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Circothecidae

Orthothecida - Circothecidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1969Circothecidae Rozanov et al.
1983Circothecidae Azmi and Pancholi p. 367
1990Larawidae Kruse p. 42
2002Circothecidae Kruse p. 365
2010Circothecidae Parkhaev and Demidenko p. 931

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Lophophorata
phylumHyolitha
orderOrthothecida
familyCircothecidae
familyCircothecidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Circothecidae Rozanov et al. 1969
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G. †Circotheca Syssoiev 1958
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†Circotheca hamata Qian 1978
†Circotheca kuteinikovi Rozanov et al. 1969
†Circotheca longa Chen et al. 1981
†Circotheca neptis Marek 1989
†Circotheca punctata Qian 1978
†Circotheca smetanai Valent et al. 2012
†Circotheca stylus Holm 1893
G. †Conotheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Conotheca australiensis Bengtson et al. 1990
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Invalid names: Conotheca laurentiensis Landing and Bartowski 1996 [synonym]
†Conotheca brevica Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca circumflexa Rozanov et al. 1969
†Conotheca corniformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Conotheca curta Missarzhevsky 1980
†Conotheca dahaiensis Jiang, in Luo et al. 1982
†Conotheca mammilata Rozanov et al. 1969
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Invalid names: Edgetheca aldanica Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym]
†Conotheca ningqiangensis Qian et al. 2001
†Conotheca rotunda Qian et al. 2000
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Invalid names: Circotheca longiconica Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca maidipingensis Yu 1974 [synonym], Circotheca multisulcata Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca nana Qian 1978 [synonym], Circotheca obesa Qian 1978 [synonym], Ovalitheca acuticostata Xing and Yue 1984 [synonym], Paracircotheca zhaojiabaensis Qian 1989 [synonym]
Invalid names: Edgetheca Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym]
G. †Crossbitheca Missarzhevsky 1974
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†Crossbitheca arcuaria Missarzhevsky 1974
G. †Laratheca Rozanov et al. 1969
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†Laratheca nana Rozanov et al. 1969
Invalid names: Larawidae Kruse 1990 [replaced]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. D. Kruse 2002 (Larawidae)Conch straight, may be slightly curved near apex; transverse section circular, oval, elliptical or oviform; sculpture of transverse growth lines, in some cases with longitudinal sculpture; dorsum and venter poorly differentiated, dorsoventral transition smooth
P. Y. Parkhaev and Y. Demidenko 2010"Shell elongated with circular or slightly oval cross-section, straight or slightly bent. Differentiation of dorsal and ventral sides absent (in shells with circular cross-section) or faint (in shells with oval cross-section), in latter case dorsal side more convex. Shell ornamented by transversal ribs of similar prominence along shell perimeter."
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitep
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationaryp
Life habit: epifaunalp
Diet: suspension feederp
Vision: blindp
Created: 2009-04-21 11:54:00
Modified: 2011-03-22 11:35:54
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Pirgu or 635.00000 to 445.20000 Ma

Collections (274 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 538.8Mexico (Sonora) Circothecidae indet. 1, Circothecidae indet. 2 (10582)
Jinnigian538.8 - 530.7China (Yunnan) Circotheca sp. (106506) Conotheca subcurvata (201490 201573)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5India (Uttarakhand) Circotheca sp. (97716)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hubei) Circotheca longiconica (97556) Circotheca sp. (10499)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Hunan) Conotheca sp. (97715)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Siberia) Conotheca mammilata (50419)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Shaanxi) Conotheca sp. (51734 86549 86550 86551 86563) Conotheca subcurvata (86553 86554 86555 86556 86558 86560 86561 86564 86566 86570 86571 86620)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Iran Circotheca sp. (10527 10528 10529)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5India Conotheca sp. (99560)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Khabarovsk) Crossbitheca sp. (99465)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5China (Yunnan) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca hamata (8089) Circotheca sp. (106505) Conotheca subcurvata (96432)
Nemakit-Daldynian - Tommotian538.8 - 521.0China (Hubei) Conotheca sp. (155465) Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155448 155462 155463 155464 155466 155467)
Placentian538.8 - 516.2USA (Massachusetts) Conotheca mammilata (56834 56836)
Caerfai538.8 - 506.5Canada (Nunavut) Circotheca sp. (184)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 506.5China (Shaanxi) Conotheca brevica (86613) Conotheca subcurvata (86580 86581 86582 86583 86591 86592 86593)
Meishucunian - Nemakit-Daldynian530.7 - 525.5China (Yunnan) C. gen. et sp. indet (96431) Conotheca sp. (96317 96319) Conotheca subcurvata (96433 96451)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Sichuan) Circotheca sp. (107389) Conotheca subcurvata (108312)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Shaanxi) Circotheca sp. (107774) Conotheca mammilata, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (107791) Conotheca mammilata, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (107790) Laratheca sp., Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Ovalitheca acuticostata (107775)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Anhui) Circotheca sp. (107772)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Yunnan) Conotheca sp. (96290 96292 108253 108254 108255 108256 108257 108258 108259 108260 108306 108310 108311) Conotheca subcurvata (108309 201511 201519 201523 201548 201555 201556 201557 201558 201560 201561 201562 201563 201568 201575 201576 201577 201578 201581 201582 201583 201584 201585 201586 201587 201588 201589 201592 201593)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Zhejiang) Conotheca sp. (108038)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Hubei) Circotheca longiconica (107633) Circotheca nana (107635 107667) Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca transulcata (106525) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca multisulcata (107634) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (107666) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca transulcata, Circotheca punctata (107636) Circotheca robusta, Circotheca microconica, Circotheca ichangensis, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca transulcata (108415) Circotheca sp. (106524 107700) Circotheca sp., Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (107789) Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (107665) Conotheca mammilata, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica, Circotheca longa (108414) Conotheca obesa, Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155446) Conotheca sp. (155472) Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155468 155469 155470 155471 155473 155474)
Meishucunian530.7 - 521.0China (Guizhou) Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata (106508) Circotheca sp., Circotheca obesa (106519) Conotheca circumflexa, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca nana, Circotheca longiconica (106512) Conotheca mammilata, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca subcurvata, Circotheca longiconica (106516) Conotheca sp., Conotheca circumflexa (106514) Conotheca sp., Conotheca circumflexa, Circotheca obesa, Circotheca nana (106513)
Meishucunian - Tommotian530.7 - 521.0China (Yunnan) Conotheca sp. (96285 96286 96289) Conotheca subcurvata (96449)
Stage 2529.0 - 521.0France (Heraultia) Conotheca subcurvata (234355)
Stage 2529.0 - 521.0France (Herault) Conotheca subcurvata (239269 239438)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Hubei) Conotheca nana, Conotheca obesa, Conotheca transulcata, Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155442 155444) Conotheca nana, Conotheca transulcata, Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155441) Conotheca sp. (155445) Conotheca sp., Conotheca subcurvata (155443 155447)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarskiy Kray) Conotheca mammilata (80840)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Khabarovsk Krai) Conotheca mammitata (50314) Crossbitheca sp. (50420)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Sakha) Circotheca billingsi (232888) Laratheca nana (10046)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Yakutia) Circotheca sp. (45851) Circotheca sp., Laratheca nana, Edgetheca aldanica (45849) Conotheca mammilata (10067 96393) Laratheca nana (45847)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Circotheca kuteinicovi, Conotheca mammilata, Crossbitheca arcuaria (50429) Circotheca kuteinikovi (96392 96396) Conotheca mammilata (232906 233198)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0USA (Massachusetts) Conotheca mammilata (56830)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0China (Yunnan) Conotheca subcurvata (171900 171902)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Conotheca sp. (50319)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Yakutiya) Conotheca mammilata (10041 80952 90088) Edgetheca aldanica (96226)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Crossbitheca sp. (99484)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0India Circotheca obesa (87100) Circotheca obesa, Conotheca dahaiensis (87099) Circotheca sp., Circotheca obesa, Circotheca longiconica (140175)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation Conotheca mammilata (90091 233042)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Kazakhstan Conotheca mammilata (99298 99315 99322 99323 99330 99331 99360 99361)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Xinjiang) Conotheca rotunda (7826)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0United Kingdom (England) Circotheca stylus (79934)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Canada (Nova Scotia) Conotheca australiensis (9351 9385 9386 9387 9389 9390 232701)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Australia (South Australia) Conotheca australiensis (96454 96918 96920 96931 96960 96966 97739 97741 97742 97744)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Russian Federation (Yakutia) Conotheca circumflexa (10115)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Conotheca circumflexa (56855) Conotheca curta (10114) Conotheca mammilata (174248 174257)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.5China (Shaanxi) Conotheca ningqiangensis (96505)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Antarctica (South Shetland Islands) Conotheca australensis (49691)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.1Canada (Nova Scotia) Conotheca australiensis (9391)
Atdabanian - Lenian521.0 - 508.2Germany (Saxony) Conotheca circumflexa (6899)
Branchian516.2 - 506.5Canada (New Brunswick) Circotheca sp. (84379)
Branchian516.2 - 506.5United Kingdom (England) Circotheca stylus (79939) Conotheca sp. indet. (79932)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Australia (South Australia) Conotheca australiensis (96916 96917 96932 96958 96959 97700 97701 97717)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Russian Federation (Siberia) Conotheca spp., Conotheca mammilata (174258 174260)
Botomian516.0 - 512.1Kazakhstan Conotheca corniformis (99362)
Lenian516.0 - 508.2Mongolia Conotheca curta (10113)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland (Lauge Koch Land) Conotheca sp. 2 (220278)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland Conotheca australiensis (49456 49458 49459 49461 49462 49464 49465 49471 49473 67778 67781)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (New York) Conotheca laurentiensis (78762 78763 78764 78765 78767)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7USA (Pennsylvania) Conotheca australiensis (97879)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Canada (Quebec) Conotheca laurentiensis (78753 78755)
Dyeran515.3 - 509.7Greenland (Peary Land) Conotheca sp. 1, Conotheca australiensis (210618)
Toyonian512.1 - 508.2Australia (South Australia) Conotheca sp. (97986)
Toyonian512.1 - 508.2Türkiye (Konya) Conotheca australiensis (91535)
Ordian511.2 - 508.0Australia (Northern Territory) Guduguwan hardmani (9871 9872)
Solvan508.2 - 504.5Morocco Circotheca sp. (9122)
Templetonian508.0 - 504.5Australia (Queensland) Guduguwan hardmani (70040)
Middle Cambrian506.5 - 497.0Australia (Northern Territory) Guduguwan concava (60082) Guduguwan hardmani (9873 59999 60001 60017 60019 60022 60045 60046 60075 60078) Larawa djanin (60032) Larawa djanin, Guduguwan hardmani (60000 60015 60076 60081 60083 60086)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Czechia (Praha) Circotheca neptis (232889)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.2Sweden Circotheca sp. (165077)