Also known as Gar El Muluk Formation, Gar El Muluk Hill
Where: Al Buhayrah, Egypt (30.4° N, 30.3° E: paleocoordinates 30.2° N, 30.2° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Gar El Muluk Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)
• From Wamas et al. 2020: James and Slaughter (1974) studied the type section of Gar El-Muluk and gave it the Upper Pliocene age. Philip et al. 1975 assigned it to Upper Pliocene age based on its fossils and stratigraphic position. Also, Abu Zeid (1984), Abdullah (1996), El-Shahat, et al. (1997) suggested an Upper Pliocene age for the Muluk Formation. In the present study, Upper Pliocene age is adopted for the El-Muluk Formation.
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: deltaic; poorly lithified, micaceous, green shale
•
•The formation consists of 35 m (115 ft) of shales, calcareous sandstones and thin limestone beds. It has been assigned a lower to upper Pliocene age. The succession includes, in an ascending order: 1) black carbonaceous shales, GREEN SANDY MICACEOUS SHALES; 2) cross-bedded sandstones and shales; 3) a 30 cm thick bed of calcareous sandstones; 4) a 10 m interval composed of green sands and shales; 5) a 10 cm limestone bed; 6) dark shales and green gypsiferous sands with chert pebbles and gypsum breccia.
Size class: macrofossils
Collection methods: No detailed collection data reported.
Primary reference: E. E. Tawadros. 2001. Geology of Egypt and Libya 1-468 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/M. Clapham]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 42119: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 23.07.2004, edited by Mark Uhen
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Reptilia | |
Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle | |
"Crocodilus sp." = Crocodylus
"Crocodilus sp." = Crocodylus Laurenti 1768 crocodile | |
Aves | |
Struthio sp. Linnaeus 1758 ostrich | |
Mammalia | |
Libypithecus markgrafi Stromer 1913 monkey | |
? Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare | |
Saidomys natrunensis mouse | |
Hipparion sp. de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse | |
Libytherium sp. Pomel 1892 placental | |
Samotherium sp. Forsyth Major 1888 giraffe | |
Hippotragus cf. cordieri antelope | |
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
Sivachoerus sp. Pilgrim 1926 pig | |
Machairodus cf. aphanistus Kaup 1833 cat | |
Hyaena sp. Brisson 1762 hyaena | |
Pristiphoca sp. Gervais 1853 seal | |
Lutra sp. Brisson 1762 otter | |
Sirenia indet. Illiger 1811 sirenian | |
Ostracoda | |
Cyprideis ovata ostracod
Cyprideis locketti ostracod | |
Cytherella sp. Jones 1849 ostracod | |
Bivalvia | |
"Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata
"Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata Born 1778 oyster | |
Foraminifera | |
Nodosariata | |
Nodosaria sp. Lamarck 1812 | |
Foraminifera | |
Orbulina universa, "Globigerina calida" = Globigerinella calida, "Globorotalia obesa" = Globigerinella obesa, Globigerina foliata, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerina falconensis, Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
Orbulina universa d'Orbigny 1839
"Globorotalia obesa" = Globigerinella obesa Bolli 1957
Globigerina foliata Bolli 1957
Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny 1826
Globigerina falconensis Blow 1959
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina Schwager 1866 | |
"Globorotalia acostaensis" = Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
"Globorotalia acostaensis" = Neogloboquadrina acostaensis Blow 1959 | |
Globothalamea | |
Nonion sp. Monfort 1808 | |
Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny 1826
Eponides sp. Montfort 1808 | |
Foraminifera | |
Tubothalamea | |