PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae

Taxonomy

Siphonalia bicarinata was named by Dickerson (1915). Its type specimen is CAS 316 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is CAS loc. 183, Big Bend of Cowlitz River, which is in a Bartonian marine mudstone/sandstone in the Cowlitz Formation of Washington.

It was recombined as Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata by Ruth (1942).

Subspecies

Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata crooki, Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata monospina, Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata packi, Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata wheatlandensis

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

Austrofusus blakei, Austrofusus casei, Nassicola contracta, S. angusticostata, S. bervillei, S. dainitiensis, S. harrisi, S. longicanalis, S. mikado, S. plummeri, S. potomacensis, S. spadicea, S. stearnsii, S. trilira, S. wheatlandensis, S. varicosa

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1915	Siphonalia bicarinata Dickerson p. 66 figs. Plate 8, figures la, lb, Ic, Id
1938	Siphonalia bicarinata Turner p. 78
1942	Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata Ruth pp. 293 - 294 figs. PI. 47, figs. 3, 10, 23

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Buccinoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Buccinidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Siphonalia	Adams 1863
subgenus	Nassicola	(Finlay 1924)
species	bicarinata	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata Dickerson 1915

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†Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata crooki Clark 1938

†Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata packi Ruth 1942

†Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata wheatlandensis Clark and Anderson 1938

†Siphonalia (Nassicola) bicarinata monospina Turner 1938

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:10:04

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:10:04

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Thanetian to the top of the Middle Eocene or 59.20000 to 37.71000 Ma

Collections (16 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	Russian Federation	Siphonalia bicarinata (162250)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Oregon)	Siphonalia bicarinata (200795)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	USA (California)	Siphonalia bicarinata (207127)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	USA (Oregon)	Siphonalia bicarinata (200891)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Oregon)	Siphonalia bicarinata (200870 200875 200877 200878 201036)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	USA (California)	Siphonalia bicarinata (191188)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Washington)	Siphonalia bicarinata (52204 52205 52207 type locality: 207129)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (California)	Siphonalia bicarinata (205787)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Venezuela	Siphonalia bicarinata (134847)