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Pentaceratops

Reptilia - Ceratopsidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1923Pentaceratops Osborn pp. 1-3
1928Pentaceratops Nopcsa p. 185
1930Pentaceratops Hay p. 230
1930Pentaceratops Russell p. 156
1933Pentaceratops Lull p. 108
1935Pentaceratops Gilmore p. 163
1949Pentaceratops Sternberg p. 45 fig. 1
1950Pentaceratops Huene p. 351
1956Pentaceratops Romer p. 639
1959Pentaceratops Huene p. 122
1964Pentaceratops Kuhn p. 58
1964Pentaceratops Tatarinov p. 585
1966Pentaceratops Romer p. 371
1970Pentaceratops Swinton p. 259
1973Pentaceratops Powell p. 118
1980Pentaceratops Wolberg p. 42
1981Pentaceratops Lehman p. 198
1981Pentaceratops Rage p. 68
1981Pentaceratops Rowe et al.
1984Pentaceratops Russell p. 26
1986Pentaceratops Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 116
1988Pentaceratops Carroll
1989Pentaceratops Lehman p. 157
1990Pentaceratops Dodson and Currie p. 612
1990Pentaceratops Lehman p. 212
1993Pentaceratops Forster and Sereno p. 14
1993Pentaceratops Lehman p. 279
1994Pentaceratops Olshevsky and Ford
1996Pentaceratops Lehman p. 505 fig. 10
1997Pentaceratops Dodson p. 12
1997Pentaceratops Ryan p. 257
1998Pentaceratops Lehman p. 895
2004Pentaceratops Dodson et al. p. 496
2004Pentaceratops Farke p. 4
2005Pentaceratops Diem and Archibald p. 251
2006Pentaceratops Lucas et al. p. 368
2007Pentaceratops Ryan p. 391 fig. 12
2007Pentaceratops Wu et al. p. 1261 fig. 14
2008Pentaceratops Hunt and Lehman p. 1132
2010Pentaceratops Longrich p. 692 fig. 10
2010Pentaceratops Ryan et al. p. 185
2010Pentaceratops Xu et al. p. 1634 fig. 3
2011Pentaceratops Farke p. 5
2011Pentaceratops Farke et al. p. 699
2014Pentaceratops Longrich p. 294
2015Pentaceratops Evans and Ryan
2020Pentaceratops Fowler and Freedman Fowler

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Ornithischia()
Genasauria
Cerapoda
Marginocephalia
Ceratopsia()
infraorderNeoceratopsia
Coronosauria
superfamilyCeratopsoidea
familyCeratopsidae
subfamilyChasmosaurinae
genusPentaceratops

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pentaceratops Osborn 1923
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Invalid names: Pentaceratops fenestratus Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
N. R. Longrich 2014Chasmosaurine ceratopsid characterized by the following combination of characters (modified from Longrich, 2011). Posterior bar of parietal “M”-shaped with distinctly bent lateral rami of the posterior bar and a well-developed median emargination of the parietal. Parietal posterior bar flat and plate-like in cross-section. Three large, subtriangular parietal epoccipitals. P1 curved dorsally or anterodorsally and twisted so that the epoccipital contacts the posterior margin of the frill laterally, and lies atop the frill medially. Parietal median bar with a slender, ovoid cross-section. Frill long and narrow, broader anteriorly than posteriorly. Terminal episquamosal enlarged relative to penultimate episquamosal. Postorbital horns slender, elongate, and weakly curved forward. Epijugal horncore spikelike and curving ventrally. Narial horn centered over external naris.
Many of the characters that diagnose Pentaceratops are also found in Utahceratops: Pentaceratops is distinguished by the absence of the diagnostic characters of Utahceratops, including a dorsally concave posterior bar of the parietal, short orbital horns (Sampson et al., 2010) and a tall, triangular nasal horn.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 3000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 1000 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialsubo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingsubo
Diet: herbivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-08-25 05:45:20
Modified: 2005-08-25 07:45:20
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Norman and Weishampel 1991, Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: Late/Upper Campanian or 83.50000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (13 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Mexico) Ceratops sp. (62549) Ceratopsidae indet. (53982) P. fenestratus (39231) P. sp. (64094 64096) P. sternbergii (34826 34827 39229 196511 199764 222481)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) P. sp. (191054)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Chasmosaurinae indet. (76715)