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Craniiformea
Taxonomy
Craniiformea was named by Popov et al. (1993). It is extant.
It was assigned to Inarticulata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); and to Brachiopoda by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006), Emig et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Inarticulata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); and to Brachiopoda by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006), Emig et al. (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1993 | Craniiformea Popov et al. |
| 1996 | Craniiformea Williams et al. p. 1192 |
| 1998 | Craniiformea Zrzavy et al. |
| 2001 | Craniiformea Carlson p. 1110 |
| 2006 | Craniiformea Skovsted p. 1093 |
| 2013 | Craniiformea Emig et al. p. 76 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subph. Craniiformea Popov et al. 1993
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Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996
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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828
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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828
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G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943
G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877
G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985
G. †Conocrania Smirnova 1996
G. Crania Retzius 1781
G. †Craniscus Dall 1871
G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964
G. †Deliella Halamski 2004
G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902
G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997
G. †Nematocrania Grant 1976
G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963
G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910
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Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]
G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851
G. †Venetocrania Bitner and Dieni 2005
G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967
G. †Xenocrania Chen and Rong 2019
Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]
Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963
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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963
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G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913
G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963
G. †Wrightiops Popov and Cocks 2014
Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]
G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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†Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. Williams et al. 1996 | Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads. |