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Craniiformea

Taxonomy
Craniiformea was named by Popov et al. (1993). It is extant.

It was assigned to Inarticulata by Zrzavy et al. (1998); and to Brachiopoda by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006) and Emig et al. (2013).

Subtaxa
Craniata

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1993Craniiformea Popov et al.
1996Craniiformea Williams et al. p. 1192
1998Craniiformea Zrzavy et al.
2001Craniiformea Carlson p. 1110
2006Craniiformea Skovsted p. 1093
2013Craniiformea Emig et al. p. 76

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumCraniiformeaPopov et al. 1993
subphylumCraniiformeaPopov et al. 1993

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subph. Craniiformea Popov et al. 1993
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Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996
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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885
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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828
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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828
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G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943
G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877
G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985
G. †Conocrania Smirnova 1996
G. Crania Retzius 1781
G. †Craniscus Dall 1871
G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964
G. †Deliella Halamski 2004
G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902
G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974
G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997
G. †Nematocrania Grant 1976
G. Neocrania Lee and Brunton 2001
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Invalid names: Orbicula d'Archiac 1843 [replaced]
G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963
G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910
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Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]
G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851
G. †Venetocrania Bitner and Dieni 2005
G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967
G. †Xenocrania Chen and Rong 2019
Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]
Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985
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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963
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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963
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G. †Craniops Hall 1859
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Invalid names: Pholidops Hall 1859 [synonym]
G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892
G. †Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913
G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963
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Invalid names: Sanxiaella [synonym]
G. †Wrightiops Popov and Cocks 2014
Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]
G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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†Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953
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G. †Adenus
Superfm. †Trimerelloidea Davidson and King 1872
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Fm. †Adensuidae Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
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G. †Adensu Popov and Rukavishnikova 1986
Fm. †Trimerellidae Davidson and King 1872
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G. †Belubula Percival 1995
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Invalid names: Zhuzhaiia Xu and Li 2002 [synonym]
G. †Bowanpodium Percival 1995
G. †Corystops Percival 1995
G. †Costitrimerella Rong and Li 1993
G. †Dinobolus Hall 1871
G. †Eodinobolus Rowell 1963
G. †Fengzuella Li and Han 1980
G. †Gasconsia Northrop 1939
G. †Gyroselenella Li 1985
G. †Keteiodoros Strusz 1998
G. †Monomerella Billings 1872
G. †Obolellina Billings 1871
G. †Ovidiella Nikitin and Popov 1984
G. †Palaeotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Paradinobolus Li and Han 1980
G. †Peritrimerella Liang 1983
G. †Porcidium Percival 1995
G. †Rhynobolus Hall 1871
G. †Sinotrimerella Li and Han 1980
G. †Trimerella Billings 1862
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Invalid names: Machaerocolella Li and Han 1980 [synonym], Prosoponella Li 1984 [synonym]
G. †Yidurella Zeng 1987
Fm. †Ussuniidae Nikitin and Popov 1984
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G. †Ussunia Nikitin and Popov 1984
Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. Williams et al. 1996Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads.