PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Stibarus

Mammalia - Leptochoeridae

Taxonomy

Stibarus was named by Cope (1873).

It was assigned to Leptomerycinae by Hay (1902); to Leptochoerinae by Edwards (1976), Carroll (1988), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Stucky (1998); and to Leptochoeridae by Cope (1873), Scott (1913), Scott (1940), Theodor et al. (2007) and Korth et al. (2022).

Species

S. montanus, S. obtusilobus (syn. S. lemurinus), S. quadricuspis (syn. S. loomisi), S. yoderensis

Synonyms

Nanochoerus was named by Macdonald (1955). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Leptochoerus by Edwards (1976), Storer (1984) and McKenna and Bell (1997); it was synonymized subjectively with Stibarus by Stucky (1998) and Theodor et al. (2007).

It was assigned to Leptochoeridae by Macdonald (1955) and Carroll (1988).
Menotherium was named by Cope (1874) [also said to be 1874]. Its type is Menotherium lemurinum.

It was synonymized subjectively with Leptochoerus by Scott (1940); it was synonymized subjectively with Stibarus by Macdonald (1955), Edwards (1976), McKenna and Bell (1997), Stucky (1998) and Theodor et al. (2007).

It was assigned to Limnotheriidae by Hay (1902).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1873	Menotherium Cope
1873	Stibarus Cope
1874	Menotherium Cope p. 22
1902	Stibarus Hay p. 672
1902	Menotherium Hay p. 792
1913	Stibarus Scott p. 361
1940	Stibarus Scott p. 370
1955	Nanochoerus Macdonald
1976	Stibarus Edwards p. 100
1988	Nanochoerus Carroll
1988	Stibarus Carroll p. 363
1997	Stibarus McKenna and Bell p. 401
1998	Stibarus Stucky p. 363
2007	Stibarus Theodor et al. p. 55
2022	Stibarus Korth et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
superfamily	Dichobunoidea	Gill 1872
family	Leptochoeridae
genus	Stibarus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Stibarus Cope 1873

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†Stibarus montanus Matthew 1903

†Stibarus obtusilobus Cope 1873

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Invalid names: Stibarus lemurinus Cope 1874 [synonym]

†Stibarus quadricuspis Hatcher 1901

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Invalid names: Stibarus loomisi Scott 1940 [synonym]

†Stibarus yoderensis Macdonald 1955

Invalid names: Menotherium Cope 1874 [synonym], Nanochoerus Macdonald 1955 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
P. Edwards 1976	Skull with pinched rostrum. Massive, buno- dont lower molars which appear subscrescentic when little worn, with reduced paraconids. P/2, P2/, and P/3 are low and tri-cusped, the medial cusp being largest. M1-3/ are triangular with a sharp lingual apex. Stibarus is the smaller- sized genus of the subfamily

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

grazero

Diet 2:

browsero

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 14:03:05

Modified:

2005-09-19 12:23:23

Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Middle Chadronian to the top of the Hemingfordian or 37.20000 to 15.97000 Ma

Collections (37 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	S. sp. (16960 16961 16962 16963) S. yoderensis (17045)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	S. montanus (16919)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	S. sp. (16930)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Montana)	S. montanus (16959 16988 17010)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (North Dakota)	S. montanus (16991)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	S. obtusilobus, S. lemurinus (16977)
Middle Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	S. montanus (16928)
Late/Upper Chadronian - Orellan	37.2 - 33.3	USA (Nebraska)	S. obtusilobus (230806)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Nebraska)	Leptochoerus quadricuspis (17297) S. lemurinus (17098) S. obtusilobus (17127 17135 17212 17216 17220 17221 17231 17236 17240 17268 17271 17273 17275)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Wyoming)	S. quadricuspis (17110)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (South Dakota)	Nanochoerus quadricuspis (17068) S. obtusilobus (17094 17174) S. sp. (17187)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Colorado)	S. lemurinus (17081 17082)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (South Dakota)	S. sp. (17912)