliscus distinctus, Aulostomus medius, Syngnathus sp., Aulostomidae indet., Aeoliscus heinrichi, Doryrhamphus sp., Aeoliscus sp., Syngnathus incompletus (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Poland (Subcarpathian Voivodeship) Syngnathidae indet., Centriscidae indet., Hipposyngnathus neriticus (186589)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation Syngnathus altus (186461)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Russian Federation (North Ossetia) Acanthognathus squalidus (186466)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04France Mullidae indet. (219194)
Chattian - Early/Lower Miocene27.3 - 15.98Greece (Greneva) Mullus elongatus (222448)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand (South Island) Callionymus hakatarameaensis (219580)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Austria Syngnathidae indet. (99160)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Azerbaijan Syngnathus altus (116633)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333India Callionymus vyali, Callionymus sp. (230225)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (California) Syngnathus avus (186018)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Azerbaijan Syngnathus sp. (116635)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Czechia (Moravia) Syngnathus sp. (222391)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Callionymus triquetrus (219593)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Syngnathus sp. (85313)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Cyprus Syngnathus albyi (66957)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Italy Syngnathus albyi (185486)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Romania Callionymus primus (222591)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Kazakhstan Mullus bifurcatus, Protonymus primus, Protonymus miocenicus (174760)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Serbia (Belgrade) Callionymus macrocephalus (222229)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Slovenia Hippocampus sarmaticus, Hippocampus slovenicus (103103)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Russian Federation (Goryachii) Mullus sp., Syngnathidae indet., Callionymus macrocephalus (211239)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Greece (Crete) Syngnathus kaehsbaueri, Syngnathus albyi (207356)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (45489) Syngnathus emeritus (204559)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Greece Syngnathus albyi (185752)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Malta Syngnathus sp. (210639)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (California) Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (185679) Syngnathus avus (91023 179733 234629) Syngnathus avus, Hipposyngnathus imporcitor (152598)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece Syngnathus albyi, Amphisile sp. (207361)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Syngnathus albyi (59256)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Syngnathus albyi (186575 186576 186577 210251 210640) Syngnathus albyi, Fistularia licatae (185692)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Syngnathus albyi (186583 186585 219784)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Sicile) Fistularia sp., Syngnathus albyi (210669)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Greece (Crete) Syngnathus albyi (207364 207365)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Sicily) Syngnathus albyi (186578)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Tuscany) Callionymus pusillus, Syngnathus albyi (186581) Centriscus strigatus, Fistularia sp., Callionymus pusillus (210628)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Cyprus Dactylopterus sp., Aeoliscus strigatus, Syngnathus albyi (185663)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Taiwan (Taiwan) Callionymidae indet. (237150)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Italy Centriscus strigatus, Syngnathus acus, Dactylopterus volitans, Syngnathidae indet. (210256) Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus phlegon, Syngnathus sp. (210257) Syngnathus sp. (210255)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Greece (Peloponnese) Mullidae indet. (207769)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Italy Centriscus strigatus, Hippocampus sp., Syngnathus acus, Dactylopterus volitans, Syngnathidae indet. (145678) Centriscus strigatus, Syngnathus acus (145680)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Italy Hippocampus ramulosus (145683)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) Syngnathidae indet. (22712)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Greece (Crete) Dactylopterus sp., Syngnathus albyi, Amphisile strigata (207303) Syngnathus sp. (207357)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Greece Syngnathus sp. (51511)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.8Italy Centriscus sp., Centriscus strigatus, Hippocampus sp., Hippocampus rammulosus, Syngnathus acus, Dactylopterus volitans, Syngnathidae indet. (57058)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece (Rhodes) Mullus barbatus, Mullus surmuletus (207580)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Italy (Bologna) Syngnathus acusu (186574)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Mullus barbatus (159288)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Kanagawa) Callionymidae indet. (276071)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Mullidae indet. (194995)