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Titanis

Osteichthyes - Gruiformes - Phorusrhacidae

Taxonomy
Titanis was named by Brodkorb (1963).

It was assigned to Phorusrhacidae by Carroll (1988); and to Phorusrhacinae by Brodkorb (1963), Mourer-Chauviré (1981), Alvarenga and Holfing (2003), Gould and Quitmyer (2005), Bertelli et al. (2007).

Species
T. walleri
Entered
by J. Hunter on 2003-01-23; modified by R. Hulbert on 2014-03-05

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Titanis Brodkorb p. 111 figs. Figure 1, 2
1981Titanis Mourer-Chauviré p. 643
1988Titanis Carroll
2003Titanis Alvarenga and Holfing p. 75
2005Titanis Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007Titanis Bertelli et al. p. 415 figs. Table 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Telmatorae
superorderCharadriimorphaeHuxley 1867
orderGruiformesBonaparte 1854
suborderCariamaeFürbringer 1888
familyPhorusrhacidae()
subfamilyPhorusrhacinaeAmeghino 1899
genusTitanis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Titanis Brodkorb 1963
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†Titanis walleri Brodkorb 1963
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. Brodkorb 1963Referable to the family Phorusrhacidae,subfamily Phorus- rhacinae, on the basis of: gigantic size; distal foramen of tarsometatarsus bifurcate,withforamenforextensorbrevisdigitiIV openingthroughdistal end of shelf bounding outer intermetatarsalspace (confluent with foramen for tibialis anticus artery on plantar surface of shaft in Brontornithidae, separate but on plantar face in Rheidae); lower end of shaft not bilaterally expanded (flaring toward roots of trochleae in Rheidae); plantar surface of shaft flat above trochleae (concave in comparablegroups); trochleae nearly on a plane (strongly arched in Psilopteridae and Rheidae); poste- rior wings of trochleae obsolete (well developed in Psilopteridae)