PBDB Taxon

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Pleurosternidae

Osteichthyes - Pleurosternidae

Taxonomy

Pleurosternidae was named by Cope (1868). It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011).

It was assigned to Pleurodira by Hay (1902); to Amphichelydia by Hay (1908); to Pleurosternoidae by Hay (1930); to Pleurodira by Kuhn (1946); to Amphichelydia by Lydekker (1889), Lydekker (1889), Delair (1958); to Pleurosternoidea by Kuhn (1966); to Chelonia by Carroll (1988); to Cryptodira by Holroyd and Hutchison (2002); to Cryptodiramorpha by Hutchison and Holroyd (2003); to Cryptodira by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Goodwin et al. (1999), Joyce et al. (2004); to Pleurosternoidea by Milner (2004), Karl et al. (2012); to Testudines by Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013); to Paracryptodira by Joyce (2007), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Pérez-García and Ortega (2011), Anquetin (2012), Sullivan et al. (2012), Hutchison et al. (2013), Rollot et al. (2021); and to Baenoidea by Lyson and Joyce (2011), Pérez-García et al. (2015), Pérez-García et al. (2015), Joyce and Anquetin (2019), Guerrero and Pérez-García (2020), Guerrero and Pérez-García (2021), Pérez-Garcia et al. (2021).

Subtaxa

Ballerstedtia, Desmemydinae, Desmemys, Dinochelys, Dorsetochelys, Glyptops, Pleurosternon (syn. Mesochelys, Digerrhum), Riodevemys, Selenemys, Toremys, Uluops

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1868	Pleurosternidae Cope
1871	Pleurosternidae Cope p. 236
1875	Pleurosternidae Cope p. 17
1889	Pleurosternidae Lydekker p. 205
1902	Pleurosternidae Hay p. 437
1908	Pleurosternidae Hay p. 45
1930	Pleurosternidae Hay p. 70
1946	Pleurosternidae Kuhn p. 58
1958	Pleurosternidae Delair p. 47
1966	Pleurosternidae Kuhn p. 22
1988	Pleurosternidae Carroll
1999	Pleurosternidae Goodwin et al. p. 734
2002	Pleurosternidae Holroyd and Hutchison p. 181
2003	Pleurosternidae Hutchison and Holroyd
2004	Pleurosternidae Joyce et al.
2004	Pleurosternidae Milner p. 1445
2007	Pleurosternidae Joyce
2011	Pleurosternidae Lyson and Joyce p. 792
2011	Pleurosternidae Pérez-García and Ortega
2012	Pleurosternidae Anquetin p. 28 fig. 10
2012	Pleurosternidae Karl et al.
2012	Pleurosternidae Sullivan et al.
2013	Pleurosternidae Hutchison et al.
2013	Pleurosternidae Pérez-García and Murelaga
2015	Pleurosternidae Pérez-García et al.
2015	Pleurosternidae Pérez-García et al.
2019	Pleurosternidae Joyce and Anquetin
2020	Pleurosternidae Guerrero and Pérez-García p. 3
2021	Pleurosternidae Guerrero and Pérez-García
2021	Pleurosternidae Pérez-Garcia et al.
2021	Pleurosternidae Rollot et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Testudinata	(Oppel 1811)
—	Paracryptodira
family	Pleurosternidae
family	Pleurosternidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Pleurosternidae Cope 1868

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G. †Ballerstedtia Karl et al. 2012

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†Ballerstedtia typocardia Seeley 1869

G. †Desmemys Wegner 1911

G. †Dinochelys Gaffney 1979

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†Dinochelys whitei Gaffney 1979

G. †Dorsetochelys Evans and Kemp 1976

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†Dorsetochelys typocardium Seeley 1869

Invalid names: Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis Karl et al. 2012 [synonym], Dorsetochelys delairi Evans and Kemp 1976 [synonym], Thalassemys ruetimeyeri Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

Invalid names: Dorsetochelys buzzops Bakker 1998 [nomen dubium]

G. †Glyptops Marsh 1890

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†Glyptops ornatus Marsh 1890

Invalid names: Glyptops utahensis Gilmore 1916 [synonym]

Invalid names: Glyptops plicatulus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium]

G. †Pleurosternon Owen 1853

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†Pleurosternon bullockii Owen 1842

Invalid names: Megasternon koenigii Gray 1870 [synonym], Mesochelys durlstonensis Evans and Kemp 1975 [synonym], Pleurosternon concinnum Owen 1853 [synonym], Pleurosternon emarginatum Owen 1853 [synonym], Pleurosternon ovatum Owen 1853 [synonym], Pleurosternon oweni Seeley 1869 [synonym], Pleurosternon sedgwicki Seeley 1869 [synonym], Pleurosternon vansittarti Seeley 1869 [synonym], Pleurosternum portlandicum Lydekker 1889 [synonym]

†Pleurosternon moncayensis Pérez-Garcia et al. 2021

Invalid names: Digerrhum Cope 1870 [synonym], Mesochelys Evans and Kemp 1975 [synonym]

G. †Riodevemys Pérez-García et al. 2015

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†Riodevemys inumbragigas Pérez-García et al. 2015

G. †Selenemys Pérez-García and Ortega 2011

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†Selenemys lusitanica Pérez-García and Ortega 2011

G. †Toremys Pérez-García et al. 2015

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†Toremys cassiopeia Pérez-García et al. 2015

G. †Uluops Carpenter and Bakker 1990

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†Uluops uluops Carpenter and Bakker 1990

Invalid names: Desmemydinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908	A family of Amphichelydia. Carapace with costals articulated to the peripherals by close sutures and by gomphosis of ends of ribs. Plastron joined to the carapace by sutures and by narrow axillary and inguinal buttresses; the former ascending to the first costal, the latter attaining the borders of the fifth and sixth costals at their junction. In Helochelys the union of carapace and plastron probably less intimate. Mesoplastrals meeting broadly at the midline, not much expanded toward the outer ends. Exposed surfaces of carapace and plastron tuberculated or shagreened. Intergulars and inframarginals present. Skull elongated and pointed; the bones mostly finely tuberculated. The cervical vertebrae are biconcave. Coracoids distally expanded.
A. R. Milner 2004	Primitive cryptodires sharing one synapomorphy, namely pterygoids separated by anteriorly elongate basisphenoid
T. R. Lyson and W. G. Joyce 2011	‘‘Pleurosternidae’’ refers to the most inclusive clade containing Pleurosternon (orig. Platemys) bullockii Owen, 1842 but not Baena arenosa Leidy, 1870 or any species of Recent turtle. Oblong skull shape (length is significantly greater than maximum width); rectangular basisphenoid; anterior plastral lobe larger than posterior plastral lobe.