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Paenungulata

Mammalia -

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1945Paenungulata Simpson
1998Paenungulata Archibald
1999Paenungulata Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Paenungulata Waddell et al. p. 148
2005Uranotheria Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2007Paenungulata Seiffert
2009Paenungulata Gheerbrant p. 10717
2010Paenungulata Asher and Helgen p. 3
2010Paenungulata Barrow et al. p. 215
2016Paenungulata Gheerbrant et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Triploblastica
—Nephrozoa
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
—Sarcopterygii
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
—Batrachosauria()
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
—Synapsida()
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Epicynodontia
infraorderEucynodontia
—Probainognathia
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
subclassTribosphenida()
infraclassEutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Paenungulatomorpha
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoreuc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Luo et al. 2003, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.6 Ma

Collections (160 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Algeria Hyracoidea indet., Seggeurius amourensis (71984)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar) Titanohyrax mongereaui (36615)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Tunisia Titanohyrax tantalus (87795)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar region) Bunohyrax sp. (77017) Hyracoidea indet. (77021) Hyracoidea indet., Titanohyrax tantulus (36612) Hyracoidea n. gen., Hyracoidea indet., Thyrohyrax sp., Microhyrax lavocati (77014) Hyracoidea sp. (77022) Hyracoidea sp., Hyracoidea indet., Microhyrax lavocati (77016) Hyracoidea sp., Megalohyrax gevini, Microhyrax lavocati (77015) Microhyrax lavocati (77019) Titanohyrax mongereaui (77013)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Mali (Gao) Pliohyracidae indet. (175262)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene55.8 - 37.2Algeria (Bechar) Hyracoidea indet. (36614) Megalohyrax gevini, Microhyrax lavocati (36613)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Namahyrax corvus (149173)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Rupestrohyrax palustris (180197) Titanohyracidae indet. (165176)
Bartonian - Late/Upper Eocene41.3 - 33.9Libya Hyracoidea indet. (55449)
Bartonian - Priabonian41.3 - 33.9Algeria Bunohyrax matsumotoi (59733)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Egypt Dimaitherium patnaiki (67706)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Egypt (Fayum) Pliohyracidae indet. (181546)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Oman (Dhofar) Saghatherium bowni, Thyrohyrax meyeri (175334) Thyrohyrax meyeri (162464)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Egypt Antilohyrax sp. (187873)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Libya Saghatherium sp. (180110)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Libya (Sirt Basin) Thyrohyrax libycus (166446)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Egypt (Fayum) Bunohyrax sp., Geniohyus sp., Titanohyrax sp. nov. B, Megalohyrax eocaenus, Saghatherium bowni, Thyrohyrax meyeri, Titanohyrax sp. nov. A, Thyrohyrax litholagos (60127) Geniohyus diphycus (175420) Geniohyus major, Saghatherium magnum, Saghatherium antiquum, Saghatherium minus, Saghatherium majus, Megalohyrax eocaenus, Megalohyrax minor, Geniohyus mirus, Geniohyus fajumensis, Titanohyrax andrewsi, Titanohyrax ultimus (65960) Megalohyrax eocaenus, Pachyhyrax crassidentatus, Thyrohyrax domorictus (12960) Megalohyrax eocaenus, Titanohyrax angustidens, Pachyhyrax crassidentatus, Thyrohyrax domorictus (12954) Pachyhyrax crassidentatus, Thyrohyrax domorictus (12956) Thyrohyrax domorictus (13070 13071) Thyrohyrax sp. (12968) Thyrohyrax sp., Thyrohyrax pygmaeus (12964) Titanohyrax angustidens, Saghatherium humarum, Selenohyrax chatrathi, Geniohyus magnus, Thyrohyrax domorictus (12950) Titanohyrax angustidens, Thyrohyrax domorictus (12969)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Angola (Cabinda) Bunohyrax mirus, Geniohyus fajumensis (56682)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Egypt Thyrohyrax domorictus (71943)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Libya Megalohyrax palaeotherioides (154222)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Saudi Arabia (Al Hijaz) Geniohyus sp., Megalohyrax eocaenus (97221)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania Rukwalorax jinokitana (99405)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya Saghatheriinae indet. (166975 174673)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya (Rift Valley) Pachyhyrax sp., Afrohyrax n. sp., Brachyhyrax oligocenus, Thyrohyrax kenyaensis, Thyrohyrax microdon, Meroehyrax kyongoi (174664)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Kenya (Turkana) Afrohyrax n. sp., Brachyhyrax oligocenus, Thyrohyrax kenyaensis, Meroehyrax kyongoi (174662)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Ethiopia Bunohyrax sp., Megalohyrax sp., Pachyhyrax sp. (71941)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Uganda Megalohyrax championi (21723)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Kenya Megalohyrax championi (70808)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Pachyhyrax championi (47069)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608Namibia Prohyrax hendeyi (21855) Prohyrax sp. (70420)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Uganda Megalohyrax championi (28441) Meroehyrax bataeae, Megalohyrax championi (192070)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Kenya Brachyhyrax aequatorialis (21726) Hyracoidea indet. (57007) Megalohyrax championi (38060)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Kenya (Northern Frontier District) Pliohyrax championi, Megalohyrax championi, Prohyrax tertiarius (122454)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Uganda Brachyhyrax aequatorialis (73864)
Astaracian15.97 - 11.608Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) Hyracoidea indet. (48630)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Megalohyrax sp. (22082) Pachyhyrax championi (22069 22070) Parapliohyrax ngororaensis (22287) Procaviidae indet. (22300)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey (Usak) Pliohyrax graceus (34462)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Kenya Dendrohyrax samueli (110080)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Namibia Heterohyrax auricampensis (87787)
MN 109.7 - 8.7France (Region Rhone-Alpes) Pliohyrax rossignoli (36634)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Greece (Euboea) Pliohyrax graecus (202213)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Tajikistan (Sor) Sogdohyrax magianense (34392)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Afghanistan Pliohyrax sp. (75492)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Turkey Pliohyrax graecus (151910)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Procavia antiqua (59167)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Procavia pliocenica, Procavia antiqua (22221)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa Procavia antiqua (21827) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (22355)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Georgia Kvabebihyrax kachethicus (40392)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.781South Africa Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21791)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117South Africa Hyracoidea indet., Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (22334) Procavia capensis (21826) Procavia sp. (22332) Procavia sp., Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (207105) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21960)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa Procavia antiqua (21713)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588China (Hebei) Postschizotherium sp. (36317)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Gigantohyrax maguirei (21639) Heterohyrax brucei (21624)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa (Gauteng) Procavia sp. (183152)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21824)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Heterohyrax sp. (22272 22276) Procavia sp. (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Israel Procavia syriaca (39252)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21867)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (21695 21823 21915 21916 21929 21956 115191 115205) Procavia capensis, Procavia transvaalensis (21829) Procavia sp. (21913 21920) Procavia sp., Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21825) Procavia transvaalensis, Procavia antiqua (21828)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp., Procavia johnstoni (22074)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21868)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Procavia capensis (21948 21949 21950 21951 21952 21957)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Zambia Dendrohyrax sp. (21854) Procavia capensis, Heterohyrax brucei (21924)
Calabrian1.806 - 0.781South Africa Procavia capensis, Procavia transvaalensis (21961) Procavia sp. (21822)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Israel Procavia capensis (192424 192425)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Kenya Procavia sp. (21276) Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp. (21277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plain) Procavia sp. (32093)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (90070 96974) Procavia sp. (113858)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti plains) Procavia sp. (32124)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) Procavia sp. (32119)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) Procavia sp. (32090)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Israel (Mount Carmel) Procavia syriaca (11803)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117South Africa Procavia capensis (115167)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Procavia capensis (21862 21866 21914 21918 21930 21940 21946 96973)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Heterohyrax brucei (21933)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Zambia Dendrohyrax sp. (21895) Heterohyrax brucei (21894)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Procavia capensis (21858 21861 21897 21908 21909 21911 21912 21943)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Procavia habessinica, Heterohyrax brucei (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) Procavia sp. (32107)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Dendrohyrax arboreus (22068) Procaviidae indet., Procavia sp., Dendrohyrax sp. (22073)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Swaziland Procavia capensis (21927 21955)