Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Paenungulata

Mammalia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1945Paenungulata Simpson p. 240
1998Paenungulata Archibald
1998Paenungulata Stanhope et al.
1999Paenungulata Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Paenungulata Waddell et al. p. 148
2005Uranotheria Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2007Paenungulata Seiffert
2009Paenungulata Gheerbrant p. 10717
2010Paenungulata Asher and Helgen p. 3
2010Paenungulata Barrow et al. p. 215
2016Paenungulata Gheerbrant et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
superorderAfrotheria
—Paenungulatomorpha
superorderPaenungulata
superorderPaenungulata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Paenungulata Simpson 1945
show all | hide all
Or. Hyracoidea Huxley 1869 [hyrax]
hide
G. †Dimaitherium Barrow et al. 2010
+
†Dimaitherium patnaiki Barrow et al. 2010
G. †Namahyrax Pickford et al. 2008
+
†Namahyrax corvus Pickford et al. 2008
Fm. †Pliohyracidae Matsumoto 1926
+
Subfm. †Geniohyinae Matsumoto 1926
+
G. †Brachyhyrax Pickford 2004
+
†Brachyhyrax aequatorialis Pickford 2004
†Brachyhyrax oligocenus Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
G. †Geniohyus Andrews 1904
+
†Geniohyus diphycus Matsumoto 1926
†Geniohyus gigas Matsumoto 1926
†Geniohyus magnus Andrews 1904
†Geniohyus micrognathus Schlosser 1911
†Geniohyus mirus Andrews 1904
†Geniohyus subgigas Matsumoto 1926
G. †Hengduanshanhyrax Cheng 2003
G. †Kvabebihyrax Gabunia and Vekua 1966
G. †Megalohyrax Andrews 1903
+
†Megalohyrax eocaenus Andrews 1903
†Megalohyrax gevini Sudre 1979
†Megalohyrax major Andrews 1904
†Megalohyrax minor Andrews 1904
Invalid names: Mixohyrax Schlosser 1910 [synonym]
G. †Meroehyrax Whitworth 1954
+
†Meroehyrax bateae Whitworth 1954
†Meroehyrax kyongoi Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
G. †Pachyhyrax Schlosser 1910
+
†Pachyhyrax crassidentatus Schlosser 1910
G. †Parapliohyrax Lavocat 1961
+
†Parapliohyrax mirabilis Lavocat 1961
†Parapliohyrax ngororaensis Pickford and Fisher 1987
Subfm. †Pliohyracinae Osborn 1899
+
G. †Soqdohyrax Dubrovo 1978
G. †Pliohyrax Osborn 1899
G. †Postschizotherium von Koenigswald 1932
+
†Postschizotherium chardini Koenigswald 1932
†Postschizotherium intermedium Koenigswald 1966
†Postschizotherium licenti Koenigswald 1966
Subfm. Saghatheriinae Andrews 1906
+
G. †Bunohyrax Schlosser 1910
+
†Bunohyrax affinis Matsumoto 1926
†Bunohyrax fajumensis Andrews 1904
†Bunohyrax major Andrews 1904
†Bunohyrax matsumatoi Tabuce et al. 2000
†Bunohyrax matusmotoi Tabuce 2000
G. †Microhyrax Sudre 1979
+
†Microhyrax lavocati Sudre 1979
G. †Saghatherium Andrews and Beadnell 1902
+
†Saghatherium annectens Matsumoto 1926
†Saghatherium antiquum Andrews and Beadnell 1902
†Saghatherium bowni Rasmussen and Simons 1991
†Saghatherium euryodon Matsumoto 1926
†Saghatherium humarum Rasmussen and Simons 1988
†Saghatherium macrodon Matsumoto 1926
†Saghatherium magnum Andrews 1904
†Saghatherium majus Andrews 1906
†Saghatherium minus Andrews and Beadnell 1902
†Saghatherium sobrina Matsumoto 1926
G. †Seggeurius Crochet 1986
+
†Seggeurius amourensis Crochet 1986
G. †Thyrohyrax Meyer 1973
+
†Thyrohyrax domorictus Meyer 1973
†Thyrohyrax kenyaensis Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
†Thyrohyrax libycus Coster et al. 2015
†Thyrohyrax litholagus Rasmussen and Simons 1991
†Thyrohyrax meyeri Rasmussen and Simons 1991
†Thyrohyrax microdon Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
†Thyrohyrax pygmaeus Matsumoto 1921
G. †Selenohyrax Rasmussen and Simons 1988
+
†Selenohyrax chatrathi Rasmussen and Simons 1988
G. †Sogdohyrax Dubrovo 1978
Fm. Procaviidae Thomas 1892 [hyrax]
+
G. Dendrohyrax Gray 1868 [tree hyrax]
+
Dendrohyrax arboreus Smith 1827 [southern tree hyrax]
Dendrohyrax dorsalis Fraser 1853 [western tree hyrax]
†Dendrohyrax samueli Pickford 2005
G. †Gigantohyrax Kitching 1965
+
†Gigantohyrax maguirei Kitching 1965
G. Heterohyrax Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
+
†Heterohyrax auricampensis Rasmussen et al. 1996
Heterohyrax brucei Gray 1868 [rock hyrax]
+
Invalid names: Dendrohyrax (Heterohyrax) blainvillii Gray 1868 [synonym], Procavia pumila Thomas 1901 [synonym]
G. Procavia Storr 1780 [Cape hyrax]
+
†Procavia antiqua Broom 1934
Procavia capensis Pallas 1766 [Cape hyrax]
†Procavia obermeyerae Broom 1937
†Procavia pliocenica Pickford 2005
†Procavia robertsi Broom and Schepers 1946
Invalid names: Euhyrax Gray 1868 [synonym], Hyrax Herman 1783 [synonym]
G. †Prohyrax Stromer 1926
+
†Prohyrax hendeyi Pickford 1994
†Prohyrax tertiarius Stromer 1922
Invalid names: Hyracidae Gray 1821 [synonym]
G. †Rukwalorax Stevens et al. 2009
+
†Rukwalorax jinokitana Stevens et al. 2009
Fm. †Titanohyracidae Matsumoto 1926
+
G. †Afrohyrax Pickford 2004
+
†Afrohyrax championi Arambourg 1933
G. †Antilohyrax Rasmussen and Simons 2000
+
†Antilohyrax pectidens Rasmussen and Simons 2000
G. †Rupestrohyrax Pickford 2015
+
†Rupestrohyrax palustris Pickford 2015
G. †Titanohyrax Matsumoto 1922
+
†Titanohyrax andrewsi Matsumoto 1922
†Titanohyrax angustidens Rasmussen and Simons 1988
†Titanohyrax mongereaui Sudre 1979
†Titanohyrax schlosseri Matsumoto 1921
†Titanohyrax tantulus Court and Hartenberger 1992
†Titanohyrax ultimus Matsumoto 1922
Invalid names: Titanohyrax palaeotherioides Schlosser 1911 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Procaviamorpha Whitworth 1954 [empty], Pseudhippomorpha Whitworth 1954 [empty]
Unr. †Sudamericungulata Avilla and Mothé 2021
hide
Or. †Astrapotheria Lydekker 1894
+
G. †Antarctodon Bond et al. 2011
+
†Antarctodon sobrali Bond et al. 2011
Fm. †Astrapotheriidae Ameghino 1887
+
G. †Astrapodon Ameghino 1891
G. †Astraponotus Ameghino 1901
+
†Astraponotus assymmetrus Ameghino 1901
†Astraponotus dicksoni Roth 1904
†Astraponotus holdichi Roth 1904
Invalid names: Megalophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Notamynus Roth 1903 [synonym]
G. †Astrapothericulus Ameghino 1902
+
+
Invalid names: Astrapothericulus peninsulatus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
†Astrapothericulus iheringi Ameghino 1899
+
Invalid names: Astrapothericulus hebetatus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
G. †Astrapotherium Burmeister 1879
+
†Astrapotherium christi Stehlin 1928
†Astrapotherium guillei Kramarz et al. 2019
†Astrapotherium magnum Owen 1853
+
Invalid names: Astrapodon carinatus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium angustidens Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium burmeisteri Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium columnatum Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium gaudryi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium karaikense Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Astrapotherium marshi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium nanum Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Astrapotherium patagonicum Burmeister 1879 [synonym], Listriotherium filholi Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Xylotherium mirabile Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Astrapotherium ruderarium Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Astrapothericulus laevisculus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Astrapothericulus minusculus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Astrapotherium triangulidens Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Parastrapotherium paucum Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Prochalicotherium patagonicum Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Astrapotherium hespernium Cabrera 1940 [nomen vanum], Listriotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Mesembriotherium Moreno 1882 [synonym], Xylotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Comahuetherium Kramarz and Bond 2011
+
†Comahuetherium coccaorum Kramarz and Bond 2011
G. †Ganastrapotherium Johnson 1984
+
†Ganastrapotherium snorki Johnson 1984
G. †Liarthrus
+
†Liarthrus copei Ameghino 1894
G. †Maddenia Kramarz and Bond 2009
+
†Maddenia lapidaria Kramarz and Bond 2009
G. †Monoeidodon Roth 1898
+
†Monoeidodon prinum Roth 1898
G. †Parastrapotherium Ameghino 1895
+
†Parastrapotherium crassum Ameghino 1902
†Parastrapotherium ephebicum Ameghino 1889
†Parastrapotherium herculeum Ameghino 1899
†Parastrapotherium holmbergi Ameghino 1894
+
Invalid names: Helicolophodon giganteus Roth 1904 [synonym], Loxocoelus obturtus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Parastrapotherium lemoinei Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Parastrapotherium trouessarti Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Traspoatherium convexidens Ameghino 1894 [synonym]
†Parastrapotherium martiale Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Parastrapotherium insuperabile Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Parastrapotherium superabile Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
†Parastrapotherium symmetrum Ameghino 1902
†Parastrapotherium variabile Ameghino 1901
†Parastrapotherium voghti Mercerat 1891
Invalid names: Helicolophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Loxocoelus [synonym], Traspoatherium [synonym]
G. †Scaglia Simpson 1957
+
†Scaglia kraglievichorum Simpson 1957
G. †Tonorhinus Ameghino 1904
Subfm. †Uruguaytheriinae Kraglievich 1928
+
G. †Granastrapotherium Johnson 1984
G. †Hilarcotherium Vallejo-Pareja et al. 2015
G. †Uruguaytherium Kraglievich 1928
G. †Xenastrapotherium Kraglievich 1928
+
Invalid names: Synastrapotherium Paula Couto 1976 [synonym]
Invalid names: Astrapotheriinae Soria and Alvarenga 1989 [empty]
Fm. †Eoastrapostylopidae Soria and Powell 1981
+
G. †Eoastrapostylops Soria and Powell 1981
+
†Eoastrapostylops riolorense Soria and Powell 1981
Fm. †Trigonostylopidae Ameghino 1901
+
G. †Albertogaudrya Ameghino 1901
+
†Albertogaudrya carahuasensis Carbajal et al. 1977
†Albertogaudrya unica Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Albertogaudrya oxygona Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Albertogaudrya regia Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Albertogaudrya separata Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Albertogaudrya tersa Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Scabellia cyclogona Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Scabellia laticincta Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Scabellia Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Tetragonostylops Paula Couto 1963
+
†Tetragonostylops apthomasi Price and Paula Couto 1950
G. †Trigonostylops Ameghino 1897
+
†Trigonostylops wortmani Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Trigonostylops columnifer Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Trigonostylops coryphodontoides Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Trigonostylops eximius Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops germinalis Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Trigonostylops hemicyclus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops insumptus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops integer Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops minimus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops scabellum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops secundarius Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops subtrigonus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Trigonostylops trigonus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chiodon Berg 1899 [synonym], Staurodon Roth 1899 [synonym], Trigonostylops gegenbauri Roth 1899 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Hedralophus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Hedralophus bicostatus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Seudenius Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Seudenius cteronc Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Shecenia Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Shecenia ctirneru Simpson 1935 [nomen dubium], Staurodon supernus Roth 1899 [nomen dubium], Trigonostylops duplex Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Astrapotheroidea Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Blastoconus Roth 1903 [nomen dubium], Blastoconus robertsoni Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Grypolophodon Roth 1903 [nomen vanum], Grypolophodon morenoi Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Grypolophodon tuberculosis Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Notorhinus Roth 1903 [nomen vanum], Notorhinus haroldi Roth 1904 [nomen vanum]
Or. †Notoungulata Roth 1903 [notoungulate]
+
G. †Acoelodus Ameghino 1897
+
†Acoelodus debilitatus Ameghino 1901
†Acoelodus oppositus Ameghino 1897
†Acoelodus proclivus Ameghino 1902
†Acoelodus terminalis Ameghino 1902
G. †Allalmeia Rusconi 1946
+
†Allalmeia atalaensis Rusconi 1946
G. †Archaeogaia Zimicz et al. 2020
+
†Archaeogaia macachaae Zimicz et al. 2020
Fm. †Archaeopithecidae Ameghino 1897
+
G. †Acropithecus Ameghino 1904
G. †Archaeopithecus Ameghino 1897
+
†Archaeopithecus rogeri Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Acropithecus tersus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Adpithecus plenus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Archaeopithecus alternans Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Archaeopithecus rigidus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Notopithecus fossulatus Ameghino 1897 [synonym]
G. †Teratopithecus López et al. 2020
+
†Teratopithecus elpidophoros López et al. 2020
G. †Archaeoplus Ameghino 1898
+
†Archaeoplus incipiens Ameghino 1898
Subor. †Entelonychia
+
Fm. †Homalodontotheridae Ameghino 1889
+
G. †Diorotherium Ameghino 1891
G. †Homalodontotherium Huxley 1870
G. †Prochalicotherium Ameghino 1902
G. †Eudiastatus Ameghino 1891
G. †Eurystephanodon Roth 1903
Subor. †Hegetotheria Simpson 1945
+
G. †Eohegetotherium Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Eohegetotherium priscum Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]
G. †Pseudopachyrucos Ameghino 1901
+
Fm. †Henricosborniidae Ameghino 1901
+
G. †Acamana Simpson et al. 1962
+
†Acamana ambiguus Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Henricosbornia Ameghino 1901
+
†Henricosbornia ampla Ameghino 1904
†Henricosbornia lophodonta Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Hemistylops paucicuspidatus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Hemistylops trigonostyloides Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Henricosbornia alouatina Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Henricosbornia subconica Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Henricosbornia waitehor Simpson 1935 [synonym], Microstylops clarus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Microstylops monoconus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pantostylops completus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Pantostylops incompletus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Pantostylops typus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Peripantostylops orehor Simpson 1935 [synonym], Polystylops progrediens Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Prohyracotherium matutinum Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Prohyracotherium patagonicum Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Selenoconus centralis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Selenoconus senex Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Selenoconus spiculatus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
†Henricosbornia minuta Roth 1904
Invalid names: Hemistylops Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Microstylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Monolophodon Roth 1903 [synonym], Pantostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Polystylops Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Prohyracotherium Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Selenoconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Nanolophodon Castro et al. 2021
+
†Nanolophodon tutuca Castro et al. 2021
G. †Orome Bauzá et al. 2019
+
†Orome deepi Bauzá et al. 2019
G. †Othnielmarshia Ameghino 1901
+
†Othnielmarshia curvicrista Ameghino 1901
†Othnielmarshia lacunifera Ameghino 1901
†Othnielmarshia reflexa Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Postpithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Peripantostylops Ameghino 1904
+
†Peripantostylops minutus Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Selenoconus agilis Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Simpsonotus Pascual et al. 1978
+
†Simpsonotus major Pascual et al. 1978
†Simpsonotus praecursor Pascual et al. 1978
Invalid names: Pantostylopidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Selenoconidae Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
G. †Heterolophodon Roth 1904
+
Subor. †Notioprogonia Simpson 1934
+
Fm. †Perutheriidae Grambast et al. 1967
+
G. †Perutherium Grambast et al. 1967
G. †Satshatemnus Soria 1989
+
Unr. †Notopithecidae Ameghino 1897
+
G. †Antepithecus Ameghino 1901
+
+
Invalid names: Adpithecus reduncus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Antepithecus interrasus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Gonopithecus trigonodontoides Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Infrapithecus cinctus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Pseudadiantus imperfectus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Pseudadiantus secans Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Infrapithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Patriarchippus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pseudadiantus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Eupithecops Ameghino 1897
+
†Eupithecops proximus Ameghino 1897
G. †Guilielmoscottia Ameghino 1901
+
†Guilielmoscottia plicifera Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Notopithecus amplidens Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Notopithecus Ameghino 1897
+
†Notopithecus adapinus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Adpithecus secans Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Adpithecus subtenuis Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Antepithecus gradatus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Epipithecus confluens Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Infrapithecus diversus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Adpithecus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Epipithecus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Gonopithecus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Transpithecus Ameghino 1901
+
†Transpithecus obtentus Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Acoelodus connectus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Patriarchippus annectens Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Fm. †Notostylopidae Ameghino 1897
+
G. †Boreastylops Vucetich 1980
+
†Boreastylops lumbrerensis Vucetich 1980
G. †Chilestylops Bradham et al. 2015
+
†Chilestylops davidsoni Bradham et al. 2015
G. †Edvardotrouessartia Ameghino 1901
+
†Edvardotrouessartia sola Ameghino 1901
G. †Homalostylops Ameghino 1901
+
†Homalostylops parvus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Acrostylops pungiunculus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Entelostylops incolumis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Homalostylops rigeo Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Acrostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Notostylops Ameghino 1897
+
†Notostylops appressus Ameghino 1902
†Notostylops murinus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Anastylops vallatus Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Dimerostephanos chicoensis Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Entelostylops completus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Entelostylops tripartitus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Isostylops fretus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Notostylops ampullaceus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Notostylops aspectans Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Notostylops brachycephalus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Notostylops chicoensis Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Notostylops complexus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Notostylops escaridus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Notostylops irregularis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Notostylops promurinus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pliostylops magnificus Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
†Notostylops pendens Ameghino 1901
†Notostylops pigafettai Simpson 1948
Invalid names: Anastylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Catastylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Catastylops deflexus Ameghino 1904 [nomen vanum], Entelostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Entelostylops cestillus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum], Eostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Eostylops diversidens Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum], Isostylops Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Notostylops bicinctus Ameghino 1897 [nomen vanum], Pliostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Orthogeniops Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Orthogenium Roth 1902 [replaced]
G. †Otrhonia Roth 1902
+
†Otronia muehlbergi Roth 1902
Invalid names: Homalostylops interlissus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Oldfieldthomasiidae Simpson 1945
+
G. †Brachystephanus Simpson et al. 1962
+
†Brachystephanus postremus Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Camargomendesia Paulo Couto 1978
G. †Colbertia Paula Couto 1952
+
†Colbertia falui Fernández et al. 2021
†Colbertia lumbrerense Bond 1981
†Colbertia magellanica Price and Paula Couto 1950
G. †Dolichostylodon García López and Powell 2009
+
†Dolichostylodon saltensis García López and Powell 2009
G. †Itaboraitherium Paula Couto 1970
+
†Itaboraitherium atavum Couto 1954
+
Invalid names: Homalostylops atavus Paula Couto 1954 [objective synonym]
G. †Kibenikhoria Simpson 1935
+
†Kibenikhoria get Simpson 1935
G. †Maxschlosseria Ameghino 1901
+
†Maxschlosseria praeterita Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Maxschlosseria consumata Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Maxschlosseria expansa Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Maxschlosseria minima Ameghino 1897 [objective synonym], Maxschlosseria minuta Ameghino 1901 [objective synonym], Maxschlosseria rusticula Ameghino 1901 [objective synonym], Maxschlosseria septa Ameghino 1901 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Paracoelodus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Oldfieldthomasia Ameghino 1901
+
†Oldfieldthomasia debilitata Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Antepithecus innexus Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Oldfieldthomasia cingulata Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oldfieldthomasia conifera Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oldfieldthomasia cuneata Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oldfieldthomasia furcata Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oldfieldthomasia plicata Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Oldfieldthomasia transversa Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
†Oldfieldthomasia parvidens Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Oldfieldthomasia pulchella Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Paginula Ameghino 1901
+
†Paginula parca Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Acoelodus microdon Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Suniodon López 1995
+
†Suniodon catamarcensis López 1995
G. †Tsamnichoria Simpson 1936
+
†Tsamnichoria cabrerai Simpson 1936
G. †Ultrapithecus Ameghino 1901
+
†Ultrapithecus rutilans Ameghino 1901
G. †Xenostephanus Simpson et al. 1962
+
†Xenostephanus chiottii Simpson et al. 1962
Invalid names: Acoelodidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Subor. †Toxodontia Ameghino 1887
+
Unr. †Eutoxodontia Martínez et al. 2020
+
G. †Argyrohippus Ameghino 1902
G. †Eomorphippus Ameghino 1901
+
Invalid names: Eurystomus Roth 1902 [synonym], Pleurystomus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Pseudostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Eurygenium Ameghino 1894
+
Invalid names: Eurygeniops Ameghino 1897 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Leontiniidae Ameghino 1894
G. †Mendozahippus Cerdeño and Vera 2010
G. †Moqueguahippus Shockey et al. 2006
G. †Morphippus Ameghino 1897
G. †Notohippus Ameghino 1891
G. †Pascualihippus Shockey 1997
G. †Patagonhippus López et al. 2010
G. †Rosendo Wyss et al. 2018
G. †Teushentherium Martínez et al. 2020
Fm. †Toxodontidae Scott 1873
Fm. †Haplodontheriidae Ameghino 1907
+
G. †Abothrodon Paula Couto 1944
G. †Ceratoxodon Ameghino 1907
G. †Haplodontherium Ameghino 1885
+
Invalid names: Pachynodon Burmeister 1891 [synonym]
G. †Mesotoxodon Paula Couto 1982
G. †Neotrigodon Spillmann 1949
G. †Plesioxotodon Roth 1902
G. †Stereotoxodon Ameghino 1904
G. †Toxodontherium Ameghino 1883
G. †Trigodon Ameghino 1882
G. †Trigodonops Kraglievich 1930
Fm. †Homalodotheriidae Gregory 1910
+
G. †Asmodeus Ameghino 1894
G. †Asmodus
Subfm. †Chasicotheriinae Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Homalodotherium Huxley 1870
G. †Trigonolophodon Roth 1903
Fm. †Isotemnidae Ameghino 1897
+
G. †Acoelohyrax Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Plexotemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Anisotemnus Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Toxotemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Calodontotherium Roth 1903
G. †Coelostylodon Simpson 1970
G. †Distylophorus Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Stylophorus Roth 1902 [replaced]
G. †Isotemnus Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Amphitemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Dimerostephanos Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Eochalicotherium Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Lelfunia Roth 1902 [synonym], Prostylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym]
G. †Lophocoelus Ameghino 1904
G. †Pampatemnus Vucetich and Bond 1982
G. †Pleurocoelodon Ameghino 1894
G. †Pleurostylodon Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Anchistrum Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Coelostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Dialophus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Parastylops Ameghino 1897 [synonym], Paratemnus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Porotemnus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Tychostylops Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
G. †Rhyphodon Roth 1899
+
Invalid names: Pehuenia Roth 1902 [synonym], Setebos Roth 1902 [synonym]
G. †Thomashuxleya Ameghino 1901
G. †Trimerostephanos Ameghino 1895
Invalid names: Colhuapia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Colhuapia rosei Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Colhuelia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Eurystephanodon crassatus Roth 1903 [nomen dubium], Interhippus deflexus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia schmidti Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Lafkenia sulcifera Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pehuenia magna Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Thomashuxleya principialis Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Trigonolophodon modicus Roth 1904 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nesotherium Mercerat 1891
G. †Noaditherium Ameghino 1907
G. †Periphragnis Roth 1899
+
†Periphragnis circunflexus Ameghino 1901
†Periphragnis exauctus Ameghino 1902
†Periphragnis harmeri Roth 1899
+
Invalid names: Asmodeus armatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Calodontotherium varietatum Roth 1904 [synonym], Eurystephanodon cattanii Roth 1904 [synonym], Lemudeus angustidens Roth 1904 [synonym], Tehuelia regia Roth 1902 [synonym], Thomashuxleya rankei Roth 1902 [synonym]
†Periphragnis palmeri Roth 1904
+
Invalid names: Periphragnis cristatus Roth 1904 [synonym]
†Periphragnis vicentei Bradham et al. 2015
Invalid names: Coelodontotherium Roth 1903 [synonym], Lemudeus Roth 1903 [synonym], Proasmodeus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Tehuelia Roth 1902 [synonym]
Fm. †Xotodontidae Ameghino 1889
+
G. †Palaeolithops Ameghino 1891
+
Invalid names: Lithops Ameghino 1887 [replaced]
Invalid names: Atryptheridae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Lithops praevius Ameghino 1887 [nomen dubium], Notohippidae Ameghino 1894 [invalid subgroup], Pachyrucidae Lydekker 1894 [empty], Protoxodontidae Ameghino 1889 [empty], Rhadinotherium limitatum Mercerat 1891 [nomen dubium], Tembotheridae Moreno 1882 [empty]
Subor. †Typotheria Zittel 1892
+
Fm. †Campanorcidae Bond et al. 1984
+
G. †Campanorco Bond et al. 1984
G. †Griphotherion García López and Powell 2011
+
†Griphotherion peiranoi García López and Powell 2011
Unr. †Hegetotheriidae Ameghino 1894
+
G. †Getohetherium Ameghino 1904
Unr. †Hegetotheriinae Ameghino 1894
G. †Hegetotheriopsis Kramarz and Paz 2013
Unr. †Pachyrukhinae Kraglievich 1934
G. †Paedsotherium Burmeister 1888
G. †Pseudohegetotherium Cabrera and Kraglievich 1931
G. †Selatherium Ameghino 1894
Invalid names: Propachyrucos aequilatus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Propachyrucos crassus Ameghino 1897 [nomen dubium], Propachyrucos robustus Roth 1898 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Hemihegetotheriidae Rusconi 1933
+
G. †Notopachyrukhos Rusconi 1933
Fm. †Interatheriidae Ameghino 1887
+
G. †Antofagastia García López and Babot 2015
G. †Argyrohyrax Ameghino 1897
+
Invalid names: Notohyrax Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Plagiarthrus Ameghino 1896 [synonym]
G. †Cochilius Ameghino 1902
+
Invalid names: Paracochilius Bordas 1939 [objective synonym]
G. †Fiandraia Roselli 1976
G. †Ignigena Hitz et al. 2006
Subfm. †Interatheriinae Simpson 1945
G. †Interatherium Ameghino 1887
+
Invalid names: Icochilus Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Tembotherium Moreno 1882 [synonym]
G. †Johnbell Hitz et al. 2006
G. †Miocochilius Stirton 1953
G. †Nesciotherium Roth 1898
G. †Patriarchus Ameghino 1889
G. †Progaleopithecus Ameghino 1904
G. †Protypotherium Ameghino 1882
+
Invalid names: Epipatriarchus Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Toxodontophanus Moreno 1882 [synonym]
G. †Punapithecus López and Bond 1995
Fm. †Mesotheriidae Alston 1876
+
Subfm. †Mesotheriinae Alston 1876
G. †Trachytherus Ameghino 1889
+
Invalid names: Ameghinotherium Podestá 1899 [synonym], Anatrachytherus Reguero and Castro 2004 [synonym], Eutrachytherus Ameghino 1897 [objective synonym], Isoproedrium Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Proedium Ameghino 1895 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trachytheriinae Ameghino 1889 [empty]
+
G. †Archaeophylus Ameghino 1897
G. †Caenophilus Ameghino 1904
G. †Phanophilus Ameghino 1904
+
G. †Entelomorphus Ameghino 1889
G. †Trachytypotherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Xenotherium Ameghino 1904
Superfm. †Typotherioidea Reguero and Castro 2004
+
Fm. †Archaeohyracidae Ameghino 1897
Invalid names: Eutrachytheriidae Ameghino 1897 [empty]
Subor. †Typotheroidea
+
Invalid names: Hegetotheroidea [empty]
Invalid names: Albertogaudryidae Ameghino 1901 [empty], Archaeotypotherium transitum Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Brandmayria Cabrera 1935 [nomen dubium], Carolodarwinia Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Carolodarwinia pyramidentata Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Claenodon patagonicus Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Degonia sympathica Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Edvardocopeia Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Edvardocopeia sinuosa Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Epitypotherium cancellatum Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Homalodotheria [empty], Isotypotherium Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus patagonicus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Lophiodonticulus retroversus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Notopithecus summus Ameghino 1897 [nomen dubium], Orthogenium ameghinoi Roth 1902 [nomen vanum], Ortholophodon Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pleurystylops Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Pleurystylops glebosus Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Procolpodon Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Procolpodon foratus Ameghino 1904 [nomen dubium], Pyramidon Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Pyramidon klaatschi Roth 1902 [nomen dubium], Tonostylops Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Tonostylops spissus Ameghino 1902 [nomen dubium], Trimerostephanos ultimus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum], Ultrapithecus robustus Roth 1902 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Pyrotheria Ameghino 1895
+
G. †Carolozittelia Ameghino 1901
+
†Carolozittelia tapiroides Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Carolozittelia eluta Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium]
G. †Griphodon Anthony 1924
+
†Griphodon peruvianus Anthony 1924
Fm. †Pyrotheridae Ameghino 1894
+
G. †Archaeolophus Ameghino 1897
+
†Archaeolophus praecursor Ameghino 1897
G. †Planodus Ameghino 1887
+
†Planodus ursinus Ameghino 1887
G. †Pyrotherium Ameghino 1888
+
†Pyrotherium giganteum Ameghino 1897
†Pyrotherium macfaddeni Shockey and Anaya-Daza 2004
†Pyrotherium planum Ameghino 1897
†Pyrotherium pluteum Ameghino 1901
†Pyrotherium romerii Ameghino 1888
†Pyrotherium sorondoi Ameghino 1894
Fm. †Pyrotheriidae Ameghino 1889
+
G. †Baguatherium Salas et al. 2006
+
†Baguatherium jaureguii Salas et al. 2006
G. †Colombitherium Hoffstetter 1970
+
†Colombitherium tolimense Hoffstetter 1970
G. †Propyrotherium Ameghino 1901
+
†Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Carolozittelidae Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Colombitheriidae Hoffstetter 1970 [synonym], Promoeritherium Ameghino 1906 [nomen dubium], Promoeritherium australe Ameghino 1906 [nomen dubium]
Or. †Xenungulata Paula Couto 1952
+
Fm. †Carodniidae Paula Couto 1952
+
G. †Carodnia Simpson 1935
+
†Carodnia feruglioi Simpson 1935
+
Invalid names: Ctalecarodnia cabrerai Simpson 1935 [synonym]
†Carodnia inexpectans Antoine et al. 2015
†Carodnia karuen Gelfo et al. 2024
†Carodnia vieirai Paula Couto 1952
Invalid names: Ctalecarodnia Simpson 1935 [synonym]
G. †Rodcania Gelfo et al. 2020
+
†Rodcania kakan Gelfo et al. 2020
G. †Etayoa Villarroel 1987
+
†Etayoa bacatensis Villarroel 1987
G. †Notoetayoa Gelfo et al. 2008
+
†Notoetayoa gargantuai Gelfo et al. 2008
Invalid names: Etayoidae Villarroel 1987 [empty]
Unr. Tethytheria McKenna 1975
hide
+
Fm. †Arsinoitheriidae Andrews 1904
+
Subfm. †Arsinoitheriinae Sen and Heintz 1979
+
G. †Arsinoitherium Beadnell 1902
+
†Arsinoitherium giganteum Sanders et al. 2004
†Arsinoitherium zitelli Beadnell 1902
†Arsinoitherium zitteli Beadnell 1902
+
Invalid names: Arsinoitherium andrewsi Lankester 1903 [synonym]
Subfm. †Palaeoamasiinae Sen and Heintz 1979
+
G. †Axainamasia Métais et al. 2024
G. †Crivadiatherium Radulesco et al. 1976
G. †Palaeoamasia Ozansoy 1966
Invalid names: Hypsamasia Maas et al. 1998 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lunania Chow 1957
+
†Lunania zhoui Huang 2002
G. †Namatherium Pickford et al. 2008
+
†Namatherium blackcrowense Pickford et al. 2008
G. †Stylolophus Gheerbrant et al. 2018
+
†Stylolophus major Gheerbrant et al. 2021
†Stylolophus minor Gheerbrant et al. 2018
Invalid names: Stylolophidae Gheerbrant et al. 2021 [empty]
Or. Proboscidea Illiger 1811 [proboscidean]
+
G. †Arcanotherium Delmer 2009
+
†Arcanotherium savagei Court 1995
Subor. †Barytherioidea Simpson 1945
+
Fm. †Barytheriidae [barythere]
+
G. †Barytherium Andrews 1901
G. †Omanitherium Seiffert et al. 2012
Fm. †Numidotheriidae Shoshani and Tassy 1996
+
G. †Daouitherium Gheerbrant and Sudre 2002
G. †Numidotherium Jaeger 1986
Fm. †Choerolophodontidae Gaziry 1976
+
G. †Afrochoerodon Picford 2001
+
†Afrochoerodon kisumuensis Picford 2001
†Afrochoerodon zaltaniensis Pickford 2001
G. †Choerolophodon Schlesinger 1917
+
†Choerolophodon anatolicus Ozansoy 1965
†Choerolophodon chioticus Tobien 1980
†Choerolophodon pentelici Gaudry and Lartet 1856
G. †Cryptomastodon von Koenigswald 1933
+
†Cryptomastodon martini Koenigswald 1933
Superfm. †Deinotherioidea Osborn 1936
+
Fm. †Deinotheriidae Bonaparte 1845 [deinothere]
+
Subfm. †Chilgatheriinae Sanders et al. 2004
Subfm. †Deinotheriinae Bonaparte 1845
G. †Prodeinotherium Ehik 1930
Invalid names: Dinotheriina Bonaparte 1850 [invalid subgroup]
Subor. Elephantiformes Tassy 1988
+
G. †Dagbatitherium Hautier et al. 2021
+
†Dagbatitherium tassyi Hautier et al. 2021
Superfm. Elephantoidea Gray 1821
+
Fm. Elephantidae Gray 1821 [elephant]
G. †Paratetralophodon Tassy 1983
Fm. †Stegodontidae Osborn 1918
Invalid names: Loxodontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammontinae Osborn 1921 [empty], Mammutoidea [empty]
G. †Hemimastodon Pilgrim 1912
+
†Hemimastodon annectens Matsumoto 1924
Fm. †Palaeomastodontidae Andrews 1906
+
G. †Palaeomastodon Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Phiomiidae Kalandadze and Rautian 1992 [empty]
Unr. Elephantimorpha Tassy and Shoshani 1997
+
Unr. Elephantida Tassy and Shoshani 1997
+
Invalid names: Gomphotherioidea Hay 1922 [empty]
G. †Eritreaum Shoshani et al. 2006
G. †Eritreum Shoshani et al. 2006
+
†Eritreum melakeghebrekristosi Shoshani et al. 2006
Fm. †Mammutidae Hay 1922 [mastodon]
+
G. †Eozygodon Tassy and Pickford 1983
G. †Losodokodon Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
G. †Mammut Blumenbach 1799 [mastodon]
+
Invalid names: Leviathan Koch 1841 [synonym], Mastodon Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Missourium Koch 1840 [synonym], Pliomastodon Osborn 1926 [synonym], Tetracaulodon Godman 1830 [synonym]
G. †Sinomammut Mothé et al. 2016
G. †Zygolophodon Vacek 1877
+
Invalid names: Miomastodon Osborn 1922 [synonym], Turicius Osborn 1926 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eozygodontinae McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Mammutinae Hay 1922 [empty]
Invalid names: Mammutida Tassy and Shoshani 1997 [empty]
G. †Eritherium Gheerbrant 2009
+
†Eritherium azzouzorum Gheerbrant 2009
Fm. †Gomphotheriidae Hay 1922 [gomphothere]
+
G. †Amahuacatherium Romero-Pittman 1996
Subfm. †Amebelodontinae Barbour 1927
+
G. †Afromastodon Pickford 2003
G. †Amebelodon Barbour 1927
G. †Archaeobelodon Tassy 1984
G. †Platybelodon Borissiak 1928
Subfm. †Platybelodontinae Borissiak 1928
G. †Progomphotherium Pickford 2003
G. †Protanancus Arambourg 1945
Subfm. †Anancinae Hay 1922
+
G. †Anancus Aymard 1855
Invalid names: Brevirostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym]
G. †Blancotherium May 2019
+
†Blancotherium buckneri Sellards 1940
Subfm. †Cuvieroniinae Cabrera 1929
+
G. †Notiomastodon Cabrera 1929
+
Invalid names: Haplomastodon Hoffstetter 1950 [synonym]
G. †Cuvieronius Osborn 1923
+
†Cuvieronius arellanoi Ochoterena and Silva 1970
†Cuvieronius hyodon Fischer 1814
+
Invalid names: Mastodon bolivianus Philippi 1893 [synonym], Mastodon humboldtii Cuvier 1805 [synonym]
†Cuvieronius priestleyi Hay and Cook 1930
†Cuvieronius tropicus Cope 1884
+
Invalid names: Cordillerion defloccatus Hay 1926 [synonym], Cordillerion orarius Hay 1926 [synonym], Mastodon oligobunis Cope 1893 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cordillerion Osborn 1926 [synonym], Cuvieronius tarijensis Cabrera 1929 [nomen nudum]
G. †Eubelodon Barbour 1914
+
†Eubelodon morrilli Barbour 1914
G. †Eurybelodon Lambert 2016
+
†Eurybelodon shoshanii Lambert 2016
G. †Gnathabelodon Barbour and Sternberg 1935
+
†Gnathabelodon thorpei Barbour and Sternberg 1935
Subfm. †Gomphotheriinae Hay 1922
+
Tr. †Amebelodontini Barbour 1927
Invalid names: Gnathabelodontinae Barbour and Sternberg 1935 [synonym], Gomphotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]
G. †Gomphotherium Burmeister 1837
+
†Gomphotherium angustidens Burmeister 1837
†Gomphotherium connexus Hopwood 1935
†Gomphotherium ngorora Maglio 1974
+
Invalid names: Gomphotherium pojoaquense Frick 1926 [synonym], Mastodon serridens Cope 1884 [synonym], Megabelodon minor Mawby 1968 [synonym], Ocalientinus ojocaliensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon lulli Barbour 1914 [synonym], Trilophodon cruziensis Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon joraki Frick 1933 [synonym], Trilophodon phippsi Cook 1928 [synonym]
†Gomphotherium pygmaeus Depéret 1897
†Gomphotherium shensiensis Chang and Zhai 1978
†Gomphotherium wimani Hopwood 1935
Invalid names: Genomastodon Barbour 1917 [synonym], Ocalientinus Frick 1933 [synonym], Serridentinus Osborn 1923 [synonym], Tatabelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Tetrabelodon Cope 1884 [synonym], Trilophodon Falconer 1857 [synonym], Trobelodon Frick 1933 [synonym]
G. †Konobelodon Lambert 1990
+
†Konobelodon atticus Wagner 1857
†Konobelodon britti Lambert 1990
G. †Masthodon Proano 1922
+
†Masthodon chimborazi Proano 1922
G. †Mastotherium Fischer 1814
+
†Mastotherium hyodon Fischer 1814
+
Invalid names: Mastodon andium Cuvier 1805 [objective synonym]
G. †Megabelodon Barbour 1914
G. †Morrillia Osborn 1924
+
†Morrillia barbouri Osborn 1921
G. †Pediolophodon Lambert 2007
+
†Pediolophodon fricki Osborn 1936
G. †Pentalophodon Falconer 1857
+
†Pentalophodon sivalensis Petrocchi 1943
Subfm. †Rhynchotheriinae Hay 1922
+
Invalid names: Cuvieroniini Cabrera 1929 [empty], Rhynchorostrinae Osborn 1923 [synonym], Rhynchotheriini Hay 1922 [empty]
G. †Rhynchotherium Falconer 1868
+
†Rhynchotherium blicki Frick 1933
+
Invalid names: Rhynchotherium tlascalae Falconer 1868 [synonym]
†Rhynchotherium falconeri Osborn 1923
+
Invalid names: Rhynchotherium browni Osborn 1936 [synonym], Trilophodon edensis Frick 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aybelodon Frick 1933 [synonym], Blickotherium Frick 1933 [synonym], Dibelodon Cope 1884 [synonym]
G. †Selenolophodon Chang and Zhai 1978
+
G. †Serbelodon Frick 1933
+
†Serbelodon burnhami Osborn 1933
G. †Sinomastodon Tobien et al. 1986
+
†Sinomastodon bumiajuensis van der Maarel 1932
†Sinomastodon yangziensis Wang et al. 2014
G. †Stegomastodon Pohlig 1912
+
†Stegomastodon aftoniae Osborn 1924
†Stegomastodon chapmani Osborn 1924
+
Invalid names: Mastodon chapmani Hays 1834 [objective synonym]
+
Invalid names: Mastodon successor Cope 1892 [synonym], Stegomastodon arizonae Gidley 1926 [synonym], Stegomastodon rexroadensis Woodburne 1961 [synonym], Stegomastodon texanus Osborn 1924 [synonym]
†Stegomastodon primitivus Osborn 1936
Invalid names: Rhabdobunus Hay 1914 [synonym]
G. †Synconolophus Osborn 1929
G. †Tetralophodon Falconer 1857
+
Subg. †Tetralophodon (Lydekkeria) Osborn 1924
Subg. †Tetralophodon (Tetralophodon) Falconer 1857
G. †Torynobelodon Barbour 1929
Invalid names: Mastodon shepardii Leidy 1870 [nomen dubium], Rhynchotherium rectidens Osborn 1923 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Mastodontoidea Osborn 1921
+
Fm. †Bunomastodontidae Osborn 1921
+
Invalid names: Longirostrinae [empty], Serridentinae Osborn 1936 [empty], Tetralophodontinae van der Maarel 1932 [empty]
Superfm. †Moeritherioidea Osborn 1921
+
Fm. †Moeritheriidae Andrews 1906
+
G. †Moeritherium Andrews 1901
G. †Neodesmostylus Khomenko 1928
+
†Neodesmostylus primigenius Khomenko 1928
+
Invalid names: Desmostylus wollosowitschi Pfizenmayer 1927 [objective synonym]
G. †Phiomia Andrews and Beadnell 1902
+
†Phiomia major Sanders et al. 2004
†Phiomia serridens Andrews and Beadnell 1902
Unr. †Plesielephantiformes Shoshani 2001
+
Fm. †Phosphatheriidae Gheerbrandt et al. 2005
+
G. †Phosphatherium Gheerbrant et al. 1996
G. †Saloumia Tabuce et al. 2020
+
†Saloumia gorodiskii Tabuce et al. 2020
Invalid names: Caenobasileus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Caenobasileus tremontigerus Cope 1877 [nomen vanum], Deinotherioidea Osborn 1936 [empty], Dinotherioidea Osborn 1921 [empty], Euelephantoidea [empty], Hemimastodontidae McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty], Mastodontidae Gray 1821 [empty]
Or. Sirenia Illiger 1811 [sirenian]
+
Fm. Dugongidae Gray 1821 [dugong]
+
G. †Anisosiren Kordos 1979
+
†Anisosiren pannonica Kordos 1979
G. †Caribosiren Reinhart 1959
+
†Caribosiren turneri Reinhart 1959
Subfm. Dugonginae Gray 1821
+
G. †Bharatisiren Bajpai and Domning 1997
G. †Callistosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2015
G. †Corystosiren Domning 1990
G. †Crenatosiren Domning 1991
G. †Culebratherium Velez-Juarbe and Wood 2018
G. †Dioplotherium Cope 1883
G. †Domningia Thewissen and Bajpai 2009
G. Dugong Lacépède 1799 [dugong]
+
Invalid names: Amblychilus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Dugongidus Gray 1821 [synonym], Dugungus Tiedemann 1808 [synonym], Halicora Fleming 1822 [synonym], Halicore [synonym], Platystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
G. †Italosiren Voss et al. 2017
G. †Kutchisiren Bajpai et al. 2010
G. †Norosiren Samonds et al. 2019
G. †Rytiodus Lartet 1866
+
Invalid names: Thelriope Pilleri 1987 [objective synonym]
G. †Xenosiren Domning 1989
Invalid names: Halicorinae Abel 1913 [synonym], Rhytiodinae Abel 1914 [synonym], Rytiodontinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Thelriopiinae Pilleri 1987 [synonym]
G. †Eotheroides Palmer 1899
+
+
Invalid names: Eotherium majus Zdansky 1938 [synonym], Manatus coulombi Filhol 1878 [synonym], Masrisiren abeli Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
†Eotheroides babiae Bajpai et al. 2006
†Eotheroides clavigerum Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides lambondrano Samonds and Zalmout 2009
†Eotheroides sandersi Zalmout and Gingerich 2012
†Eotheroides waghapadarensis Das and Basu 1994
Invalid names: Eotherium Owen 1875 [synonym], Masrisiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym]
Subfm. †Halitheriinae Gill 1872
+
G. †Eosiren Andrews 1902
+
Invalid names: Archaeosiren Abel 1913 [synonym]
G. †Metaxytherium de Christol 1840
+
Invalid names: Cheirotherium Bruno 1839 [synonym], Felsinotherium Capellini 1872 [synonym], Fucotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Halianassa [synonym], Halysiren Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Haplosiren Kretzoi 1951 [synonym], Hesperosiren Simpson 1932 [synonym], Pontotherium Kaup 1840 [synonym], Thalattosiren Sickenberg 1928 [synonym]
G. †Prototherium de Zigno 1887
+
Invalid names: Mesosiren Abel 1906 [synonym], Paraliosiren Abel 1906 [synonym]
G. †Stegosiren Domning and Beatty 2019
Invalid names: Archaeosireninae Abel 1914 [synonym], Eotherioidinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Halianassinae Reinhart 1959 [synonym], Halitherida Carus 1868 [objective synonym], Metaxytheriinae Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Pachyspondylus Brandt 1873 [nomen vanum], Prototheriidae Kretzoi 1941 [invalid subgroup]
Subfm. †Hydrodamalinae Palmer 1895
+
G. †Dusisiren Domning 1978
G. †Hydrodamalis Retzius 1794 [Steller's sea cow]
+
Invalid names: Dystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [synonym], Haligyna Billberg 1827 [synonym], Manati Steller 1774 [replaced], Nepus Fischer von Waldheim 1814 [synonym], Rhytina Berthold 1827 [synonym], Rhytine Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Rytina Illiger 1811 [synonym], Sirene Link 1794 [synonym], Stellerus Desmarest 1822 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhytinea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Rytinadae Gray 1843 [synonym], Rytineae Brandt 1833 [synonym], Rytinidae Girard 1852 [synonym]
G. †Indosiren von Koenigswald 1952
+
†Indosiren javanensis von Koenigswald 1952
†Indosiren koeningswaldi Sahni and Mishra 1975
G. †Kaupitherium Voss and Hampe 2017
+
†Kaupitherium bronni Krauss 1858
†Kaupitherium gruelli Voss and Hampe 2017
G. †Lentiarenium Voss et al. 2016
+
†Lentiarenium christolii Fitzinger 1842
+
Invalid names: Halitherium abeli Spillman 1959 [synonym], Metaxytherium pergense Toula 1899 [synonym]
G. †Miodugong Deraniyagala 1969
+
†Miodugong brevicranius Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Nanosiren Domning and Aguilera 2008
+
†Nanosiren garciae Domning and Aguilera 2008
†Nanosiren sanchezi Domning and Aguilera 2008
G. †Paralitherium Kordos 1977
+
G. †Priscosiren Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
+
†Priscosiren atlantica Velez-Juarbe and Domning 2014
G. †Prohalicore Flot 1887
+
†Prohalicore dubaleni Flot 1887
G. †Sirenavus Kretzoi 1941
+
†Sirenavus hungaricus Kretzoi 1941
Invalid names: Halicorida Brandt 1868 [synonym], Halicoridae Gray 1825 [synonym], Halicoroidea Gill 1872 [synonym], Halitherium Kaup 1838 [nomen dubium], Halitherium alleni Simpson 1932 [invalid subgroup], Halitherium antillense Matthew 1916 [nomen dubium], Halitherium taulannense Sagne 2001 [invalid subgroup], Rytiodinae Simpson 1932 [empty], Trachytherium Gervais 1849 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Prorastomidae Cope 1889
+
G. †Pezosiren Domning 2001
+
†Pezosiren portelli Domning 2001
G. †Prorastomus Owen 1855
+
Invalid names: Prorastoma Lydekker 1892 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Prorastomatidae Flower and Lydekker 1891 [objective synonym]
Superfm. †Prorastomoidea Heal 1973
+
Invalid names: Eotheroididae Heal 1973 [empty]
Fm. †Protosirenidae Sickenberg 1934
+
G. †Ashokia Bajpai et al. 2009
+
†Ashokia antiqua Bajpai et al. 2009
G. †Dakhlasiren Zouhri et al. 2022
+
†Dakhlasiren marocensis Zouhri et al. 2022
G. †Kilgai Malkani 2019
+
†Kilgai moolakharzani Malkani 2019
G. †Libysiren Domning et al. 2017
+
†Libysiren sickenbergi Domning et al. 2017
G. †Protosiren Abel 1904
+
†Protosiren eothene Zalmout et al. 2003
†Protosiren fraasi Abel 1904
†Protosiren minima Desmarest 1822
†Protosiren sattaensis Gingerich et al. 1995
†Protosiren smithae Domning and Gingerich 1994
G. †Sobrarbesiren Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
+
†Sobrarbesiren cardieli Díaz-Berenguer et al. 2018
Fm. Trichechidae Gray 1821 [manatee]
+
Subfm. †Miosireninae Abel 1919
+
G. †Anomotherium Siegfried 1965
G. †Miosiren Dollo 1889
Fm. Trichechinae Gray 1825
+
G. †Potamosiren Reinhart 1951
G. †Ribodon Ameghino 1883
G. Trichechus Linnaeus 1758 [manatee]
+
Invalid names: Halipaedisca Gistel 1848 [synonym], Manatus Brunnich 1772 [synonym], Neodermus Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Oxystomus Fischer von Waldheim 1803 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trichechina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Invalid names: Halicorea Brandt 1846 [synonym], Halicoreae Brandt 1833 [objective synonym], Manatida Brandt 1868 [objective synonym], Manatidae Gray 1821 [objective synonym], Manatoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym], Manatus aequatorialis Lacépède 1799 [invalid subgroup], Manatus vulgaris Domning 1996 [invalid subgroup], Trichechoidea Gill 1872 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Anthropocephala Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Crassitherium Van Beneden 1871 [nomen dubium], Diopia Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Dugongoidea Heal 1973 [empty], Halobioidea Ameghino 1889 [objective synonym], Herbivorae Gray 1821 [synonym], Manatherium Hartlaub 1886 [nomen dubium], Manatides Billberg 1827 [objective synonym], Manatina Bonaparte 1837 [objective synonym], Manatus inornatus Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Pugmeodon Kaup 1838 [nomen oblitum], Rhytinidae Gill 1872 [empty], Sireniformia Burmeister 1837 [objective synonym], Sirenotherium Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Sirenotherium pirabense Paula Couto 1967 [nomen dubium], Trichechiformes Hay 1923 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Behemota McKenna and Bell 1997 [empty]
Invalid names: Uranotheria [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1374.7 kgs
Minimum body mass: 1.3 kgs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: s = species, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Solórzano et al. 2023, Johnson and Madden 1997, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (4957 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Danian66.0 - 61.66Bolivia (Mizque) Notoungulata indet. (13501)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Carodnia feruglioi (235708) Carodnia karuen (13782) Notoetayoa gargantuai, Carodnia feruglioi (79348)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04Libya Halitherium sp. (76981)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Brazil (Amazonas) Trichechus sp. (217666)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.66 - 56.0Colombia (Bogotá) Etayoa bacatensis (140910)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Argentina (Salta) Archaeogaia macachaae (212256)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Argentina (Jujuy) Simpsonotus major (175869 175870) Simpsonotus praecursor (175868)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Notoungulata indet. (37008)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Argentina (Tucumán) Eoastrapostylops riolorense, Satshatemnus bonapartei, Xenungulata indet. (41607)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Morocco (Beni Mellal) Eritherium azzouzorum (77353)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0Bolivia Camargomendesia indet. (176065)
Thanetian - Ypresian59.24 - 48.07Peru (Puno) Notoungulata sp. 1, Notoungulata sp. 2, Notoungulata sp. 3 (132938) Perutherium altiplanense (28230)
Riochican57.0 - 56.0Argentina (Chubut) Isotemnidae indet., Notopithecidae indet. (175728) Isotemnus ctalego, Kibenikhoria get, Shecenia ctirneru, Seudenius cteronc, Transpithecus sp., Notopithecidae indet., Isotemnidae indet., Peripantostylops orehor, Henricosbornia waitehor, Notostylopidae indet. (14205) Notostylopidae indet. (176061) Trigonostylops sp., Archaeopithecus rogeri, Pleurostylodon sp., Isotemnus sp., Othnielmarshia sp., Polystylops sp., Eohyrax sp., Brandmayria simpsoni, Postpithecus sp., Isotemnus primitivus, Henricosbornia lophodonta, Henricosbornia sp., Notopithecus sp. (13781)
Riochican - Mustersan57.0 - 42.0Argentina Pleurostylodon sp., Notostylops sp. (176460)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Türkiye (Kırşehir) Crivadiatherium sahini, Crivadiatherium sevketseni (240578)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Venezuela (Lara) Proticia venezuelensis (186779)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Pakistan (Balochistan) Kilgai moolakharzani (214011)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Carodnia vieirai, Notoungulata indet., Nanolophodon tutuca, Camargomendesia pristina, Homalostylops atavus, Henricosbornia magellanica, Trigonostylops apthomasi, Trigonostylops sp. (118314) Trigonostylops sp., Henricosbornia sp. (38793)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Peru (Tumbes) Carodnia inexpectans (175594)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Mali (Gao) Proboscidea indet., Numidotheriidae indet., Plesielephantiformes indet., Pliohyracidae indet. (175262)