PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Halcyoninae

Reptilia - Coraciiformes - Alcedinidae

Taxonomy

Halcyoninae was named by Vigors (1825). It is extant. Its type is Halcyon.

It was assigned to Alcedinidae by Livezey and Zusi (2007), Meijer et al. (2013), del Hoyo et al. (2014).

Subtaxa

Halcyon (type genus), Melidora

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1825	Halcyoninae Vigors
2007	Halcyoninae Livezey and Zusi p. 94
2013	Halcyoninae Meijer et al. p. 888
2014	Halcyoninae del Hoyo et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
—	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
—	Terrestrornithes
—	Dendrornithes
—	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
—	Picoclamatores
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Coraciiformes	Forbes 1884
family	Alcedinidae	Rafinesque 1815
subfamily	Halcyoninae	Vigors 1825
subfamily	Halcyoninae	Vigors 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Halcyoninae Vigors 1825

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G. Halcyon Swainson 1821

G. Melidora Lesson 1830

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Melidora macrorrhina Lesson 1827 [Hook-billed kingfisher]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

volantf

Diet:

piscivoref

Diet 2:

insectivoref

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 16:56:48

Modified:

2009-01-03 20:40:36

Source: f = family, o = order

References: Thiollay 1994, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: Late/Upper Pleistocene or 0.12900 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0117 Ma

Collections (11 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara)	Halcyon sp. (68064 68068 193376 193418 193419 193420 193421) Halcyoninae indet. (193388 193417) Halcyoninae indet., Halcyon sp. (193387 193390)