Where: Yunnan, China (26.5° N, 99.4° E: paleocoordinates 25.4° N, 98.7° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Sanying Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; red, carbonaceous claystone

Size class: mesofossils

Collection methods: sieve

• "One carbonaceous organic-rich layer within the red claystone was sampled for fossil material in the field. Samples of clay approximately 12 dm3 were soaked in water with a small amount of H2O2 (30%) until a slurry was formed. The slurry was then washed and sieved gradually in a 0.5 mm sieve to remove finer sediments from the charcoalified plant fragments. The residues were further sieved in water using a 4 mm sieve to remove the larger fragments, and facilitate observation. Fossil fruits and seeds were then sorted out from the other organic remains under a stereomicroscope. They were carefully cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner (UC, KO — 50 M) at a frequency of 40 kHz to remove adhering clay particles on the fossil surface. In total, more than 200 specimens of charcoalified fruits and seeds were separated." (Huang et al. 2012)

•Repository: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Primary reference: Y. J. Huang, F. M. B. Jacques, Y. S. Liu, T. Su, Y. W. Xing, X. H. Xiao, and Z. K. Zhou. 2012. New fossil endocarps of Sambucus (Adoxaceae) from the upper Pliocene in SW China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 171:152-163 [B. Allen/B. Allen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 224540: authorized by Bethany Allen, entered by Bethany Allen on 17.03.2022

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)